在虚幻引擎中，BoxComponent是一种碰撞组件，它定义了一个长方体形状的边界，用于检测碰撞和重叠事件。它通常用于构建触发器区域，即当其他物体进入或离开这个长方体区域时，会触发相应的事件。
BoxComponent的触发器功能: 当将BoxComponent设置为触发器（即不阻挡物体，但检测重叠）时，它可以用来检测其他碰撞体是否进入或离开它的区域。触发器不会阻挡物体移动，但会发送重叠事件（OnComponentBeginOverlap和OnComponentEndOverlap），从而允许我们在蓝图中或C++中编写逻辑来响应这些事件。
触发器功能在很多游戏场景中非常有用，例如：
陷阱区域：当玩家进入一个区域时，触发陷阱。
检查点：在赛车游戏中，当车辆通过检查点时，记录时间或位置。
门触发器：当玩家靠近门时，自动打开门。
拾取物品：当玩家经过一个物品时，自动拾取。
如何创建一个BoxComponent组件:
如何配置BoxComponent组件:
不知道为啥,这个BoxComponent组件创建后,很多基本的函数和定义不具备需要我们自己写,或者从其他的类中直接复制过来:
//TriggerComponent.h #pragma once #include "CoreMinimal.h" #include "Components/BoxComponent.h" #include "TriggerComponent.generated.h" UCLASS(ClassGroup = (Custom), meta = (BlueprintSpawnableComponent)) class DUNGEONESCAPE_API UTriggerComponent : public UBoxComponent { GENERATED_BODY() public: /*此构造函数用于初始化,只调用一次,初始化的方式还有很多种: 在构造函数初始化,在beginPlay()里面初始化,在UE的细节面板初始化 它们之间的执行顺序是： 构造函数 -> 细节面板（属性覆盖）-> BeginPlay()*/ UTriggerComponent(); protected: // 此组件的初始化 virtual void BeginPlay() override; public: /*此函数每帧调用,;必须在构造函数里面 写了PrimaryComponentTick.bCanEverTick = true;才能使用*/ virtual void TickComponent(float DeltaTime, ELevelTick TickType, FActorComponentTickFunction* ThisTickFunction) override; }//TriggerComponent.cpp UTriggerComponent::UTriggerComponent() { /*将此组件设置为在游戏启动时初始化，并在每一帧都进行更新。 如果您不需要这些功能，可以将其关闭以提高性能。*/ PrimaryComponentTick.bCanEverTick = true; UE_LOG(LogTemp, Display, TEXT("Trigger component is constructed")); } void UTriggerComponent::BeginPlay() { Super::BeginPlay(); } void UTriggerComponent::TickComponent(float DeltaTime, ELevelTick TickType, FActorComponentTickFunction* ThisTickFunction) { Super::TickComponent(DeltaTime, TickType, ThisTickFunction); }
如何理解两个委托类实例:
OnComponentBeginOverlap委托: 其声明, 定义和实例化都在我们引用的祖宗头文件和继承的祖宗类里,无需我们自己操作,直接拿来用就行, 其作用就是存放函数并在触发时调用函数集合;触发的条件是物体重合;检测触发的是UE的物理引擎PhysX,它会检测场景中所有的激活的碰撞组件,这个物理引擎无需程序猿自己调用.
OnComponentEndOverlap委托: 和上面类似,不过这个是在物体从重合状态变成非重合状态时调用的.
OnComponentBeginOverLap委托是一个类的实例,其类的定义如下:
// 委托的固定签名（你不能改变） DECLARE_DYNAMIC_MULTICAST_DELEGATE_SixParams( FComponentBeginOverlapSignature, //委托类名 UPrimitiveComponent* OverlappedComponent, //参数1 AActor* OtherActor, //参数2 UPrimitiveComponent* OtherComp, //参数3 int32 OtherBodyIndex, //参数4 bool bFromSweep, //参数5 const FHitResult& SweepResult //参数6 ); //创建一个实例 FComponentBeginOverlapSignature OnComponentBeginOverlap;
OverlappedComponent 发出重叠事件的组件（即拥有这个事件的组件） OtherActor 参与重叠的另一个Actor（不是当前组件的拥有者，而是另一个Actor） OtherComp 参与重叠的另一个组件（属于OtherActor） OtherBodyIndex 用于物理身体索引（在物理模拟中，多个身体可能共享一个组件，这个索引指定了是哪个身体）。 bFromSweep 一个布尔值，表示重叠是否是由扫描（Sweep）引起的（扫描通常用于移动过程中检测碰撞）,如果物体是走进来的为true,传送进来的为false SweepResult 如果bFromSweep为真，这个结构体包含了扫描命中的详细信息（比如命中位置、法线等）
响应函数的编写:
由于委托在定义的时候就强制规定了所有的函数都必须具备这6个参数, 所以即使你的函数用不到这六个参数,也必须在函数参数列表写入这六个参数.
