Vi 速查手册(摘自www.talug.org)

Two Modes

VI consists of two modes, command and insert. In command mode, anything typed is taken as an editing command. In insert mode, typed text is inserted into the current document. In both cases, <ESC> will either end a partial command or exit insert mode.

Insert Mode

In insert mode, the keyboard behaves like a typewriter. Keystrokes appear as screen text after typing any of the following commands.

I - Insert text at the beginning of the line

i - Insert text at the cursor

A - Append text at the end of the line

a - Append text after the cursor

O - Open a new line of text above the cursor

o - Open a new line of text below the cursor

<ESC> - Exit insert mode, enter command mode

Command Mode

In command mode, keystrokes perform functions such as moving the cursor, searching for patterns, or quitting from the document. All commands are referenced from the current cursor position.

Cursor Movement

Arrow Keys Move one space in any direction

h,j,kl - move left,down,up,right respectively

G - Go to the last line in the file

nG - Go to line n

w - Move forward to the next word

b - Move backwards to the previous word

$ - Move to the end of the line

0 or | - Move to the beginning of the line

n| - Move to position n on the current line

<ctrl>+d - Scroll down 1/2 screen

<ctrl>+u - Scroll up 1/2 screen

<ctrl>+b - Scroll up Full

<ctrl>+f - Scroll down Full

Searching

/string - Search for a string (pattern) of characters

n - Search for the next occurrence of the string

N - Search for the previous occurrence of the string

:%s/str1/str2/g - Replace all occurrences of str1 with str2

Copying Text

yy - Copy a line to the buffer

nyy - Copy an n number of lines to the buffer

P - Paste text from the buffer above current line

p - Paste text from the buffer below current line

Changing Text

r - Mark a single character for replacement

R - go into over-write mode

cw - Mark a word for changing

cc - Mark a line for changing

~ - Change the case of the current letter

Miscellaneous Commands

J - Join a line with the one below it

!cmd - Execute a Unix command

:r - file Read a file into vi

:r!(cmd) - Inserts the results of a Unix command

. - Repeat the last command

u - Undo the last command/change

<ctrl>v - Insert non-printing control character

<ctrl>g - Show filename and current line

Saving and Exiting

:w - Write (save) the file

:w! - Force overwrite

:wq - Write (save) and quit the editor

:q! - Quit the file without saving changes

ZZ - Write (save) the file and quit vi

:n,mwfile write lines numbered n through m to file

:n,mw>>file append lines numbered n through m to end of file

Deleting Text

x - Delete a single character

dw - Delete a word

dd - Delete an entire line

ndd - Delete an n number of lines

d$ or D - Delete from the cursor to the end of the line

Entering vi

vi filename(s) - edit a file or files

vi -r filename - retrieve saved version of file after crash

vi -x filename - edit encrypted file

vi -wn filename - set default window size to n

Setting Options

Options are either toggled on and off, or given values. When editing, set options for a file with the set command.

:set all - displays all option settings on your terminal

:set - displays settings set by any current changes

:set option - sets option

:set option=n - sets option and assigns it the value of n

:set nooption - unsets option

:set option? - displays setting of option on status line