Spring纯注解的声明式事务配置

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本文介绍如何使用Spring框架整合JDBC进行数据库操作，并实现事务管理。通过配置文件和注解，详细展示了如何创建数据源、JdbcTemplate以及事务管理器，实现账户的查询和转账功能。

1.jdbcConfig.properties

jdbc.driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/spring?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8
jdbc.username=root
jdbc.password=123

2.config.JdbcConfig

package config;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager;
import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource;

import javax.sql.DataSource;


/**
 * 和连接数据库相关的配置类
 */
public class JdbcConfig {

    @Value("${jdbc.driver}")
    private String driver;

    @Value("${jdbc.url}")
    private String url;

    @Value("${jdbc.username}")
    private String username;

    @Value("${jdbc.password}")
    private String password;

    /**
     * 创建jdbcTemplate对象
     * @param dataSource
     * @return
     */
    @Bean(name = "jdbcTemplate")
    public JdbcTemplate createJdbcTemplate(DataSource dataSource){
        return new JdbcTemplate(dataSource);
    }

    /**
     * 创建数据源对象
     * @return
     */
    @Bean(name = "dataSource")
    public DataSource createDataSource(){
        DriverManagerDataSource ds = new DriverManagerDataSource();
        ds.setDriverClassName(driver);
        ds.setUrl(url);
        ds.setUsername(username);
        ds.setPassword(password);
        return ds;
    }

}

3.config.SpringConfiguration

package config;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Import;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.PropertySource;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.EnableTransactionManagement;

/**
 * spring的配置类，相当于bean.xml
 */

@Configuration
@ComponentScan(basePackages = "com")
@Import({JdbcConfig.class,TransactionManager.class})
@PropertySource("classpath:jdbcConfig.properties")
@EnableTransactionManagement//开启声明式事务控制
public class SpringConfiguration {
}

4 config.TransactionManager

package config;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager;
import org.springframework.transaction.PlatformTransactionManager;

import javax.sql.DataSource;

/**
 * 和事务相关的配置类
 */
public class TransactionManager {


    /**
     * 用于创建事务管理对象
     * @param dataSource
     * @return
     */
    @Bean(name = "transactionManager")
    public PlatformTransactionManager createTransactionManager(DataSource dataSource){
        return new DataSourceTransactionManager(dataSource);
    }

}

5.com.service.IAccountService

package com.service;

import com.domain.Account;

/**
 * 账户的业务层接口
 */
public interface IAccountService {
    /**
     * 根据id查询账户信息
     * @param id
     * @return
     */
    Account findAccountById(Integer id);

    /**
     * 转账
     * @param sourceName 转出账户名称
     * @param targetName 转入账户名称
     * @param money
     */
    void transfer(String sourceName, String targetName, Float money);
}

6.com.service.impl.AccountServiceImpl

package com.service.impl;

import com.dao.IAccountDao;
import com.domain.Account;
import com.service.IAccountService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Propagation;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;

/**
 * 事务控制应该都是在业务层
 */
@Service
@Transactional(propagation = Propagation.REQUIRED,readOnly = true)
public class AccountServiceImpl implements IAccountService{

    @Autowired
    private IAccountDao accountDao;

    public Account findAccountById(Integer id) {
        return accountDao.findAccountById(id);
    }


    @Transactional(propagation = Propagation.REQUIRED,readOnly = false)
    public void transfer(String sourceName, String targetName, Float money) {

        System.out.println("transfer开始执行");
        //①.根据名称查询转出账户
        Account source = accountDao.findAccountByName(sourceName);
        //②.根据名称查询转入账户
        Account target = accountDao.findAccountByName(targetName);
        //③.转出账户减钱
        source.setMoney(source.getMoney()-money);
        //④.转入账户加钱
        target.setMoney(target.getMoney()+money);
        //⑤.更新转出账户
        accountDao.updateAccount(source);
//        int i = 1/0;
        //⑥.更新转入账户
        accountDao.updateAccount(target);

    }
}

7.com.dao.IAccountDao

package com.dao;

import com.domain.Account;

/**
 * 账户的持久层接口
 */
public interface IAccountDao {
    /**
     * 根据id查询账户
     * @param id
     * @return
     */
    Account findAccountById(Integer id);

    /**
     * 根据名称查询账户
     * @param name
     * @return
     */
    Account findAccountByName(String name);

    /**
     * 更新账户
     * @param account
     */
    void updateAccount(Account account);
}

8.com.dao.impl.AccountDaoImpl

package com.dao.impl;

import com.dao.IAccountDao;
import com.domain.Account;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.BeanPropertyRowMapper;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.support.JdbcDaoSupport;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

import java.util.List;

/**
 * 账户的持久层实现类
 */
@Repository
public class AccountDaoImpl  implements IAccountDao{

    @Autowired
    private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;

    public Account findAccountById(Integer id) {
        List<Account> accounts = jdbcTemplate.query("select * from account where id=?", new BeanPropertyRowMapper<Account>(Account.class), id);
        return accounts.isEmpty()?null:accounts.get(0);
    }

    public Account findAccountByName(String name) {
        List<Account> accounts = jdbcTemplate.query("select * from account where name=?", new BeanPropertyRowMapper<Account>(Account.class), name);
        if(accounts.isEmpty()){
            return null;
        }
        if(accounts.size()>1){
            throw new RuntimeException("结果集不唯一");
        }
        return accounts.get(0);
    }

    public void updateAccount(Account account) {
        jdbcTemplate.update("update account set name=?,money=? where id=?",account.getName(),account.getMoney(),account.getId());

    }
}

9.com.domain.Account

package com.domain;

import java.io.Serializable;

/**
 * 账户的实体类
 */
public class Account implements Serializable{
    private Integer id;
    private String name;
    private Float money;

    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public Float getMoney() {
        return money;
    }

    public void setMoney(Float money) {
        this.money = money;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Account{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", money=" + money +
                '}';
    }
}