-创建和显示窗体实例

最新推荐文章于 2026-06-16 07:02:33 发布

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本文档通过VC6平台，演示了如何利用Win32 API创建、销毁、显示和隐藏窗体。首先，创建一个Win32 Application项目，并设置简单的菜单资源。菜单项包括创建、销毁、显示和隐藏窗体的功能。接着，添加CMainWnd、CChildWnd1和CChildWnd2三个类，分别用于主窗口和两个子窗口的管理。

本例在SDK下使用API函数实现窗体的创建、销毁、显示和隐藏！

1、打开VC6，单击File/New菜单，选择Win32 Application ，建立工程名为WindowDemo的应用程序。

2、选择“A simple Win32 Application”

3、向工程中添加一个菜单资源，ID为IDR_MAIN，在菜单中添加一个子菜单“测试窗体1”，包含四个菜单项，

ID为：“ID_MI_WND1_CREATE”、“ID_MI_WND1_DESTROY”、“ID_MI_WND1_SHOW”、“ID_MI_WND1_HIDE” ,

文本为“创建”、“销毁”、“显示”、“隐藏”。

再为IDR_MAIN添加第二个子菜单“测试窗体2”，只是把“1”改为“2”

///

///MyWnd.h中
#define MY_WND_PROP_NAME  _T("_My_Wnd_Prop_Name_")
#define MY_WND_CLASS_NAME  _T("_My_Wnd_Class_Name_")


class CMyWnd  
{
public:
	CMyWnd();
	virtual ~CMyWnd();
	//创建窗体
	HWND CreateEx(HINSTANCE hInst ,DWORD dwExstyle , LPCTSTR lpText ,DWORD dwStyle ,
		LPRECT lprcWnd ,HWND hParent ,int nMenuID);
	HWND CreateEX(DWORD dwStyle ,int x,int y , int nWidth ,int nHeight ,HWND hParent);
	///销毁窗体
	void Destroy();
	///显示或隐藏窗体
	BOOL Show(int nCmd);
	///获取窗体句柄
	HWND GetHwnd();
	///可直接返回窗体句柄的操作符
	operator HWND() const;
protected:
	///处理前的派生类调用机会
	virtual BOOL preprocessMsg(HWND hWnd ,UINT nMsg ,WPARAM wp ,LPARAM lp ,LRESULT *pResult);
	//窗体创建消息
	virtual LRESULT OnCreate(HWND hWnd);
	///窗体销毁消息
	virtual BOOL OnDestroy();
	///处理命令按钮消息
	virtual BOOL OnCommand(int nCmdID);
	///绘制窗体
	virtual BOOL OnPaint();
	///绘制背景
	virtual BOOL OnEraseBk(HDC hDC);
	///timer消息
	virtual BOOL OnTimer(int nID);

protected:

	///检测类是否注册，如果没有注册则注册
	BOOL CheckClass(LPCTSTR lpClassName);
	///窗体过程
	static LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd ,UINT nMsg ,WPARAM wp, LPARAM lp);
protected:
	HWND m_hWnd;
	HMENU m_hMenu;
	HINSTANCE m_hInstance;

};

#endif // !defined(AFX_MYWND_H__6B084A95_8F56_430C_909F_6869193CD5AA__INCLUDED_)

// MyWnd.cpp: implementation of the CMyWnd class.
//
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

#include "stdafx.h"
#include "MyWnd.h"

//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Construction/Destruction
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

CMyWnd::CMyWnd():m_hWnd(NULL),m_hMenu(NULL),m_hInstance(NULL)
{

}

CMyWnd::~CMyWnd()
{
	if(m_hWnd)
	{
		Destroy();
	}

}

HWND CMyWnd::CreateEx(HINSTANCE hInst ,DWORD dwExStyle ,LPCTSTR lpText ,DWORD dwStyle ,
		LPRECT lprcWnd ,HWND hParent ,int nMenuID)
{
	///如果已经创建，返回，防止重复创建
	if(m_hWnd)
	{
		return m_hWnd;
	}
	///hInst由WinMain传入
	m_hInstance = hInst;

