Composite Pattern(组合模式)

/*
 * Composite Pattern(组合模式）
 * 在程序里面，经常需要对树形结构（如菜单，文件等都是树形结构）进行访问，composite Pattern就是对为了实现对树型结构提供一致的访问接口
 * 定义：
 * allow you to composite objects into tree structures to represent part-whole hierachies.composite
 * lets client treat individual objects and composition of object uniformly;
 *
 * 下面是一个模拟文件树型结构的composite Pattern的应用
 * 首先抽象类是FileComponent，File文件叶子类和FileFolder文件夹类继承于FileComponent
 * FileComponent提供基本的抽象接口，对于继承类来说，如果没有实现该接口，会自动抛出异常UnDefineException
 *
 *
 *
 * 另外，对于Iterator可以与Composite结合起来使用，其中一个例子结构如下：
 * -FileRoot
 *  --file1
 *  --Folder1
 *   -- file2
 *   -- Folder11(Folder11是所使用的容器是Vector）
 *    -file3
 *    -file4
 *   -- Folder12（Folder12所使用的容器是Array)
 *    -file5
 *    -file6
 *  这是就需要对Folder11，Folder12使用Iterator模式提供统一接口Iterator
 *  这样就可以继续对其一致的访问接口（具体参照Iterator模式）
 *
 * 可以看出，Iterator 是对于“水平”结构提供一致访问内部访问接口，而Composite是对于结构本身的访问，相对于Iterator来说的类内部
 * 构造结构来说是有所不同的，
 * 如上面的例子来说，对于Composite模式来说，只关心对整个树结构提供一致接口功能，而不关心是如何迭代（Iterator）出来的，而对于
 * 具体一个Folder来说，就需要关心Iterator了，因为具体的内部怎么构造容器，不同的容器就需要构造不同的Iterator来实现统一迭代接口
 *
 */

import java.lang.*; import java.util.*; class UnDefineException extends Exception{ public UnDefineException(){} } abstract class FileComponent{ public void add(FileComponent file) throws UnDefineException{ throw new UnDefineException(); } public void remove() throws UnDefineException{ throw new UnDefineException(); } public void print() throws UnDefineException{ throw new UnDefineException(); } public String getName() throws UnDefineException{ throw new UnDefineException(); } public int getSize() throws UnDefineException{ throw new UnDefineException(); } public String getDescription() throws UnDefineException{ throw new UnDefineException(); } public void setName(String n) throws UnDefineException{ throw new UnDefineException(); } public void setDescription(String d) throws UnDefineException{ throw new UnDefineException(); } public Vector getVec() throws UnDefineException{ throw new UnDefineException(); } } class File extends FileComponent{ private String name; private int size; private String descr; public File(String n,int s,String de){ name = n; descr = de; size = s; } public void print() throws UnDefineException{ System.out.println("-----File :" + name + "-----Size :" + size + "-----Description :" + descr); } public void setName(String n) throws UnDefineException{ name = n; } public void setDescription(String de) throws UnDefineException{ descr = de; } public String getName() throws UnDefineException{ return name; } public int getSize() throws UnDefineException{ return size; } public String getDescription() throws UnDefineException{ return descr; } } class FileFolder extends FileComponent{ private String name; private int size; private String descr; private Vector vecFile; public FileFolder(String n,String de){ name = n; size = 0; descr = de; vecFile = new Vector(); } public void add(FileComponent f){ vecFile.addElement(f); try{ size += f.getSize(); }catch(UnDefineException e){ System.out.println("UnDefineException !!"); } } public void remove(){ vecFile.remove(vecFile.size()-1); } public void setName(String n){ name = n; } public void setDescription(String de){ descr = de; } public void setSize(int s){ size =s; } public int getSize(){ return size; } public String getName(){ return name; } public String getDescription(){ return descr; } public void print(){ System.out.println("**FileFolder :" + getName() + "-----Size :" + getSize() + "-----Description :" + getDescription()); Iterator iter = vecFile.iterator(); //internal Iterator while(iter.hasNext()){ try{ ((FileComponent)iter.next()).print(); }catch(UnDefineException e){ System.out.println("UnDefineException !!"); } } } } public class MenuTestDrive { public static void main(String []args){ FileComponent fileSys = new FileFolder("root","The root Folder"); FileComponent file1 = new File("t.txt",1,"file1"); FileComponent file2 = new File("a.mp3",5,"file2"); FileComponent file3 = new File("a.cpp",1,"file3"); FileComponent file4 = new File("m.java",1,"file4"); FileComponent file5 = new File("dd.java",1,"file5"); FileComponent folder1 = new FileFolder("Code1","folder1"); FileComponent folder2 = new FileFolder("Code2","folder2"); FileComponent folder3 = new FileFolder("Code3","folder3"); try{ fileSys.add(file1); fileSys.add(file2); fileSys.add(folder1); folder1.add(folder2); folder1.add(file4); folder1.add(file5); printSystem(fileSys); }catch(UnDefineException e){ System.out.println("UnDefineException !!"); } } public static void printSystem(FileComponent f){ try{ f.print(); }catch(Exception e){} } }