用Restful方式调用WCF进行上传下载

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本文介绍如何使用Restful方式通过WCF服务实现文件上传和下载。文章详细阐述了利用System.IO.Stream类型配合正确的ContentType设置来传输原始数据的方法，并通过一个实际案例展示了具体的实现步骤。

用Restful方式调用WCF进行上传下载

2008-07-16 21:36

原文：用Restful方式调用WCF进行上传下载

在前面几篇文章中，分别就WCF如何与Ajax交互，如何返回json数据给Ajax，如何为ExtJs控件提供数据，如何用Http的访问方式异步调用 Restful的WCF服务，本文着重讲述如何用Restful方式调用WCFl进行文件的上传和下载。在前面的文章中，曾经写过Restful的WCF 支持两种格式的请求和响应的数据格式：1）XML 2) JSON。事实上WCF不光支持上述两种格式，它还支持原生数据(Raw,来源于Carlos' blog)。这样一来，WCF的Restful方式实际上支持任意一种格式的，因为原生的即表明可以是任意一种格式，WCF从客户端到服务端，从服务端到客户端都会保持这种数据的原来的数据格式。通过查阅MSDN中WebMessageEncodingBindingElement 类的说明：也能找到上述的论证

首先总结一下如何在Restful的WCF的服务端和客户端传递原生的数据(Raw),在WCF中，返回值或者参数为System.IO.Stream或者 System.IO.Stream的派生类型的时候，加配上HTTP请求和Restful服务操作响应消息中的ContentType，便能实现原生数据的传输。

下面通过一个上传和下载图片文件的项目示例来演示如上的结论。

第一步：在VS2008中，创建一个解决方案：WcfBinaryRestful，包括四个项目：如下图所示：

其中各个项目的说明如下表所述：

项目名称	说明
WcfBinaryRestful.Contracts	WCF服务的契约部分
WcfBinaryRestful.Service	WCF服务具体实现部分
WcfBinaryRestful.Host	WCF服务的Console程序的承载程序
WcfBinaryRestful.Client	客户端

第二步：在WcfBinaryRestful.Contracts中创建并设计服务契约IService.cs,代码如下：

using System;

using System.Collections.Generic;

using System.Linq;

using System.Text;

using System.ServiceModel;

namespace WcfBinaryRestful.Contracts

{

[ServiceContract]

public interface IService

{

[OperationContract]

System.IO.Stream ReadImg();

[OperationContract]

void ReceiveImg(System.IO.Stream stream);

}

其中ReadImg方法用于提供jpg图片文件，供客户端下载，而ReceiveImg用于接收客户端上传的jpg图片

第三步：在WcfBinaryRestful.Service项目中创建并设计服务具体实现类:Service.cs

using System;

using System.Collections.Generic;

using System.Linq;

using System.Text;

using System.ServiceModel.Web;

using System.Drawing;

using System.Diagnostics;

namespace WcfBinaryRestful.Service

{

public class Service : Contracts.IService

{

[WebInvoke(Method = "*", UriTemplate = "ReadImg")]

public System.IO.Stream ReadImg()

{

string runDir = System.Environment.CurrentDirectory;

string imgFilePath = System.IO.Path.Combine(runDir, "jillzhanglogo.jpg");

System.IO.FileStream fs = new System.IO.FileStream(imgFilePath, System.IO.FileMode.Open);

System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(2000);

WebOperationContext.Current.OutgoingResponse.ContentType = "image/jpeg";

return fs;

}

[WebInvoke(Method = "*", UriTemplate = "ReceiveImg")]

public void ReceiveImg(System.IO.Stream stream)

{

Debug.WriteLine(WebOperationContext.Current.IncomingRequest.ContentType);

System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(3000);

string runDir = System.Environment.CurrentDirectory;

string imgFilePath = System.IO.Path.Combine(runDir, "ReceiveImg.jpg");

Image bmp = Bitmap.FromStream(stream);

bmp.Save(imgFilePath);

}

第四步：用配置的方式，创建服务承载项目：WcfBinaryRestful.Host。并使得服务可以用Restful方式访问。

Host.cs

using System;

using System.Collections.Generic;

using System.Linq;

using System.Text;

using System.ServiceModel;

namespace WcfBinaryRestful.Host

{

public class Host

{

static void Main()

{

using (ServiceHost host = new ServiceHost(typeof(Service.Service)))

{

host.Open();

Console.WriteLine("服务已经启动！");

Console.Read();

}

App.config

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>

<system.serviceModel>

<host>

</baseAddresses>

</host>

</service>

</services>

</behavior>

</endpointBehaviors>

</behaviors>

</system.serviceModel>

</configuration>

第五步：实现客户端程序

Form1.cs
Form1.cs
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace WcfBinaryRestful.Client
{
    public partial class Form1 : Form
    {
        public Form1()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }
        System.Net.WebClient wc;
        private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            wc = new System.Net.WebClient();

            SaveFileDialog op = new SaveFileDialog();
            if (op.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK)
            {
                wc.DownloadFileAsync(new Uri("http://127.0.0.1:9874/ReadImg"), op.FileName);
                wc.DownloadFileCompleted += new AsyncCompletedEventHandler(wc_DownloadFileCompleted);
                button2.Enabled = true;
                button1.Enabled = false;
            }

        }

        void wc_DownloadFileCompleted(object sender, AsyncCompletedEventArgs e)
        {
            if (e.Cancelled)
            {
                button2.Enabled = false;
                button1.Enabled = true;
                MessageBox.Show("用户已经取消下载！");
                return;
            }
            using (System.Net.WebClient wc = e.UserState as System.Net.WebClient)
            {
                button2.Enabled = false;
                button1.Enabled = true;
                MessageBox.Show("下载完毕!");
            }
        }

        private void button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            if (wc != null)
            {
                wc.CancelAsync();
            }
        }

        System.Net.WebClient uploadWc = new System.Net.WebClient();
        private void button3_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            OpenFileDialog op = new OpenFileDialog();
            op.Filter = "jpg文件(*.jpg)|*.jpg";
            if (op.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK)
            {
                uploadWc.Headers.Add("Content-Type", "image/jpeg");
                System.IO.FileStream fs = new System.IO.FileStream(op.FileName,System.IO.FileMode.Open);
                byte[] buffer = new byte[(int)fs.Length];
                fs.Read(buffer, 0, (int)fs.Length);
                fs.Close();
                uploadWc.UploadDataCompleted += new System.Net.UploadDataCompletedEventHandler(uploadWc_UploadDataCompleted);
                uploadWc.UploadDataAsync(new Uri("http://127.0.0.1:9874/ReceiveImg"), buffer);
                button3.Enabled = false;
                button4.Enabled = true;
            }
        }
}