文章目录
一、使用spring的IoC的实现账户的CRUD
1、需求和技术要求
(1)需求
实现账户的 CRUD 操作
(2)技术要求
使用 spring 的 IoC 实现对象的管理
使用 DBAssit 作为持久层解决方案
使用 c3p0 数据源
(3)编写数据库
create table account(
id int primary key auto_increment,
name varchar(40),
money float
)character set utf8 collate utf8_general_ci;
insert into account(name,money) values('aaa',1000);
insert into account(name,money) values('bbb',1000);
insert into account(name,money) values('ccc',1000);
2、代码
(1)持久层
实体类
/**
* 账户的实体类
* @author
*/
public class Account implements Serializable{
private Integer id;
private String name;
private Float money;
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Float getMoney() {
return money;
}
public void setMoney(Float money) {
this.money = money;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Account [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", money=" + money + "]";
}
}
持久层接口
/**
* 账户的持久层方法
* @author
*
*/
public interface IAccountDao {
/**
* 查询所有
* @return
*/
List<Account> findAllAccount();
Account findAccountById(Integer id);
void saveAccount(Account account);
void updateAccount(Account account);
void deleteAccount(Integer id);
}
持久层实现类
public class AccountDao implements IAccountDao{
private QueryRunner runner;//!-- 在构造方法中:配置数据源 -->
public void setRunner(QueryRunner runner) {
this.runner = runner;
}
public List<Account> findAllAccount() {
try {
return runner.query("select * from account",new BeanListHandler<Account>(Account.class));
} catch (SQLException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
public Account findAccountById(Integer id) {
try {
return runner.query("select * from account where id=?",new BeanHandler<Account>(Account.class),id);
} catch (SQLException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
public void saveAccount(Account account) {
try {
runner.update("insert into account(name,money) values(?,?)",account.getName(),account.getMoney());
} catch (SQLException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
public void updateAccount(Account account) {
try {
runner.update("update account set name=?,money=? where id=?",account.getName(),account.getMoney(),account.getId());
} catch (SQLException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
public void deleteAccount(Integer id) {
try {
runner.update("delete from account where id=?",id);
} catch (SQLException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
}
(2)业务层
业务层接口
public interface IAccountService {
/**
* 查询所有
* @return
*/
List<Account> findAllAccount();
Account findAccountById(Integer id);
void saveAccount(Account account);
void updateAccount(Account account);
void deleteAccount(Integer id);
}
业务层实现类
/**
* 账户的业务层实现类
* @author
*
*/
public class AccountServiceImpl implements IAccountService{
private IAccountDao accountDao;
public void setAccountDao(IAccountDao accountDao) {
this.accountDao = accountDao;
}
public List<Account> findAllAccount() {
return accountDao.findAllAccount();
}
public Account findAccountById(Integer id) {
return accountDao.findAccountById(id);
}
public void saveAccount(Account account) {
accountDao.saveAccount(account);
}
public void updateAccount(Account account) {
accountDao.updateAccount(account);
}
public void deleteAccount(Integer id) {
accountDao.deleteAccount(id);
}
}
(3)配置文件
pom.xml
<dependencies>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-context -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>5.0.2.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>8.0.17</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/commons-dbutils/commons-dbutils -->
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-dbutils</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-dbutils</artifactId>
<version>1.4</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>c3p0</groupId>
<artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
<version>0.9.1.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.10</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
bean.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<!-- 配置service对象 -->
<bean id="accountService" class="com.itheima.service.impl.AccountServiceImpl">
<!-- set方法注入dao -->
<property name="accountDao" ref="accountDao"></property>
</bean>
<!-- 配合dao -->
<bean id="accountDao" class="com.itheima.dao.impl.AccountDao">
<!-- set方法注入runner -->
<property name="runner" ref="runner"></property>
</bean>
<!-- 配置QueryRunner(DBUtils依赖) -->
