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Accounting & Management

Accounting & Management

  • Faculty
  • Curriculum
  • Seminars & Conferences
  • Awards & Honors
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Overview Faculty Curriculum Seminars & Conferences Awards & Honors Doctoral Students
    • 2026
    • Book

    Paper to Practice: Why Compliance Programs Fail and How to Build Programs That Work

    By: Eugene Soltes

    Compliance programs have grown dramatically over the past three decades, yet many are dismissed by executives and employees alike as costly paper exercises that do little to protect organizations. The problem is not a shortage of effort. It is that compliance effectiveness is still measured by process inputs (e.g., training completion rates, policy attestations) rather than by whether programs actually change behavior. In Paper to Practice, Harvard Business School professor and Integrity Lab founder Eugene Soltes draws on more than a decade of research and advisory work with global multinationals, regulators, and enforcement agencies to show how leaders can design integrity programs that genuinely shape employee conduct. His data-driven framework treats compliance as a fundamentally behavioral and psychological exercise: what matters is not the policies on paper but how employees experience, interpret, and respond to them. Written for board members, chief compliance officers, attorneys, and senior executives, Paper to Practice offers a roadmap for transforming compliance from a logistical burden into a function that strengthens reputation, reduces legal and regulatory exposure, and earns the trust of employees, regulators, and the public.

    • 2026
    • Book

    Paper to Practice: Why Compliance Programs Fail and How to Build Programs That Work

    By: Eugene Soltes

    Compliance programs have grown dramatically over the past three decades, yet many are dismissed by executives and employees alike as costly paper exercises that do little to protect organizations. The problem is not a shortage of effort. It is that compliance effectiveness is still measured by process inputs (e.g., training completion rates,...

    • August 2026
    • Case

    Dixon Technologies: Charting a Path to Global Leadership

    By: Krishna G. Palepu, Aindrila Sinha and Kairavi Dey

    Founded in 1993, Dixon Technologies grew from a small contract manufacturer into India’s largest electronics manufacturing services (EMS) company, generating over $5 billion in revenues by 2026. As global supply chains shifted away from China and India emerged as a manufacturing hub, Dixon expanded beyond assembly into components and product designing to capture a greater share of value. However, these investments required significant capital, foreign technology partnerships, and new organizational capabilities. At the same time, the company faced slowing growth in its core mobile phone segment, a 30% decline in its share price, geopolitical uncertainty, and increasing competition. As the Dixon leadership looked ahead, they faced a critical question: how could a company build the capabilities needed for long-term competitiveness while continuing to deliver the financial performance expected by investors?

    • August 2026
    • Case

    Dixon Technologies: Charting a Path to Global Leadership

    By: Krishna G. Palepu, Aindrila Sinha and Kairavi Dey

    Founded in 1993, Dixon Technologies grew from a small contract manufacturer into India’s largest electronics manufacturing services (EMS) company, generating over $5 billion in revenues by 2026. As global supply chains shifted away from China and India emerged as a manufacturing hub, Dixon expanded beyond assembly into components and product...

    • 2026
    • Working Paper

    Corporate Emissions Targets as Demand Signals for Supply Chain Coordination

    By: Shawn Kim, Ling Lin, Shirley Lu and Francesco Tripoli

    We examine whether corporate emissions reduction targets stimulate investment in climate solutions beyond the firms that announce them. We hypothesize that such targets serve as forward-looking demand signals, shaping suppliers' expectations about future demand for low-carbon inputs and technologies. Using granular supply-chain data and controlling for industry-by-time trends, we find that suppliers increase their investment in climate solutions following emissions target announcements by their direct customers. The effects are stronger when the customer relationship is more economically important and when suppliers face greater uncertainty. Notably, suppliers respond positively even to targets with limited ex ante credibility, consistent with cheap-talk models in which costless signals remain informative when the preferences of senders and receivers are sufficiently aligned. To address endogeneity and identify broader spillover effects, we implement a Bartik-style instrumental variable strategy that combines country-level climate concern with supplier-industry exposure to customer industries across countries. The results indicate that emissions targets influence supplier investment beyond directly linked customer–supplier relationships. Overall, the findings suggest that corporate emissions reduction targets generate market-wide demand signals that reallocate investment toward climate solutions.

    • 2026
    • Working Paper

    Corporate Emissions Targets as Demand Signals for Supply Chain Coordination

    By: Shawn Kim, Ling Lin, Shirley Lu and Francesco Tripoli

    We examine whether corporate emissions reduction targets stimulate investment in climate solutions beyond the firms that announce them. We hypothesize that such targets serve as forward-looking demand signals, shaping suppliers' expectations about future demand for low-carbon inputs and technologies. Using granular supply-chain data and...

About the Unit

The Accounting & Management unit at Harvard Business School strives to be the worldwide leader in research, course development, and teaching on top managements' use of performance measurement systems to:

  • Communicate with external investors to ensure that their firms' securities are fairly priced and that they are able to access capital,
  • Measure and evaluate their firms' economic performance,
  • Improve resource allocation and strategy implementation within their firms, and
  • Build accountability for performance through effective external and internal governance.