	///计算窗体尺寸
	int x,y,nWidth,nHeight;
	if(lprcWnd == NULL)
	{
		x = y =nWidth = nHeight = CW_USEDEFAULT;
	}
	else
	{
		x = lprcWnd->left;
		y = lprcWnd->top;
		nWidth = lprcWnd->right - lprcWnd->left;
		nHeight = lprcWnd->bottom - lprcWnd->top;
	}

	///如果有菜单，加载菜单，并作为窗体菜单
	if(nMenuID > 0 )
		m_hMenu = LoadMenu(m_hInstance ,MAKEINTRESOURCE(nMenuID));
	///检测类名是否已经注册
	CheckClass(MY_WND_CLASS_NAME);

	///创建窗体
	m_hWnd = CreateWindowEx(dwExStyle , MY_WND_CLASS_NAME ,lpText ,dwStyle ,x, y ,
		nWidth ,nHeight ,hParent ,m_hMenu , m_hInstance ,this);

	return m_hWnd;
}

HWND CMyWnd::CreateEX(DWORD dwStyle ,int x,int y , int nWidth ,int nHeight ,HWND hParent)
{
	///创建窗体的重载函数
	RECT rc = {x , y , x + nWidth , y + nHeight};
	return CreateEx(NULL , 0  , _T("MyWnd") , dwStyle ,&rc ,hParent , 0);
}

void CMyWnd::Destroy()
{
	///销毁窗体
	if(m_hWnd)
	{
		DestroyWindow(m_hWnd);
		m_hWnd = NULL;
	}
}

BOOL CMyWnd::Show(int nCmd)
{
	///显示或隐藏窗口
	return ShowWindow(m_hWnd , nCmd);
}

HWND CMyWnd::GetHwnd()
{
	//返回窗体句柄
	return m_hWnd;
}

CMyWnd::operator HWND() const
{
	return m_hWnd;
}

BOOL CMyWnd::preprocessMsg(HWND hWnd , UINT nMsg ,WPARAM wp ,LPARAM lp , LRESULT  *pResult)
{
	///返回所有消息处理前，会调用此函数
	//返回TRUe代表继续由相应消息响应函数处理，否则不用再处理
	///消息的返回值由pResult中返回
	return TRUE;
}

LRESULT CMyWnd::OnCreate(HWND hWnd)
{
	//WM_CREATE消息的响应函数
	return 0;
}
BOOL CMyWnd::OnDestroy()
{
	return true;
}

BOOL CMyWnd::OnCommand(int nCndID)
{
	return true;
}

BOOL CMyWnd::OnPaint()
{
	return true;
}

BOOL CMyWnd::OnEraseBk(HDC hDC)
{
	return true;
}

BOOL CMyWnd::OnTimer(int nID)
{
	return true;
}

BOOL CMyWnd::CheckClass(LPCTSTR lpClassName)
{
	///检测类名，如果没有注册，则注册
	WNDCLASS  wc = {0};
	if(!GetClassInfo(m_hInstance , lpClassName ,&wc))///GetClassInfo()函数用于检测一个类是否被注册
	{
		wc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)COLOR_APPWORKSPACE;
		wc.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;
		wc.lpszClassName = lpClassName;
		return RegisterClass(&wc);
	}
	return true;

}

LRESULT CALLBACK CMyWnd::WndProc(HWND hWnd , UINT nMsg , WPARAM wp ,LPARAM lp)
{
	///消息处理的约定:
	///1、派生类处理了某个消息处理函数后,无需再调用基类处理，调用基类意味着默认处理
	///2、消息处理，除特殊消息外，返回TRUE代表要调用默认处理，否则不调用默认处理

