ERC20标准函数简介与测试方法

最新推荐文章于 2025-09-07 20:16:08 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2025-09-07 20:16:08 发布 · 5.4k 阅读

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#ERC20 #标准接口 #测试ERC20 #hardhat

本文详细介绍了以太坊ERC20标准，包括其核心接口、函数及事件，并通过HelloWorldToken合约实例展示了如何实现ERC20标准。此外，还提供了使用Hardhat进行智能合约测试的方法。

ERC20是以太坊上的一种合约标准，它包含5个函数、2个事件。具体如下：

totalSupply()： token的总量
balanceOf() ：某个地址上的余额
transfer() ：发送token
allowance() ：额度、配额、津贴
approve() ：批准给某个地址一定数量的token(授予额度、授予津贴)
transferFrom()：提取approve授予的token(提取额度、提取津贴)
Transfer() ： token转移事件
Approval() ：额度批准事件

标准函数	含义
totalSupply()	代币总量
balanceOf(addresss account)	account地址上的余额
transfer(address recipient, uint256 amount)	向recipient发送amount个代币
allowance(address owner, address spender)	查询owner给spender的额度(总配额)
approve(address spender, uint256 amount)	批准给spender的额度为amount(当前配额)
transferFrom(address sender, address recipient, uint256 amount)	recipient提取sender给自己的额度
Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value)	代币转移事件：从from到to转移value个代币
Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint256 value)	额度批准事件：owner给spender的额度为value

1、ERC20标准接口

interface IERC20 {
   
   
    function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256);
    function balanceOf(address account) external view returns (uint256);
    function transfer(address recipient, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);
    function allowance(address owner, address spender) external view returns (uint256);
    function approve(address spender, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);
    function transferFrom(address sender, address recipient, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);

    event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value);
    event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint256 value);
}

2、Token实现

HelloWorldToken合约，它继承IERC20接口，同时添加了name()、decimals()、symbol()、increaseAllowance()、decreaseAllowance() 等函数。

扩展函数	名义
name()	代币名称
decimals()	代币精度
symbol()	代币符号(代币简称)
increaseAllowance()	增加额度
decreaseAllowance()	减少额度

// HelloWorldToken.sol

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity >=0.6.0 <0.8.0;

interface IERC20 {
   
   
    function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256);
    function balanceOf(address account) external view returns (uint256);
    function transfer(address recipient, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);
    function allowance(address owner, address spender) external view returns (uint256);
    function approve(address spender, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);
    function transferFrom(address sender, address recipient, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);

    event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value);
    event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint256 value);
}

library SafeMath {
   
   
    function add(uint256 a,uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
   
   
        uint256 c = a+b;
        require(c >= a, "SafeMath: addition overflow");
        return c;
    }

    function sub(uint256 a,uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256){
   
   
        require( b <= a,