//TriggerComponent.cpp void UTriggerComponent::OnOverlapBegin(UPrimitiveComponent* OverlappedComp, AActor* OtherActor, UPrimitiveComponent* OtherComp, int32 OtherBodyIndex, bool bFromSweep, const FHitResult& SweepResult) { /* 标记未用的参数,明确告诉编译器"此物无用"(若有警报参数未使用,可写此物以消警报) (void)OtherBodyIndex; (void)bFromSweep; (void)SweepResult; */ if (Mover) { Mover->ShouldMove = true; } } void UTriggerComponent::OnOverlapEnd(UPrimitiveComponent* OverlappedComp, AActor* OtherActor, UPrimitiveComponent* OtherComp, int32 OherBodyIndex) { if (Mover) { Mover->ShouldMove = false; } } //此函数在BeginPlay()调用即可完成绑定委托 void UTriggerComponent::BindDelegates(){ OnComponentBeginOverlap.AddDynamic(this, &UTriggerComponent::OnOverlapBegin); OnComponentEndOverlap.AddDynamic(this, &UTriggerComponent::OnOverlapEnd); }
简单的例子:
假设我们需要创建一个压力板,用来控制一个房间的门,压力板被触发--门上升打开,松开--门下降关闭.
先解决门的问题:
我们的目的是用压力板控制门, 那么我们需要建立压力板和门的链接, 由于只需用压力板控制门, 门无需控制压力板, 所以我们只需在压力板核心组件---碰撞箱 内存放门的指针, 然后把门指针在蓝图中存放进去就可以建立单向链接了
门的实现已经完成,由一个Mover组件的参数ShouldMove控制,ShouldMove=true 开门,ShouldMove= false 关门;我们可以先获取到门Actor的指针,然后再在门的里面找Mover组件,然后可以得到Mover的指针,然后就可以用Mover指针控制ShouldMove变量了.
1. 在UTriggerComponent类里面定义两个成员变量AActor* MoverActor;UMover* Mover;
UPROPERTY(EditAnywhere) AActor* MoverActor; UMover* Mover;2. 进入UE的UTriggerComponent面板找到MoverActor变量,然后把场景里的门绑定到这个变量;
3. 在BeginPlay()里,利用Mover = MoverActor->FindComponentByClass<UMover>();找到Mover指针
if (MoverActor != nullptr) { Mover = MoverActor->FindComponentByClass<UMover>(); if (Mover != nullptr) { UE_LOG(LogTemp, Display, TEXT("Successfully found the mover component")); } else { UE_LOG(LogTemp, Display, TEXT("Mover is nullptr")); } } else { UE_LOG(LogTemp, Display, TEXT("MoverActor is nullptr")); }
解决压力板的问题:
向委托OnComponentBeginOverlap和OnComponentEndOverlap中写入函数OnOverlapBegin()和OnOverlapEnd();
然后在场景内加入立方体用来搭载触发器组件:
在组件面板找到触发器:
碰撞箱调整:
图左 黄色物体就是碰撞箱:如果你没找到, 可能是和方块重叠了, 你需要把他从方块里拖出来, 然后你可以把方块弄扁, 让方块看起来像个压力板.
