本文介绍如何在SQL Server中通过T-SQL使用正则表达式进行数据验证、转换等操作，并提供了一些实用的函数示例。
/* This Workbench is about using Regular expressions with SQL Server via TSQL. It doesn't even attempt to teach how regular expressions work or how to pull them together. There are plenty of such resources on the Web. The aim is to demonstrate a few possibilities and try to persuade you to experiment with them if you don't already use Regex with SQL Server.
We suggest that, if you are an ordinary mortal like Phil or I, without special powers, you should use an application such as RegexBuddy to form, edit and interpret Regular expressions. It makes learning them a lot easier. In order that people with access only to SQL Server 2000 can use the workbench, we'll use OLE in the examples, but they are readily adapted to CLR
As always, the source code is in the speechbubble above. */
/*
-- Contents --
Regular Expressions can be very useful to the Database programmer, particularly for data validation, data feeds and data transformations. A lot of the time, tools such as grep and awk or Funduc's S&R will be the most suitable way of using regular expressions, but just occasionally, it is handy to be able to use them in TSQL as we'll try to show.
Regular Expressions are not regular in the sense that there is any common dialect of expression that is understood by all Regex engines. On the contrary, regular expresssions aren't always portable and there are many common, similar but incompatible, dialects in use, such as Perl 5.8, Java.util.regex, .NET, PHP, Python, Ruby, ECMA Javascript, PCRE, Apache, vi, Shell tools TCL ARE, POSIX BRE, Funduc and JGsoft.
Regular Expressions were never developed to be easy to understand. They are a condensed shorthand that, on preliminary inspection, looks as if someone has repeatedly sat on the keyboard. Even when interpreted, the logic isn't always easy to follow. If you don't agree,then explain this one!
Probably the best tutorial on the web for Regular Expressions is on www.regular-expressions.info but it is also worth reading Implementing Real-World Data Input Validation using Regular Expressions by Francis Norton for an introduction to regular expressions
A great deal can be done using commandline applications that work with regular expressions such as GREP and AWK. However, there are times where it is handy to use Regex directly from TSQL. There are two Regex engines available to SQL Server. These are
- the .NET Regex which is in the system.text.regularexpression module
- The ECMA Regex from VBScript.RegExp which is distributed with the IE browser and is used by Javascript and JScript.
Both of these are excellent standard implementations. Both work well in TSQL.
The .NET Regex requires the creation of CLR functions to provide regular expressions, and works only with SQL Server 2005, (and 2007) See CLR Integration by Christoffer Hedgate
The ECMA Regex can be used via VBScript.RegExp, which are available to SQL Server 2000 as well. The regex is compatible with Javascript.
The advantage of using CLR is that the regular expressions of the NET framework are very good, and performance is excellent. However, the techniques are well-known, whereas some of the more powerful uses of VBScript.RegExp have hardly ever been published, so this workbench will concentrate on the latter
The OLE functions
------------------
There are various properties to consider in these functions
-
IgnoreCase
- By default, the regular expression is case sensitive. In the following functions, we have set the IgnoreCase property to True to make it case insensitive. The Multiline property
- The caret and dollar only match at the very start and very end of the subject string by default. If your subject string consists of multiple lines separated by line breaks, you can make the caret and dollar match at the start and the end of those lines by setting the Multiline property to True. (there is no option to make the dot match line break characters). The Global property
- If you want the RegExp object to return or replace all matches instead of just the first one, set the Global property to True.
The OLE Regex Match function
-----------------------------
Let's start off with something simple, a function for testing a string against a regular expression */
IF OBJECT_ID ( N'dbo.RegexMatch' ) IS NOT NULLDROP FUNCTION dbo.RegexMatch
GO
CREATE FUNCTION dbo.RegexMatch
(
@pattern VARCHAR ( 2000 ),
@matchstring VARCHAR ( MAX ) --Varchar(8000) got SQL Server 2000
)
RETURNS INT
/* The RegexMatch returns True or False, indicating if the regular expression matches (part of) the string. (It returns null if there is an error).
When using this for validating user input, you'll normally want to check if the entire string matches the regular expression. To do so, put a caret at the start of the regex, and a dollar at the end, to anchor the regex at the start and end of the subject string.