	LRESULT lResult = 0 ;
	BOOL bCallDefault = true;
	///取出和句柄相对应的类
	CMyWnd *pWnd = (CMyWnd*)GetProp(hWnd ,MY_WND_PROP_NAME);////GetProp()函数的作用
	if(pWnd == NULL)
	{
		if(nMsg != WM_CREATE)
		{
			return DefWindowProc(hWnd ,nMsg,wp , lp);
		}
		else
		{
			LPCREATESTRUCT pSt = (LPCREATESTRUCT)lp;
			pWnd = (CMyWnd*)pSt->lpCreateParams;
			SetProp(hWnd ,MY_WND_PROP_NAME ,pWnd);
		}
	}

	if(!pWnd->preprocessMsg(hWnd ,nMsg ,wp ,lp ,&lResult))
		return lResult;

	///处理消息
	switch(nMsg)
	{
	case WM_CREATE:
		{
			pWnd->m_hWnd = hWnd;
			lResult = pWnd->OnCreate(hWnd);
			bCallDefault = false;
			break;
		}

	case WM_DESTROY:
		bCallDefault = pWnd->OnDestroy();
		break;

	case WM_COMMAND:
		bCallDefault = pWnd->OnCommand(LOWORD(wp));
		break;
	case WM_PAINT:
		bCallDefault = pWnd->OnPaint();
		break;

	case WM_ERASEBKGND:
		bCallDefault = pWnd->OnEraseBk((HDC)wp);////???????????
		break;
	case WM_CLOSE:
		pWnd->Destroy();
		bCallDefault = false;
		break;
	case WM_TIMER:
		bCallDefault = pWnd->OnTimer((int)wp);
		break;
	default:
		break;
	}

	///根据消息处理结果调用默认的处理过程，或者直接返回
	if(bCallDefault)
		return DefWindowProc(hWnd , nMsg , wp , lp);
	else
		return lResult;
}

再向工程中添加三个类“CMainWnd”、“CChildWnd1”、“CChildWnd2”,均继承自CMyWnd

// MainWnd.h: interface for the CMainWnd class.
//
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

#if !defined(AFX_MAINWND_H__2910B9F6_DCDC_4E34_B367_DDDDDEB4F1AD__INCLUDED_)
#define AFX_MAINWND_H__2910B9F6_DCDC_4E34_B367_DDDDDEB4F1AD__INCLUDED_

#if _MSC_VER > 1000
#pragma once
#endif // _MSC_VER > 1000

#include "MyWnd.h"
#include "ChildWnd1.h"
#include "ChildWnd2.h"

class CMainWnd : public CMyWnd  
{
public:
	CMainWnd();
	virtual ~CMainWnd();
protected:
	BOOL OnCommand(int ncmdID);
	BOOL OnDestroy();
private:
	CChildWnd1 m_wndChild1;///测试窗体1
	CChildWnd2 m_wndChild2;///测试窗体2

};

#endif // !defined(AFX_MAINWND_H__2910B9F6_DCDC_4E34_B367_DDDDDEB4F1AD__INCLUDED_)

// MyWnd.cpp: implementation of the CMyWnd class.
//
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

#include "stdafx.h"
#include "MyWnd.h"

//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Construction/Destruction
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

CMyWnd::CMyWnd():m_hWnd(NULL),m_hMenu(NULL),m_hInstance(NULL)
{

}

CMyWnd::~CMyWnd()
{
	if(m_hWnd)
	{
		Destroy();
	}

}

HWND CMyWnd::CreateEx(HINSTANCE hInst ,DWORD dwExStyle ,LPCTSTR lpText ,DWORD dwStyle ,
		LPRECT lprcWnd ,HWND hParent ,int nMenuID)
{
	///如果已经创建，返回，防止重复创建
	if(m_hWnd)
	{
		return m_hWnd;
	}
	///hInst由WinMain传入
	m_hInstance = hInst;