<bean id="runner" class="org.apache.commons.dbutils.QueryRunner" scope="prototype">
<!-- 此处我们只注入了数据源,表明每条语句独立事务-->
<!-- 注入数据源(构造方法注入)constructor-arg -->
<constructor-arg name="ds" ref="dataSource"></constructor-arg>
</bean>
<!-- 配置数据源 (c3p0依赖)-->
<bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
<!-- 连接数据库的必备信息 -->
<property name="driverClass" value="com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver"></property>
<property name="jdbcUrl" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/eesy?useSSL=false&serverTimezone=UTC"></property>
<property name="user" value="root"></property>
<property name="password" value="root"></property>
</bean>
</beans>
(4)测试类
/**
* 使用Junit单元测试配置:测试我们的配置是否正确
*/
public class AccountServiceTest {
@Test
public void testfindAll() {
//1、获取容器
ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean.xml");
//2、得到业务层对象
IAccountService as = (IAccountService) ac.getBean("accountService",IAccountService.class);
//3、执行方法
List<Account> accounts = as.findAllAccount();
for(Account account:accounts) {
System.out.println(account);
}
}
@Test
public void testfindOne() {
//1、获取容器
ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean.xml");
IAccountService as = (IAccountService) ac.getBean("accountService");
Account account = as.findAccountById(2);
System.out.println(account);
}
@Test
public void testSaveAccount() {
ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean.xml");
IAccountService as = (IAccountService) ac.getBean("accountService");
Account account = new Account();
account.setName("ddd");
account.setMoney(4000.0f);
as.saveAccount(account);
}
@Test
public void testUpdateAccount() {
ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean.xml");
IAccountService as = (IAccountService) ac.getBean("accountService");
Account account = new Account();
account.setId(4);
account.setName("ddd");
account.setMoney(1000.0f);
as.updateAccount(account);
}
@Test
public void testDeleteAccount() {
ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean.xml");
IAccountService as = (IAccountService) ac.getBean("accountService");
as.deleteAccount(4);
}
}
3、心得体会
分析测试了中的问题
通过上面的测试类,我们可以看出,每个测试方法都重新获取了一次 spring 的核心容器,造成了不必要的重
复代码,增加了我们开发的工作量。这种情况,在开发中应该避免发生。
有些同学可能想到了,我们把容器的获取定义到类中去。例如:
/**
* 测试类
* @author 黑马程序员
* @Company http://www.ithiema.com
* @Version 1.0
*/
public class AccountServiceTest {
private ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean.xml");
private IAccountService as = ac.getBean("accountService",IAccountService.class);
}
这种方式虽然能解决问题,但是扔需要我们自己写代码来获取容器。
能不能测试时直接就编写测试方法,而不需要手动编码来获取容器呢?
请在今天的最后一章节找答案。
二、基于注解的 IOC 配置
1、写在前面
学习基于注解的 IoC 配置,大家脑海里首先得有一个认知,即注解配置和 xml 配置要实现的功能都是一样的,都是要降低程序间的耦合。只是配置的形式不一样。
关于实际的开发中到底使用xml还是注解,每家公司有着不同的使用习惯。所以这两种配置方式我们都需要掌握。
我们在讲解注解配置时,采用上一章节的案例,把 spring 的 xml 配置内容改为使用注解逐步实现。
2、代码
(1)持久层
实体类
public class Account implements Serializable{
private Integer id;
private String name;
private Float money;
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Float getMoney() {
return money;
}
public void setMoney(Float money) {
this.money = money;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Account [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", money=" + money + "]";
}
}
持久层接口
/**
* 账户的持久层方法
* @author
*
*/
public interface IAccountDao {
List<Account> findAllAccount();
Account findAccountById(Integer id);
void saveAccount(Account account);
void updateAccount(Account account);
void deleteAccount(Integer id);
}
持久层实现类
@Repository("accountDao")
public class AccountDao implements IAccountDao{
@Autowired//自动按照类型注入
private QueryRunner runner;
public void setRunner(QueryRunner runner) {
this.runner = runner;
}
public List<Account> findAllAccount() {
try {
return runner.query("select * from account",new BeanListHandler<Account>(Account.class));
} catch (SQLException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
public Account findAccountById(Integer id) {
try {
return runner.query("select * from account where id=?",new BeanHandler<Account>(Account.class),id);
} catch (SQLException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
public void saveAccount(Account account) {
try {
runner.update("insert into account(name,money) values(?,?)",account.getName(),account.getMoney());
} catch (SQLException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
public void updateAccount(Account account) {
try {