*/
AS BEGIN
DECLARE @objRegexExp INT ,
@objErrorObject INT ,
@strErrorMessage VARCHAR ( 255 ),
@hr INT ,
@match BIT
SELECT @strErrorMessage = 'creating a regex object'
EXEC @hr = sp_OACreate 'VBScript.RegExp' , @objRegexExp OUT
IF @hr = 0
EXEC @hr = sp_OASetProperty @objRegexExp , 'Pattern' , @pattern
--Specifying a case-insensitive match
IF @hr = 0
EXEC @hr = sp_OASetProperty @objRegexExp , 'IgnoreCase' , 1
--Doing a Test'
IF @hr = 0
EXEC @hr = sp_OAMethod @objRegexExp , 'Test' , @match OUT , @matchstring
IF @hr & lt ;& gt ; 0
BEGIN
RETURN NULL
END
EXEC sp_OADestroy @objRegexExp
RETURN @match
END
GO
/* Now, with this routine, we can do some complex input validation*/
--IS there a repeating word
SELECT dbo.RegexMatch ( '\b(\w+)\s+\1\b' , 'this has has been repeated' ) --1
SELECT dbo.RegexMatch ( '\b(\w+)\s+\1\b' , 'this has not been repeated' ) --0
--find a word near another word (in this case 'for' and 'last' 1 or 2 words apart)
SELECT dbo.RegexMatch ( '\bfor(?:\W+\w+){1,2}?\W+last\b' ,
'You have failed me for the last time, Admiral' ) --1
SELECT dbo.RegexMatch ( '\bfor(?:\W+\w+){1,2}?\W+last\b' ,
'You have failed me for what could be the last time, Admiral' ) --0
--is this likely to be a valid credit card
SELECT dbo.RegexMatch ( '^(?:4[0-9]{12}(?:[0-9]{3})?|5[1-5][0-9]{14}|6011[0-9]{12}|3(?:0
[0-5]|[68][0-9])[0-9]{11}|3[47][0-9]{13}|(?:2131|1800)\d{11})$' , '4953129482924435' )
--IS this a valid ZIP code
SELECT dbo.RegexMatch ( '^[0-9]{5,5}([- ]?[0-9]{4,4})?$' , '02115-4653' )
--is this a valid Postcode
SELECT dbo.RegexMatch ( '^([Gg][Ii][Rr] 0[Aa]{2})|((([A-Za-z][0-9]{1,2})|(([A-Za-z][A-Ha
-hJ-Yj-y][0-9]{1,2})|(([A-Za-z][0-9][A-Za-z])|([A-Za-z][A-Ha-hJ-Yj-y][0-9]?[A-Za-z])))
) {0,1}[0-9][A-Za-z]{2})$' , 'RG35 2AQ' )
--is this a valid European date
SELECT dbo.RegexMatch ( '^((((31\/(0?[13578]|1[02]))|((29|30)\/(0?[1,3-9]|1[0-2])))\/(1[
6-9]|[2-9]\d)?\d{2})|(29\/0?2\/(((1[6-9]|[2-9]\d)?(0[48]|[2468][048]|[13579][26])|((16
|[2468][048]|[3579][26])00))))|(0?[1-9]|1\d|2[0-8])\/((0?[1-9])|(1[0-2]))\/((1[6-9]|[2
-9]\d)?\d{2})) (20|21|22|23|[0-1]?\d):[0-5]?\d:[0-5]?\d$' , '12/12/2007 20:15:27' )
--is this a valid currency value (dollar)
SELECT dbo.RegexMatch ( '^\$(\d{1,3}(\,\d{3})*|(\d+))(\.\d{2})?$' , '$34,000.00' )
--is this a valid currency value (Sterling)
SELECT dbo.RegexMatch ( '^\£(\d{1,3}(\,\d{3})*|(\d+))(\.\d{2})?$' ,
'£34,000.00' )
--A valid email address?
SELECT dbo.RegexMatch ( '^(([a-zA-Z0-9!#\$%\^&\*\{\}''`\+=-_\|/\?]+(\.[a-zA-Z0-9!#\$%\^&
\*\{\}''`\+=-_\|/\?]+)*){1,64}@(([A-Za-z0-9]+[A-Za-z0-9-_]*){1,63}\.)*(([A-Za-z0-9]+[A
-Za-z0-9-_]*){3,63}\.)+([A-Za-z0-9]{2,4}\.?)+){1,255}$' , 'Phil.Factor@simple-Talk.com' )
/*
With this function, the passing back of errors is rudimentary. If an OLE error occurs, then a null is passed back.