Unit research, course development, and teaching fall into two broad areas: Financial Reporting and Analysis and Management Accounting. Our research helps scholars and educators understand current best practices for the design and use of performance measurement systems that help managers to build more effective, value-creating organizations. Our teaching materials enable us to bring the results of this research into the classroom, and to practice.

Recent Publications

Paper to Practice: Why Compliance Programs Fail and How to Build Programs That Work

By: Eugene Soltes
  • 2026 |
  • Book |
  • Faculty Research
Compliance programs have grown dramatically over the past three decades, yet many are dismissed by executives and employees alike as costly paper exercises that do little to protect organizations. The problem is not a shortage of effort. It is that compliance effectiveness is still measured by process inputs (e.g., training completion rates, policy attestations) rather than by whether programs actually change behavior. In Paper to Practice, Harvard Business School professor and Integrity Lab founder Eugene Soltes draws on more than a decade of research and advisory work with global multinationals, regulators, and enforcement agencies to show how leaders can design integrity programs that genuinely shape employee conduct. His data-driven framework treats compliance as a fundamentally behavioral and psychological exercise: what matters is not the policies on paper but how employees experience, interpret, and respond to them. Written for board members, chief compliance officers, attorneys, and senior executives, Paper to Practice offers a roadmap for transforming compliance from a logistical burden into a function that strengthens reputation, reduces legal and regulatory exposure, and earns the trust of employees, regulators, and the public.
Keywords: Compliance Programs; Risk Management; Governance Compliance; Organizational Culture; Employees
Citation
Purchase
Related
Soltes, Eugene. Paper to Practice: Why Compliance Programs Fail and How to Build Programs That Work. Wiley, 2026.

Dixon Technologies: Charting a Path to Global Leadership

By: Krishna G. Palepu, Aindrila Sinha and Kairavi Dey
  • August 2026 |
  • Case |
  • Faculty Research
Founded in 1993, Dixon Technologies grew from a small contract manufacturer into India’s largest electronics manufacturing services (EMS) company, generating over $5 billion in revenues by 2026. As global supply chains shifted away from China and India emerged as a manufacturing hub, Dixon expanded beyond assembly into components and product designing to capture a greater share of value. However, these investments required significant capital, foreign technology partnerships, and new organizational capabilities. At the same time, the company faced slowing growth in its core mobile phone segment, a 30% decline in its share price, geopolitical uncertainty, and increasing competition. As the Dixon leadership looked ahead, they faced a critical question: how could a company build the capabilities needed for long-term competitiveness while continuing to deliver the financial performance expected by investors?
Keywords: Business Model; Customer Value and Value Chain; Financial Strategy; Global Strategy; Compensation and Benefits; Knowledge Acquisition; Organizational Culture; Electronics Industry; Manufacturing Industry; India
Citation
Educators
Related
Palepu, Krishna G., Aindrila Sinha, and Kairavi Dey. "Dixon Technologies: Charting a Path to Global Leadership." Harvard Business School Case 127-042, August 2026.

Purpose of the Firm

By: George Serafeim
  • July 2026 |
  • Course Overview Note |
  • Faculty Research
Purpose of the Firm is a short course designed to examine what firms make possible, what they cannot do alone, and what happens when leaders try to use the firm as a vehicle for consequence. The course is interdisciplinary by design, taught by faculty from across the school. The course is brief and intense: six linked cases taught over three days, followed by a wrap-up session on the fourth. Because of that pace, each class will ask students to work from the specific facts of the case toward broader lessons about leadership, performance, sacrifice, trust, and governance.
Keywords: Purpose; Mission And Purpose
Citation
Related
Serafeim, George. "Purpose of the Firm." Harvard Business School Course Overview Note 127-040, July 2026.

Corporate Emissions Targets as Demand Signals for Supply Chain Coordination

By: Shawn Kim, Ling Lin, Shirley Lu and Francesco Tripoli
  • 2026 |
  • Working Paper |
  • Faculty Research
We examine whether corporate emissions reduction targets stimulate investment in climate solutions beyond the firms that announce them. We hypothesize that such targets serve as forward-looking demand signals, shaping suppliers' expectations about future demand for low-carbon inputs and technologies. Using granular supply-chain data and controlling for industry-by-time trends, we find that suppliers increase their investment in climate solutions following emissions target announcements by their direct customers. The effects are stronger when the customer relationship is more economically important and when suppliers face greater uncertainty. Notably, suppliers respond positively even to targets with limited ex ante credibility, consistent with cheap-talk models in which costless signals remain informative when the preferences of senders and receivers are sufficiently aligned. To address endogeneity and identify broader spillover effects, we implement a Bartik-style instrumental variable strategy that combines country-level climate concern with supplier-industry exposure to customer industries across countries. The results indicate that emissions targets influence supplier investment beyond directly linked customer–supplier relationships. Overall, the findings suggest that corporate emissions reduction targets generate market-wide demand signals that reallocate investment toward climate solutions.
Keywords: Corporate Disclosure; Climate Change; Supply Chain; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Environmental Accounting; Customer Focus and Relationships
Citation
Read Now
Related
Kim, Shawn, Ling Lin, Shirley Lu, and Francesco Tripoli. "Corporate Emissions Targets as Demand Signals for Supply Chain Coordination." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 27-008, July 2026.