runner.update("update account set name=?,money=? where id=?",account.getName(),account.getMoney(),account.getId());
} catch (SQLException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
public void deleteAccount(Integer id) {
try {
runner.update("delete from account where id=?",id);
} catch (SQLException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
}
(2)业务层
业务层接口
public interface IAccountService {
/**
* 查询所有
* @return
*/
List<Account> findAllAccount();
Account findAccountById(Integer id);
void saveAccount(Account account);
void updateAccount(Account account);
void deleteAccount(Integer id);
}
业务层实现类
/**
* 账户的业务层实现类
* @author
*
*/
@Service("accountService")
public class AccountServiceImpl implements IAccountService{
@Autowired//自动按照类型注入
private IAccountDao accountDao;
public void setAccountDao(IAccountDao accountDao) {
this.accountDao = accountDao;
}
public List<Account> findAllAccount() {
return accountDao.findAllAccount();
}
public Account findAccountById(Integer id) {
return accountDao.findAccountById(id);
}
public void saveAccount(Account account) {
accountDao.saveAccount(account);
}
public void updateAccount(Account account) {
accountDao.updateAccount(account);
}
public void deleteAccount(Integer id) {
accountDao.deleteAccount(id);
}
}
(3)配置文件
pom.xml
<dependencies>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-context -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>5.0.2.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>8.0.17</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/commons-dbutils/commons-dbutils -->
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-dbutils</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-dbutils</artifactId>
<version>1.4</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>c3p0</groupId>
<artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
<version>0.9.1.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.10</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
bean.xml
注意: 基于注解整合时,导入约束时需要多导入一个 context 名称空间下的约束。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<!-- 告知spring创建容器时要扫描的包-->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.itheima"></context:component-scan>
<!-- 配置QueryRunner -->
<bean id="runner" class="org.apache.commons.dbutils.QueryRunner" scope="prototype">
<!-- 注入数据源(构造方法注入) -->
<constructor-arg name="ds" ref="dataSource"></constructor-arg>
</bean>
<!-- 配置数据源 -->
<bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
<!-- 连接数据库的必备信息 -->
<property name="driverClass" value="com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver"></property>
<property name="jdbcUrl" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/eesy?useSSL=false&serverTimezone=UTC"></property>
<property name="user" value="root"></property>
<property name="password" value="root"></property>
</bean>
</beans>
(4)测试类
/**
* 使用Junit单元测试配置:测试我们的配置是否正确
*/
public class AccountServiceTest {
@Test
public void testfindAll() {
//1、获取容器
ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean.xml");
//2、得到业务层对象
IAccountService as = (IAccountService) ac.getBean("accountService",IAccountService.class);
//3、执行方法
List<Account> accounts = as.findAllAccount();
for(Account account:accounts) {
System.out.println(account);
}
}
@Test
public void testfindOne() {
//1、获取容器
ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean.xml");
IAccountService as = (IAccountService) ac.getBean("accountService");
Account account = as.findAccountById(2);
System.out.println(account);
}
@Test
public void testSaveAccount() {
ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean.xml");
IAccountService as = (IAccountService) ac.getBean("accountService");
Account account = new Account();
account.setName("ddd");
account.setMoney(4000.0f);
as.saveAccount(account);
}
@Test
public void testUpdateAccount() {
ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean.xml");
IAccountService as = (IAccountService) ac.getBean("accountService");
Account account = new Account();
account.setId(4);
account.setName("ddd");
account.setMoney(1000.0f);
as.updateAccount(account);
}
@Test
public void testDeleteAccount() {
ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean.xml");
IAccountService as = (IAccountService) ac.getBean("accountService");
as.deleteAccount(4);
}
}
本文详细介绍了如何使用Spring的IoC容器管理和控制账户的增删查改(CRUD)操作,包括实体类、持久层、业务层的实现及配置文件的设置,并对比了XML与注解配置的方法。

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