There are two other basic Regex functions available. With them, you can use regular expressions in all sorts of places in TSQL without having to get to direct grips with the rather awkward OLE interface.
The OLE Regex Replace function
-----------------------------
*/
IF OBJECT_ID ( N'dbo.RegexReplace' ) IS NOT NULLDROP FUNCTION dbo.RegexReplace
GO
CREATE FUNCTION dbo.RegexReplace
(
@pattern VARCHAR ( 255 ),
@replacement VARCHAR ( 255 ),
@Subject VARCHAR ( MAX ),
@global BIT = 1 ,
@Multiline bit = 1
)
RETURNS VARCHAR ( MAX )
/*The RegexReplace function takes three string parameters. The pattern (the regular expression) the replacement expression, and the subject string to do the manipulation to.
The replacement expression is one that can cause difficulties. You can specify an empty string '' as the @replacement text. This will cause the Replace method to return the subject string with all regex matches deleted from it (see "strip all HTML elements out of a string" below).
To re-insert the regex match as part of the replacement, include $& in the replacement text. (see "find a #comment and add a TSQL --" below)
If the regexp contains capturing parentheses, you can use backreferences in the replacement text. $1 in the replacement text inserts the text matched by the first capturing group, $2 the second, etc. up to $9. (e.g. see import delimited text into a database below) To include a literal dollar sign in the replacements, put two consecutive dollar signs in the string you pass to the Replace method.*/
AS BEGIN
DECLARE @objRegexExp INT ,
@objErrorObject INT ,
@strErrorMessage VARCHAR ( 255 ),
@Substituted VARCHAR ( 8000 ),
@hr INT ,
@Replace BIT
SELECT @strErrorMessage = 'creating a regex object'
EXEC @hr = sp_OACreate 'VBScript.RegExp' , @objRegexExp OUT
IF @hr = 0
SELECT @strErrorMessage = 'Setting the Regex pattern' ,
@objErrorObject = @objRegexExp
IF @hr = 0
EXEC @hr = sp_OASetProperty @objRegexExp , 'Pattern' , @pattern
IF @hr = 0 /*By default, the regular expression is case sensitive. Set the IgnoreCase property to True to make it case insensitive.*/
SELECT @strErrorMessage = 'Specifying the type of match'
IF @hr = 0
EXEC @hr = sp_OASetProperty @objRegexExp , 'IgnoreCase' , 1
IF @hr = 0
EXEC @hr = sp_OASetProperty @objRegexExp , 'MultiLine' , @Multiline
IF @hr = 0
EXEC @hr = sp_OASetProperty @objRegexExp , 'Global' , @global
IF @hr = 0
SELECT @strErrorMessage = 'Doing a Replacement'
IF @hr = 0
EXEC @hr = sp_OAMethod @objRegexExp , 'Replace' , @Substituted OUT ,
@subject , @Replacement
/*If the RegExp.Global property is False (the default), Replace will return the @subject string with the first regex match (if any) substituted with the replacement text. If RegExp.Global is true, the @Subject string will be returned with all matches replaced.*/
IF @hr & lt ;& gt ; 0
BEGIN
DECLARE @Source VARCHAR ( 255 ),
@Description VARCHAR ( 255 ),
@Helpfile VARCHAR ( 255 ),
@HelpID INT
EXECUTE sp_OAGetErrorInfo @objErrorObject , @source OUTPUT ,
@Description OUTPUT , @Helpfile OUTPUT , @HelpID OUTPUT
SELECT @strErrorMessage = 'Error whilst '
+ COALESCE ( @strErrorMessage , 'doing something' ) + ', '
+ COALESCE ( @Description , '' )
RETURN @strErrorMessage
END
EXEC sp_OADestroy @objRegexExp
RETURN @Substituted
END
GO
--remove repeated words in text
SELECT dbo.RegexReplace ( '\b(\w+)(?:\s+\1\b)+' , '$1' ,
'Sometimes I cant help help help stuttering' , 1 , 1 )
--find a #comment and add a TSQL --
SELECT dbo.RegexReplace ( '#.*' , '--$&' , '
# this is a comment
first,second,third,fourth' , 1 , 1 )
--replace a url with an HTML anchor