	///计算窗体尺寸
	int x,y,nWidth,nHeight;
	if(lprcWnd == NULL)
	{
		x = y =nWidth = nHeight = CW_USEDEFAULT;
	}
	else
	{
		x = lprcWnd->left;
		y = lprcWnd->top;
		nWidth = lprcWnd->right - lprcWnd->left;
		nHeight = lprcWnd->bottom - lprcWnd->top;
	}

	///如果有菜单，加载菜单，并作为窗体菜单
	if(nMenuID > 0 )
		m_hMenu = LoadMenu(m_hInstance ,MAKEINTRESOURCE(nMenuID));
	///检测类名是否已经注册
	CheckClass(MY_WND_CLASS_NAME);

	///创建窗体
	m_hWnd = CreateWindowEx(dwExStyle , MY_WND_CLASS_NAME ,lpText ,dwStyle ,x, y ,
		nWidth ,nHeight ,hParent ,m_hMenu , m_hInstance ,this);

	return m_hWnd;
}

HWND CMyWnd::CreateEX(DWORD dwStyle ,int x,int y , int nWidth ,int nHeight ,HWND hParent)
{
	///创建窗体的重载函数
	RECT rc = {x , y , x + nWidth , y + nHeight};
	return CreateEx(NULL , 0  , _T("MyWnd") , dwStyle ,&rc ,hParent , 0);
}

void CMyWnd::Destroy()
{
	///销毁窗体
	if(m_hWnd)
	{
		DestroyWindow(m_hWnd);
		m_hWnd = NULL;
	}
}

BOOL CMyWnd::Show(int nCmd)
{
	///显示或隐藏窗口
	return ShowWindow(m_hWnd , nCmd);
}

HWND CMyWnd::GetHwnd()
{
	//返回窗体句柄
	return m_hWnd;
}

CMyWnd::operator HWND() const
{
	return m_hWnd;
}

BOOL CMyWnd::preprocessMsg(HWND hWnd , UINT nMsg ,WPARAM wp ,LPARAM lp , LRESULT  *pResult)
{
	///返回所有消息处理前，会调用此函数
	//返回TRUe代表继续由相应消息响应函数处理，否则不用再处理
	///消息的返回值由pResult中返回
	return TRUE;
}

LRESULT CMyWnd::OnCreate(HWND hWnd)
{
	//WM_CREATE消息的响应函数
	return 0;
}
BOOL CMyWnd::OnDestroy()
{
	return true;
}

BOOL CMyWnd::OnCommand(int nCndID)
{
	return true;
}

BOOL CMyWnd::OnPaint()
{
	return true;
}

BOOL CMyWnd::OnEraseBk(HDC hDC)
{
	return true;
}

BOOL CMyWnd::OnTimer(int nID)
{
	return true;
}

BOOL CMyWnd::CheckClass(LPCTSTR lpClassName)
{
	///检测类名，如果没有注册，则注册
	WNDCLASS  wc = {0};
	if(!GetClassInfo(m_hInstance , lpClassName ,&wc))///GetClassInfo()函数用于检测一个类是否被注册
	{
		wc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)COLOR_APPWORKSPACE;
		wc.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;
		wc.lpszClassName = lpClassName;
		return RegisterClass(&wc);
	}
	return true;

}

LRESULT CALLBACK CMyWnd::WndProc(HWND hWnd , UINT nMsg , WPARAM wp ,LPARAM lp)
{
	///消息处理的约定:
	///1、派生类处理了某个消息处理函数后,无需再调用基类处理，调用基类意味着默认处理
	///2、消息处理，除特殊消息外，返回TRUE代表要调用默认处理，否则不调用默认处理