Endeavor Fire Protection: The People's Platform (C)

By: Ethan Rouen and Vivian McElroy
  • July 2026 |
  • Supplement |
  • Faculty Research
Supplements the (A) case, HBS No. 126-078.
Keywords: Sale Of Business; Payout Policy; Transition
Citation
Purchase
Related
Rouen, Ethan, and Vivian McElroy. "Endeavor Fire Protection: The People's Platform (C)." Harvard Business School Supplement 126-080, July 2026.

The Informed Insider: A Leading Measure of Quality

By: Wei Cai, Dennis Campbell, Yaxuan Chen, Yufei Chen and Andrea Prat
  • 2026 |
  • Working Paper |
  • Faculty Research
Product and service quality is fundamental to firm value creation, yet it is well recognized as difficult to observe ex ante. Existing quality proxies are limited in coverage, lack cross-firm comparability, and primarily rely on lagging indicators that capture product or service failures only after they materialize. Exploiting employees’ informational advantage as informed insiders and firsthand observers of firms’ internal operations, we develop and validate a novel, forward-looking measure of firm-year-level product and service quality using over 4.3 million employee reviews on Glassdoor. Leveraging machine learning models trained on a subset of firms with third-party customer satisfaction data, we construct quality indices for S&P 1500 firms spanning 2008 to 2023. The resulting quality measures exhibit meaningful variation across firms and within firms over time. In out-of-sample tests, our quality indices demonstrate strong predictive power for future quality provision, emerging as the single most important predictor relative to firm fundamentals and Glassdoor ratings. We validate our measure by examining its association with alternative quality metrics. We show that our quality measures are useful in predicting important quality-related firm outcomes such as product recalls, brand value, and profitability. We also construct an alternative set of quality measures using a zero-shot prompt-based approach and a supervised fine-tuning approach with GPT models to assess the potential of LLMs and generative AI in capturing firm-level quality provision. Our paper shows the value of employee voices as a powerful, forward-looking, and scalable signal of firm quality provision. The paper offers implications for stakeholders seeking to identify quality-related risks and opportunities before they become externally visible.
Keywords: Microeconomics; Economics Of Information; Value Creation; Customer Satisfaction; Quality; Experience and Expertise
Citation
Register to Read
Related
Cai, Wei, Dennis Campbell, Yaxuan Chen, Yufei Chen, and Andrea Prat. "The Informed Insider: A Leading Measure of Quality." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 35348, June 2026.

Endeavor Fire Protection: The People's Platform (B)

By: Ethan Rouen and Vivian McElroy
  • July 2026 (Revised July 2026) |
  • Supplement |
  • Faculty Research
Supplements the (A) case, HBS No. 126-078.
Keywords: Private Capital; Buyout; Private Equity; United States
Citation
Purchase
Related
Rouen, Ethan, and Vivian McElroy. "Endeavor Fire Protection: The People's Platform (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 126-079, July 2026. (Revised July 2026.)

Endeavor Fire Protection: The People's Platform (A)

By: Ethan Rouen and Vivian McElroy
  • July 2026 (Revised July 2026) |
  • Case |
  • Faculty Research
This case examines Robert Lane’s creation and rapid expansion of Endeavor Fire Protection, a union-focused fire and life safety services platform that grew from $3 million to more than $15.5 million in Adjusted EBITDA and expanded from 1 to 14 states between 2022 and 2024. Central to Endeavor’s strategy were a “field-first” operating philosophy and the Value Creation Program, a broad-based incentive system designed to share at least 10% of sale proceeds with employees throughout the organization. As the company prepares for a sale, Lane must evaluate prospective buyers while balancing investor returns, employee interests, union relationships, and the preservation of Endeavor’s distinctive culture. The case explores the potential tradeoff between maximizing economic value and protecting the stakeholder-oriented practices that contributed to the company’s success.
Keywords: Private Capital; Capital Constraints; Capital Investment; Private Equity; Business Exit or Shutdown; Compensation and Benefits; Organizational Culture; Business and Stakeholder Relations; Motivation and Incentives; Business Strategy; Expansion; Value Creation; United States
Citation
Educators
Purchase
Related
Rouen, Ethan, and Vivian McElroy. "Endeavor Fire Protection: The People's Platform (A)." Harvard Business School Case 126-078, July 2026. (Revised July 2026.)
More Publications

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Accounting & Management Unit
Harvard Business School
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Soldiers Field
Boston, MA 02163
A&M@hbs.edu

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