SELECT dbo.RegexReplace (
'\b(https?|ftp|file)://([-A-Z0-9+&@#/%?=~_|!:,.;]*[-A-Z0-9+&@#/%=~_|])' ,
'<a href="$2">$2</a>' ,
'There is this amazing site at http://www.simple-talk.com' , 1 , 1 )
--strip all HTML elements out of a string
SELECT dbo.RegexReplace ( '<(?:[^>''"]*|([''"]).*?\1)*>' ,
'' , '<a href="http://www.simple-talk.com">Simle Talk is wonderful</a><!--This is a comment --> we all love it' , 1 , 1 )
--import delimited text into a database, converting it into insert statements
SELECT dbo.RegexReplace (
'([^\|\r\n]+)[|\r\n]+([^\|\r\n]+)[|\r\n]+([^\|\r\n]+)[|\r\n]+([^\|\r\n]+)[|\r\n]+' ,
'Insert into MyTable (Firstcol,SecondCol, ThirdCol, Fourthcol)
select $1,$2,$3,$4
' , '1|white gloves|2435|24565
2|Sports Shoes|285678|0987
3|Stumps|2845|987
4|bat|29862|4875' , 1 , 1 )
/*
*/
The OLE Regex Find (Execute) function
-----------------------------
This is the most powerful function for doing complex finding and replacing of text. As it passes back detailed records of the hits, including the location and the backreferences, it allows for complex manipulations.
This is written as a table function. The Regex Routine actually passes back a collection for each 'hit'. In the relational world, you'd normally represent this in two tables, so we've returned a left outer join of the two logical tables so as to pass back all the information. This seems to cater for all the uses we can think of. We also append an error column, which should be blank!
*/
IF OBJECT_ID ( N'dbo.RegexFind' ) IS NOT NULLDROP FUNCTION dbo.RegexFind
GO
CREATE FUNCTION RegexFind (
@pattern VARCHAR ( 255 ),
@matchstring VARCHAR ( MAX ),
@global BIT = 1 ,
@Multiline bit = 1 )
RETURNS
@result TABLE
(
Match_ID INT ,
FirstIndex INT ,
length INT ,
Value VARCHAR ( 2000 ),
Submatch_ID INT ,
SubmatchValue VARCHAR ( 2000 ),
Error VARCHAR ( 255 )
)
AS -- columns returned by the function
BEGIN
DECLARE @objRegexExp INT ,
@objErrorObject INT ,
@objMatch INT ,
@objSubMatches INT ,
@strErrorMessage VARCHAR ( 255 ),
@error VARCHAR ( 255 ),
@Substituted VARCHAR ( 8000 ),
@hr INT ,
@matchcount INT ,
@SubmatchCount INT ,
@ii INT ,
@jj INT ,
@FirstIndex INT ,
@length INT ,
@Value VARCHAR ( 2000 ),
@SubmatchValue VARCHAR ( 2000 ),
@objSubmatchValue INT ,
@command VARCHAR ( 8000 ),
@Match_ID INT
DECLARE @match TABLE
(
Match_ID INT IDENTITY ( 1 , 1 )
NOT NULL,
FirstIndex INT NOT NULL,
length INT NOT NULL,
Value VARCHAR ( 2000 )
)
DECLARE @Submatch TABLE
(
Submatch_ID INT IDENTITY ( 1 , 1 ),
match_ID INT NOT NULL,
SubmatchNo INT NOT NULL,
SubmatchValue VARCHAR ( 2000 )
)
SELECT @strErrorMessage = 'creating a regex object' , @error = ''
EXEC @hr = sp_OACreate 'VBScript.RegExp' , @objRegexExp OUT
IF @hr = 0
SELECT @strErrorMessage = 'Setting the Regex pattern' ,
@objErrorObject = @objRegexExp
IF @hr = 0
EXEC @hr = sp_OASetProperty @objRegexExp , 'Pattern' , @pattern
IF @hr = 0
SELECT @strErrorMessage = 'Specifying a case-insensitive match'
IF @hr = 0
EXEC @hr = sp_OASetProperty @objRegexExp , 'IgnoreCase' , 1
IF @hr = 0
EXEC @hr = sp_OASetProperty @objRegexExp , 'MultiLine' , @Multiline
IF @hr = 0
EXEC @hr = sp_OASetProperty @objRegexExp , 'Global' , @global
IF @hr = 0
SELECT @strErrorMessage = 'Doing a match'
IF @hr = 0
EXEC @hr = sp_OAMethod @objRegexExp , 'execute' , @objMatch OUT ,
@matchstring
IF @hr = 0
SELECT @strErrorMessage = 'Getting the number of matches'
IF @hr = 0
EXEC @hr = sp_OAGetProperty @objmatch , 'count' , @matchcount OUT
SELECT @ii = 0
WHILE @hr = 0
AND @ii & lt ; @Matchcount
BEGIN
/*The Match object has four read-only properties.