使其达到 图右 这个效果就可以了, 白色部分是方块被我们压扁了, 实际上触发效果的是方框部分, 白色部分只是装饰
响应函数编写:
虽然你已经创建了压力板碰撞箱组件, 并且把场景需要控制的物体的指针给到了碰撞箱组件, 但是目前你还不能直接使用这个压力板, 因为你还没为触发和离开碰撞箱组件绑定响应函数, 因此你需要写两个响应函数,具体函数怎么写, 我在委托讲解的文章里详细讲了, 因为这涉及到了委托的机制:
草履虫也能看懂的虚幻引擎的委托机制https://blog.csdn.net/Howrun777/article/details/155206084代码如下:
//TriggerComponent.cpp void UTriggerComponent::OnOverlapBegin(UPrimitiveComponent* OverlappedComp, AActor* OtherActor, UPrimitiveComponent* OtherComp, int32 OtherBodyIndex, bool bFromSweep, const FHitResult& SweepResult) { /* 标记未用的参数,明确告诉编译器"此物无用"(若有警报参数未使用,可写此物以消警报) (void)OtherBodyIndex; (void)bFromSweep; (void)SweepResult; */ if (Mover) { Mover->ShouldMove = true; } } void UTriggerComponent::OnOverlapEnd(UPrimitiveComponent* OverlappedComp, AActor* OtherActor, UPrimitiveComponent* OtherComp, int32 OherBodyIndex) { if (Mover) { Mover->ShouldMove = false; } } //此函数在BeginPlay()调用即可完成绑定委托 void UTriggerComponent::BindDelegates(){ OnComponentBeginOverlap.AddDynamic(this, &UTriggerComponent::OnOverlapBegin); OnComponentEndOverlap.AddDynamic(this, &UTriggerComponent::OnOverlapEnd); }
下面是全部代码:
//TriggerComponent.h
// Fill out your copyright notice in the Description page of Project Settings.
#pragma once
#include "CoreMinimal.h"
#include "Components/BoxComponent.h"
#include "Mover.h"
#include "TriggerComponent.generated.h"
UCLASS(ClassGroup = (Custom), meta = (BlueprintSpawnableComponent))
class DUNGEONESCAPE_API UTriggerComponent : public UBoxComponent
{
GENERATED_BODY()
public:
UTriggerComponent();
protected:
// Called when the game starts
virtual void BeginPlay() override;
public:
// Called every frame
virtual void TickComponent(float DeltaTime, ELevelTick TickType,
FActorComponentTickFunction* ThisTickFunction) override;
UPROPERTY(EditAnywhere)
bool IsPressurePlate = false;
UPROPERTY(EditAnywhere)
AActor* MoverActor;
UMover* Mover;
UFUNCTION()
void OnOverlapBegin(UPrimitiveComponent* OverlappedComp, AActor* OtherActor,
UPrimitiveComponent* OtherComp, int32 OtherBodyIndex, bool bFromSweep, const FHitResult&
SweepResult);
UFUNCTION()
void OnOverlapEnd(UPrimitiveComponent* OverlappedComp, AActor* OtherActor,
UPrimitiveComponent* OtherComp, int32 OherBodyIndex);
};
//TriggerComponent.cpp
#include "TriggerComponent.h"
//构造函数(只调用一次,组件初始化时)
UTriggerComponent::UTriggerComponent()
{
//这里bCanEverTick=true可以允许组件使用TickComponent()函数,每帧调用
PrimaryComponentTick.bCanEverTick = true;
}
//此函数每帧调用
void UTriggerComponent::BeginPlay()
{
Super::BeginPlay();
if (MoverActor != nullptr) {
Mover = MoverActor->FindComponentByClass<UMover>();
if (Mover != nullptr) {
UE_LOG(LogTemp, Display, TEXT("Successfully found the mover component"));
}
else {
UE_LOG(LogTemp, Display, TEXT("Mover is nullptr"));
}
}
else {
UE_LOG(LogTemp, Display, TEXT("MoverActor is nullptr"));
}
UE_LOG(LogTemp, Display, TEXT("Trigger component is alive!"));
//IsPressurePlate是一个bool类型的成员变量,用于控制是否开启压力板检测,本质是控制是否绑定门开启的函数
if (IsPressurePlate) {
OnComponentBeginOverlap.AddDynamic(this, &UTriggerComponent::OnOverlapBegin);
OnComponentEndOverlap.AddDynamic(this, &UTriggerComponent::OnOverlapEnd);
}
}
void UTriggerComponent::TickComponent(float DeltaTime, ELevelTick TickType, FActorComponentTickFunction* ThisTickFunction)
{
