C++阻塞套接字的使用实战

一 点睛

当使用函数socket创建套接字时，默认都是阻塞模式。阻塞模式是指套接字在执行操作时，调用函数在没有完成操作之前不会立即返回的工作模式。这里意味着当调用API函数时，不能立即完成时，线程处于等待状态，直到操作完成。但并不是所有的Linux socket API以阻塞套接字为参数调用都会阻塞。例如，以阻塞模式的套接字为参数调用bind(),listen()时，函数会立即返回。这里将可能阻塞套接字的Linux API分为以下4种。

1 接收连接函数accept

2 发送函数send和sendto

3 接收函数recv

4 连接函数connect

二 一个简单的服务器客户机聊天程序（阻塞套接版）

1 服务端程序（服务端的IP是192.168.0.110）

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <string.h>
#include "unistd.h"
#include "errno.h"
#include <arpa/inet.h> //for inet_ntoa

int main()
{
    int sfp,nfp;
    struct sockaddr_in s_add,c_add;
    socklen_t sin_size;
    unsigned short portnum=10051;

    printf("Hello,I am a server,Welcome to connect me !\r\n");
    sfp = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
    if(-1 == sfp)
    {
        printf("socket fail ! \r\n");
        return -1;
    }
    printf("socket ok !\r\n");


    int on = 1;
    setsockopt( sfp, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &on, sizeof(on) );//允许地址的立即重用


    bzero(&s_add,sizeof(struct sockaddr_in));
    s_add.sin_family=AF_INET;
    s_add.sin_addr.s_addr=htonl(INADDR_ANY);
    s_add.sin_port=htons(portnum);

    if(-1 == bind(sfp,(struct sockaddr *)(&s_add), sizeof(struct sockaddr)))
    {
        printf("bind fail:%d!\r\n",errno);
        return -1;
    }
    printf("bind ok !\r\n");

    if(-1 == listen(sfp,5))
    {
        printf("listen fail !\r\n");
        return -1;
    }
    printf("listen ok\r\n");

    while(1)
    {
        sin_size = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);

        nfp = accept(sfp, (struct sockaddr *)(&c_add), &sin_size);
        if(-1 == nfp)
        {
            printf("accept fail !\r\n");
            return -1;
        }
        printf("accept ok!\r\nServer start get connect from ip=%s,port=%d\r\n",inet_ntoa(c_add.sin_addr)  ,ntohs(c_add.sin_port));


        if(-1 == write(nfp,"hello,client,you are welcome! \r\n",32))
        {
            printf("write fail!\r\n");
            return -1;
        }
        printf("write ok!\r\n");
        close(nfp);

        puts("continue to listen(y/n)?");
        char ch[2];
        scanf("%s", ch, 2); //读控制台两个字符，包括回车符
        if (ch[0] != 'y') //如果不是y就退出循环
            break;


    }

    printf("bye!\n");
    close(sfp);
    return 0;
}

2 客户端程序（客户机的IP是192.168.0.120）

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h> //for inet_addr
#include "unistd.h"  //for read

int main()
{
    int cfd;
    int recbytes;
    int sin_size;
    char buffer[1024]={0};   
    struct sockaddr_in s_add,c_add;
    unsigned short portnum=10051;
    char ip[]="192.168.0.110";

    printf("this is client\r\n");

    cfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
    if(-1 == cfd)
    {
        printf("socket fail ! \r\n");
        return -1;
    }
    printf("socket ok !\r\n");

    bzero(&s_add,sizeof(struct sockaddr_in));
    s_add.sin_family=AF_INET;
    s_add.sin_addr.s_addr= inet_addr(ip);
    s_add.sin_port=htons(portnum);



    if(-1 == connect(cfd,(struct sockaddr *)(&s_add), sizeof(struct sockaddr)))
    {
        printf("connect fail !\r\n");
        return -1;
    }
    printf("connect ok !\r\n");

    if(-1 == (recbytes = read(cfd,buffer,1024)))
    {
        printf("read data fail !\r\n");
        return -1;
    }
    printf("read ok:");

    buffer[recbytes]='\0';
    printf("%s\r\n",buffer);

    printf("press any key to quit");
    getchar();
    close(cfd);
    return 0;
}

3 运行

第一步：服务端编译并运行

[root@localhost test]# g++ test.cpp -o test
[root@localhost test]# ./test
Hello,I am a server,Welcome to connect me !
socket ok !
bind ok !
listen ok

第二步：客户端编译并运行

[root@localhost test]# g++ client.cpp -o client
[root@localhost test]# ./client
this is client
socket ok !
connect ok !
read ok:hello,client,you are welcome!

第三步：服务端结果如下

[root@localhost test]# g++ test.cpp -o test
[root@localhost test]# ./test
Hello,I am a server,Welcome to connect me !
socket ok !
bind ok !
listen ok
accept ok!
Server start get connect from ip=192.168.0.120,port=41676
write ok!
continue to listen(y/n)?
n
bye!