The FirstIndex property indicates the number of characters in the string to the left of the match.
The Length property of the Match object indicates the number of characters in the match.
The Value property returns the text that was matched.*/
SELECT @strErrorMessage = 'Getting the FirstIndex property' ,
@command = 'item(' + CAST ( @ii AS VARCHAR ) + ').FirstIndex'
IF @hr = 0
EXEC @hr = sp_OAGetProperty @objmatch , @command ,
@Firstindex OUT
IF @hr = 0
SELECT @strErrorMessage = 'Getting the length property' ,
@command = 'item(' + CAST ( @ii AS VARCHAR ) + ').Length'
IF @hr = 0
EXEC @hr = sp_OAGetProperty @objmatch , @command , @Length OUT
IF @hr = 0
SELECT @strErrorMessage = 'Getting the value property' ,
@command = 'item(' + CAST ( @ii AS VARCHAR ) + ').Value'
IF @hr = 0
EXEC @hr = sp_OAGetProperty @objmatch , @command , @Value OUT
INSERT INTO @match
(
Firstindex ,
[Length] ,
[Value]
)
SELLECT @firstindex + 1 ,
@Length ,
@Value
SELECT @Match_ID = @@Identity
/*The SubMatches property of the Match object is a collection of strings. It will only hold values if your regular expression has capturing groups. The collection will hold one string for each capturing group. The Count property (returned as SubmatchCount) indicates the number of string in the collection. The Item property takes an index parameter, and returns the text matched by the capturing group.
*/
IF @hr = 0
SELECT @strErrorMessage = 'Getting the SubMatches collection' ,
@command = 'item(' + CAST ( @ii AS VARCHAR )
+ ').SubMatches'
IF @hr = 0
SELECT @strErrorMessage = 'Getting the number of submatches'
IF @hr = 0
EXEC @hr = sp_OAGetProperty @objSubmatches , 'count' ,
@submatchCount OUT
SELECT @jj = 0
WHILE @hr = 0
AND @jj & lt ; @submatchCount
BEGIN
IF @hr = 0
SELECT @strErrorMessage = 'Getting the submatch value property' ,
@command = 'item(' + CAST ( @jj AS VARCHAR )
+ ')' , @submatchValue = NULL
IF @hr = 0
EXEC @hr = sp_OAGetProperty @objSubmatches , @command ,
@SubmatchValue OUT
INSERT INTO @Submatch
(
Match_ID ,
SubmatchNo ,
SubmatchValue
)
SELECT @Match_ID ,
@jj + 1 ,
@SubmatchValue
SELECT @jj = @jj + 1
END
EXEC @hr = sp_OAGetProperty @objmatch , @command ,
@objSubmatches OUT
SELECT @ii = @ii + 1
END
IF @hr & lt ;& gt ; 0
BEGIN
DECLARE @Source VARCHAR ( 255 ),
@Description VARCHAR ( 255 ),
@Helpfile VARCHAR ( 255 ),
@HelpID INT
EXECUTE sp_OAGetErrorInfo @objErrorObject , @source OUTPUT ,
@Description OUTPUT , @Helpfile OUTPUT , @HelpID OUTPUT
SELECT @Error = 'Error whilst '
+ COALESCE ( @strErrorMessage , 'doing something' ) + ', '
+ COALESCE ( @Description , '' )
END
EXEC sp_OADestroy @objRegexExp
EXEC sp_OADestroy @objMatch
EXEC sp_OADestroy @objSubMatches
INSERT INTO @result
( Match_ID ,
FirstIndex ,
[length] ,
[Value] ,
Submatch_ID ,
SubmatchValue ,
error )
SELECT m.[Match_ID] ,
[FirstIndex] ,
[length] ,
[Value] , [SubmatchNo] ,
[SubmatchValue] , @error
FROM @match m
LEFT OUTER JOIN @submatch s
ON m.match_ID = s.match_ID
IF @@rowcount = 0 AND LEN ( @error )& gt ; 0
INSERT INTO @result ( error ) SELECT @error
RETURN
END
GO
--showing the context where two words 'for' and 'last' are found in proximity
DECLARE @sample VARCHAR ( 2000 )
SELECT @Sample = 'You have failed me for the last time, Admiral.
