CentOS 7.6 64 bit MySQL 8.0.23 初始化安装

操作系统：CentOS 7.6 （Minimal安装）

MySQL版本：MySQL 8.0.23

1. 准备最基础信息的my.cnf

本案例my.cnf配置文件是最基础的初始化配置文件，只能保证mysql服务正常开启，并不适用生产环境，

关于更多关于buffer、logfile等性能参数需要根据主机的CPU、MEM/硬盘等硬件环境进行后续相应优化配置

[root@localhost home]# cat /etc/redhat-release

CentOS Linux release 7.6.1810 (Core)

关闭防火墙和selinux

systemctl stop firewall

systemctl disable firewall

vi /etc/selinux/config

enable改成disabled

--安装之前检查系统有没有mariadb客户端，如果有建议删除

[root@localhost home]# rpm -qa|grep mariadb

mariadb-libs-5.5.60-1.el7_5.x86_64

如果不删除使用客户端连接可能会出现以下显示情况

[root@mysql]# mysql -uroot -h127.0.0.1  -p

Enter password:

Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MySQL connection id is 2

Server version: 5.7.31-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MySQL [(none)]>

删除命令如下

[root@mysql]# rpm -e  --nodeps mariadb-libs-5.5.60-1.el7_5.x86_64

warning: /etc/my.cnf saved as /etc/my.cnf.rpmsave

1.1 准备my.cnf 配置文件

vi /etc/my.cnf

[mysqld]

##SERVER ID

server_id=1

##data directory

datadir=/mysql/data

##SOCKET & pid

socket=/tmp/mysql.sock

pid-file=/tmp/mysql.pid

##logfile

log-error=/mysql/log/error.log

log_bin = /mysql/binlog/mysql-bin

binlog_format=ROW

##TRX mode

transaction-isolation = READ-COMMITTED

1.2 配置环境变量

[root@localhost ~]# pwd

/root

1.2.1 添加以下环境变量

[root@localhost ~]# vi .bash_profile

PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin

1.2.2 source 生效当前环境变量

[root@localhost ~]# source .bash_profile

1.2.3 查看生效结果 mysql的环境变量已经在PATH里了

[root@localhost ~]# echo  $PATH

/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin:/root/bin:/usr/local/mysql/bin

2.mysql 数据用户、文件目录初始化

2.1 创建mysql用户、组

[root@mysql~]#groupadd mysql

2.2 创建mysql数据文件目录权限

[root@mysql~]#useradd -r -g mysql -s /bin/false mysql

2.2 创建mysql数据文件目录权限

[root@mysql~]# mkdir -p /mysql/data 

[root@mysql~]# mkdir -p /mysql/log/

[root@mysql~]# mkdir -p /mysql/binlog/

[root@mysql~]# chown -R mysql:mysql  /mysql

[root@mysql~]# chmod -R 775 /mysql/

2.2.1 查看权限

[root@localhost ~]# ls -ld /mysql

drwxrwxr-x. 5 mysql mysql 43 Jan 20 23:19 /mysql

2.3解压安装mysql server

2.3.1 将下载好的mysql-8.0.23-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz文件放在目录/usr/local

2.3.2 解压mysql压缩文件

[root@mysql local]#tar xvf mysql-8.0.23-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz

2.3.3 创建mysql软链接文件

[root@mysql local]#ln -s    mysql-8.0.23-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz   mysql

2.3.4  创建mysql-file 赋权限

[root@mysql local]#cd mysql

[root@mysql mysql]#mkdir mysql-files

[root@mysql mysql]#chown mysql:mysql mysql-files

[root@mysql mysql]#chmod 750 mysql-files

3.初始化mysql server

[root@mysql mysql]#cd /usr/local/mysql

[root@mysql mysql]#bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql

3.1配置ssl

[root@mysql mysql]#bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup

使用mysqld_safe启动mysql

[root@mysql mysql]#bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &

查看3306端口,有3306端口证明mysql已经启动

[root@localhost ~]# ss -ln|grep 3306

tcp    LISTEN     0      128      :::3306                 :::*                 

tcp    LISTEN     0      70       :::33060                :::*

3.2 拷贝mysql.server启动文件到/etc/init.d/

[root@localhost mysql]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql.server

4.查看密码

error log 目录在/mysql/log/中，进入/mysql/log/也可以查看error.log查找mysql初始化密码

[root@localhost mysql]# cd /mysql/log

[root@localhost log]# more error.log

2022-01-20T15:29:37.299456Z 0 [System] [MY-013169] [Server] /usr/local/mysql-8.0.23-

linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/bin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.23) initializing of server in progress

 as process 14675

2022-01-20T15:29:37.306897Z 1 [System] [MY-013576] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization ha

s started.

2022-01-20T15:29:39.553535Z 1 [System] [MY-013577] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization ha

s ended.

2022-01-20T15:29:40.595171Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is ge

nerated for root@localhost: :GfoE%Yqx2aZ

密码是随机码----> :GfoE%Yqx2aZ

5.登录mysql

使用:GfoE%Yqx2aZ密码登录

[root@localhost log]# mysql -uroot -h127.0.0.1 -p

Enter password:

Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MySQL connection id is 14

Server version: 8.0.23

Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its

affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective

owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>

mysql> show databases;

ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement.

6.修改初始化root密码

mysql密码的维度是用户名+主机，修改密码是需要根据用户名和主机的维度来一起修改

mysql> alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by 'mysql1234';

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> flush privileges;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

7.使用新修改的密码登录mysql

mysql -uroot -h127.0.0.1 -p mysql1234

Enter password:

Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MySQL connection id is 8

Server version: 8.0.23 MySQL Community Server - GPL

Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> show databases;

+--------------------+

| Database           |

+--------------------+

| information_schema |

| mysql              |

| performance_schema |

| sys                |

+--------------------+

4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

到此，mysql server最基本的初始化就完成了。