Super::TickComponent(DeltaTime, TickType, ThisTickFunction);
}
/*第一个绑定函数:此函数通过修改门的Mover组件的ShouldMove变量, 控制门的移动,
函数名可自定义,参数必须严格符合OnComponentBeginOverlap委托的定义*/
void UTriggerComponent::OnOverlapBegin(UPrimitiveComponent* OverlappedComp, AActor* OtherActor, UPrimitiveComponent* OtherComp, int32 OtherBodyIndex, bool bFromSweep, const FHitResult& SweepResult)
{
/*
标记未用的参数,明确告诉编译器"此物无用"(若有警报参数未使用,可写此物以消警报)
(void)OtherBodyIndex;
(void)bFromSweep;
(void)SweepResult;
*/
if (Mover) {
Mover->ShouldMove = true;
}
}
//第二个绑定函数:函数名可自定义,参数必须严格符合OnComponentEndOverlap委托的定义
void UTriggerComponent::OnOverlapEnd(UPrimitiveComponent* OverlappedComp, AActor* OtherActor, UPrimitiveComponent* OtherComp, int32 OherBodyIndex)
{
if (Mover) {
Mover->ShouldMove = false;
}
}下面是关于门的Mover组件的代码:
//Mover.h
// Fill out your copyright notice in the Description page of Project Settings.
#pragma once
#include "CoreMinimal.h"
#include "Components/ActorComponent.h"
#include "Mover.generated.h"
UCLASS( ClassGroup=(Custom), meta=(BlueprintSpawnableComponent) )
class DUNGEONESCAPE_API UMover : public UActorComponent
{
GENERATED_BODY()
public:
// Sets default values for this component's properties
UMover();
protected:
// Called when the game starts
virtual void BeginPlay() override;
public:
// Called every frame
virtual void TickComponent(float DeltaTime, ELevelTick TickType,
FActorComponentTickFunction* ThisTickFunction) override;
UPROPERTY(EditAnywhere)
FVector MoveOffset;
UPROPERTY(EditAnywhere)
float MoveTime = 4.0f;
UPROPERTY(EditAnywhere)
bool ShouldMove = false;
UPROPERTY(VisibleAnywhere)
bool ReachedTarget = false;
FVector TargetLocation;
FVector StartLocation;
};
//Mover.cpp
// Fill out your copyright notice in the Description page of Project Settings.
#include "Math/UnrealMathUtility.h"
#include "Mover.h"
// Sets default values for this component's properties
UMover::UMover()
{
// Set this component to be initialized when the game starts, and to be ticked every frame. You can turn these features
// off to improve performance if you don't need them.
PrimaryComponentTick.bCanEverTick = true;
// ...
}
// Called when the game starts
void UMover::BeginPlay()
{
Super::BeginPlay();
StartLocation = GetOwner()->GetActorLocation();
// ...
ShouldMove = false; // 强制设置为false
TargetLocation = StartLocation;
}
// Called every frame
void UMover::TickComponent(float DeltaTime, ELevelTick TickType, FActorComponentTickFunction* ThisTickFunction)
{
Super::TickComponent(DeltaTime, TickType, ThisTickFunction);
UE_LOG(LogTemp, Display, TEXT("%d"),ShouldMove);
if (ShouldMove==true) {
TargetLocation = StartLocation + MoveOffset;
}
else if (ShouldMove == false) {
TargetLocation = StartLocation;
}
FVector CurrentLocation = GetOwner()->GetActorLocation();
ReachedTarget = CurrentLocation.Equals(TargetLocation);
if (ReachedTarget == false) {
float Speed = MoveOffset.Length() / MoveTime;
FVector NewLocation = FMath::VInterpConstantTo(CurrentLocation,
TargetLocation, DeltaTime, Speed);
GetOwner()->SetActorLocation(NewLocation);
UE_LOG(LogTemp, Display, TEXT("%s is at location %s"),
*GetOwner()->GetActorNameOrLabel(), *CurrentLocation.ToCompactString());
}
}
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