We have not long to wait for your last gasp'
SELECT '...' + SUBSTRING ( @Sample , Firstindex - 8 , length + 16 )+ '...'
FROM dbo.RegexFind ( '\bfor(?:\W+\w+){0,3}?\W+last\b' ,
@sample , 1 , 1 )
--finding repeated words, showing the repetition and the repeated word
SELECT [repetition] = value , [word] = SubmatchValue FROM dbo.RegexFind ( '\b(\w+)\s+\1\b' ,
'this this is is a repeated word word word' , 1 , 1 )
--Split lines based on a regular expression
SELECT value FROM dbo.regexfind ( '[^\r\n]*(?:[\r\n]*)' ,
'
This is the second line
This is the third
and the fourth' , 1 , 1 ) WHERE length & gt ; 0
--break up all words in a string into separate table rows
SELECT value FROM dbo.RegexFind ( '\b[\w]+\b' ,
'Hickory dickory dock, the mouse ran up the clock' , 1 , 1 )
--split text into keywords and values
SELECT Match_ID ,
[keyword] = MAX ( CASE WHEN submatch_ID = 1 THEN submatchValue ELSE '' END ),
[value] = MAX ( CASE WHEN submatch_ID = 2 THEN submatchValue ELSE '' END )
FROM dbo.RegexFind ( '(\w+)\s*=\s*(.*)\s*' ,
'firstname=Phil
Lastname=Factor
Salary=$200,000
age=unknown to us
Post=DBA' , 1 , 1 ) GROUP BY Match_ID
SELECT * FROM dbo.RegexFind ( '([^\|\r\n]+[\|\r\n]+)' ,
'1|white gloves|2435|24565
2|Sports Shoes|285678|0987
3|Stumps|2845|987
4|bat|29862|4875' , 1 , 1 )
--get valid dates and convert to SQL Server format
SELECT DISTINCT CONVERT ( DATETIME , value , 103 ) FROM dbo.RegexFind ( '\b(0?[1-9]|[12][0-9]|3[01])[- /.](0?[1-9]|1[012])[- /.](19|20?[0-9]{2})\b' , '
12/2/2006 12:30 <> 13/2/2007
32/3/2007
2-4-2007
25.8.2007
1/1/2005
34/2/2104
2/5/2006' , 1 , 1 )
/*
Combining two Regexs
--------------------
Once you've experimented with the regex calls we've provided, you'll realise that you can create some really cool functions and procedures that combine regexs. Here we have a procedure that does a 'google-style' search on text to find the words you specify. It returns the 'context' in that it quotes the substring where the match occurred. You can specify how close the words need to be to specify a 'hit'
*/
IF OBJECT_ID ( N'dbo.FindWordsInContext' ) IS NOT NULLDROP FUNCTION dbo.FindWordsInContext
GO
CREATE FUNCTION dbo.FindWordsInContext
(
@words VARCHAR ( 255 ), --list of words you want searched for
@text VARCHAR ( MAX ), --the text you want searched
@proximity INT --the maximum distance in words between specified words
)
RETURNS @proximityList TABLE
(
Hit INT IDENTITY ( 1 , 1 ),
context VARCHAR ( 2000 )
)
AS BEGIN
DECLARE @Pattern VARCHAR ( 512 )
SELECT @Pattern = COALESCE ( @pattern + '(?:\W+\w+){0,'
+ CAST ( @proximity AS VARCHAR ( 5 )) + '}?\W+' ,
'\b' ) + value
FROM dbo.RegexFind ( '\b[\w]+\b' , @words , 1 , 1 )
INSERT INTO @ProximityList ( context )
SELECT '...' + SUBSTRING ( @text , Firstindex - 8 , length + 16 )
+ '...'
FROM dbo.RegexFind ( @pattern + '\b' , @text , 1 , 1 )
RETURN
END
GO
SELECT * FROM dbo.FindWordsInContext ( 'sadness farewell embark' ,
'Sunset and evening star,
And one clear call for me!
And may there by no moaning of the bar,
When I put out to sea,
But such a tide as moving seems asleep,
Too full for sound and foam,
When that which drew from out the boundless deep
Turns again home.
Twilight and evening bell,
And after that the dark!
And may there be no sadness of farewell,
When I embark;
For tho'' from out our bourne of Time and Place
The flood may bear me far,
I hope to see my Pilot face to face
When I have crost the bar.
' , 8 )
/*
OLE Regex performance
-----------------
Whereas the use of the OLE VBScript.RegExp to scan large chunks of text is fine, it is good for complex validation, and it makes a great testbed for regexes, These OLE functions are too slow for use in queries. The overhead of making the calls is just too high because the performance of OLE in TSQL is not great. See Zach Nichter's excellent article on the subject'Writing to a File Using the sp_OACreate Stored Procedure and OSQL' Here is an example, scanning a databases of nearly 50,000 names of public houses from out XML Jumpstart Workbench.
*/
--5 minutes 28 secs
SELECT COUNT (*) FROM publichouses.dbo.publichouses WHERE name LIKE '%red %'
--less than 50 ms
/*You can reduce the overhead to a quarter of what it was by using a function like this and creating the Regex object before you do the call. This means the Regex Object does not get repeatedly created and destroyed on every call.*/
IF OBJECT_ID ( N'dbo.OARegexMatch' ) IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION dbo.OARegexMatch
GO
CREATE FUNCTION dbo.OARegexMatch /* very simple Function Wrapper around the call */
(
@objRegexExp INT ,
@matchstring VARCHAR ( MAX )
)
RETURNS INT
AS BEGIN
DECLARE @objErrorObject INT ,
@hr INT ,
@match BIT
EXEC @hr = sp_OAMethod @objRegexExp , 'Test' , @match OUT , @matchstring
IF @hr & lt ;& gt ; 0
BEGIN
RETURN NULL
END
RETURN @match
END
GO
/* and now embed the SQL Query within the life-cycle of the Regex object */
DECLARE @objRegexExp INT ,
@objErrorObject INT ,
@strErrorMessage VARCHAR ( 255 ),
@hr INT ,
@match BIT
SELECT @strErrorMessage = 'creating a regex object'
EXEC @hr = sp_OACreate 'VBScript.RegExp' , @objRegexExp OUT
IF @hr = 0
EXEC @hr = sp_OASetProperty @objRegexExp , 'pattern' , '\bred\b'
--Specifying a case-insensitive match
IF @hr = 0
EXEC @hr = sp_OASetProperty @objRegexExp , 'IgnoreCase' , 1
--Doing a Test'
IF @hr = 0
SELECT COUNT (*)
FROM publichouses.dbo.publichouses
WHERE dbo.OARegexMatch ( @objRegexExp , name ) = 1
IF @hr & lt ;& gt ; 0
BEGIN
DECLARE @Source VARCHAR ( 255 ),
@Description VARCHAR ( 255 ),
@Helpfile VARCHAR ( 255 ),
@HelpID INT
EXECUTE sp_OAGetErrorInfo @objErrorObject , @source OUTPUT ,
@Description OUTPUT , @Helpfile OUTPUT , @HelpID OUTPUT
SELECT @strErrorMessage = 'Error whilst '
+ COALESCE ( @strErrorMessage , 'doing something' ) + ', '
+ COALESCE ( @Description , '' )
RAISERROR ( @strErrorMessage , 16 , 1 )
END
EXEC sp_OADestroy @objRegexExp
--1 minute 28 secs
/* it is no consolation for those who are stuck with SQL Server 2000, but the CLR functions are a lot quicker for this sort of usage. */
We've used a range of regex patterns from a number of sources in this workbench. Like a lot of programmers, we collect up snippets we come across, almost always forgetting to record the original author. We therefore apologise in advance for not crediting the source and original author, of regex patterns. As you can guess, they often take a long time and effort to develop. If you spot a regex which we should have cited, please add a comment and let us all know who originally wrote it!
原文：https://www.simple-talk.com/sql/t-sql-programming/tsql-regular-expression-workbench/
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