	LRESULT lResult = 0 ;
	BOOL bCallDefault = true;
	///取出和句柄相对应的类
	CMyWnd *pWnd = (CMyWnd*)GetProp(hWnd ,MY_WND_PROP_NAME);////GetProp()函数的作用
	if(pWnd == NULL)
	{
		if(nMsg != WM_CREATE)
		{
			return DefWindowProc(hWnd ,nMsg,wp , lp);
		}
		else
		{
			LPCREATESTRUCT pSt = (LPCREATESTRUCT)lp;
			pWnd = (CMyWnd*)pSt->lpCreateParams;
			SetProp(hWnd ,MY_WND_PROP_NAME ,pWnd);
		}
	}

	if(!pWnd->preprocessMsg(hWnd ,nMsg ,wp ,lp ,&lResult))
		return lResult;

	///处理消息
	switch(nMsg)
	{
	case WM_CREATE:
		{
			pWnd->m_hWnd = hWnd;
			lResult = pWnd->OnCreate(hWnd);
			bCallDefault = false;
			break;
		}

	case WM_DESTROY:
		bCallDefault = pWnd->OnDestroy();
		break;

	case WM_COMMAND:
		bCallDefault = pWnd->OnCommand(LOWORD(wp));
		break;
	case WM_PAINT:
		bCallDefault = pWnd->OnPaint();
		break;

	case WM_ERASEBKGND:
		bCallDefault = pWnd->OnEraseBk((HDC)wp);////???????????
		break;
	case WM_CLOSE:
		pWnd->Destroy();
		bCallDefault = false;
		break;
	case WM_TIMER:
		bCallDefault = pWnd->OnTimer((int)wp);
		break;
	default:
		break;
	}

	///根据消息处理结果调用默认的处理过程，或者直接返回
	if(bCallDefault)
		return DefWindowProc(hWnd , nMsg , wp , lp);
	else
		return lResult;
}

// ChildWnd1.h: interface for the CChildWnd1 class.
//
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

#if !defined(AFX_CHILDWND1_H__179CB7BA_1D79_40C7_A603_9AD343A003D5__INCLUDED_)
#define AFX_CHILDWND1_H__179CB7BA_1D79_40C7_A603_9AD343A003D5__INCLUDED_

#if _MSC_VER > 1000
#pragma once
#endif // _MSC_VER > 1000

#include "MyWnd.h"

class CChildWnd1 : public CMyWnd  
{
public:
	CChildWnd1();
	virtual ~CChildWnd1();
	
	BOOL OnEraseBk(HDC hDC);
};

#endif // !defined(AFX_CHILDWND1_H__179CB7BA_1D79_40C7_A603_9AD343A003D5__INCLUDED_)

// ChildWnd1.cpp: implementation of the CChildWnd1 class.
//
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

#include "stdafx.h"
#include "ChildWnd1.h"

//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Construction/Destruction
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

CChildWnd1::CChildWnd1()
{

}

CChildWnd1::~CChildWnd1()
{

}

BOOL CChildWnd1::OnEraseBk(HDC hDC)
{
	///测试窗体1绘制背景为绿色
	HBRUSH hb = CreateSolidBrush(RGB(0,127,0));
	RECT rect = {0};
	GetClientRect(m_hWnd , &rect);
	FillRect(hDC ,&rect , hb);
	DeleteObject(hb);
	return 0 ;
}

// ChildWnd2.h: interface for the CChildWnd2 class.
//
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

#if !defined(AFX_CHILDWND2_H__B96FDC39_0CE0_45FA_B2FB_8CBF93346686__INCLUDED_)
#define AFX_CHILDWND2_H__B96FDC39_0CE0_45FA_B2FB_8CBF93346686__INCLUDED_

#if _MSC_VER > 1000
#pragma once
#endif // _MSC_VER > 1000

#include "MyWnd.h"

class CChildWnd2 : public CMyWnd  
{
public:
	CChildWnd2();
	virtual ~CChildWnd2();
    BOOL OnEraseBk(HDC hDC);
};

#endif // !defined(AFX_CHILDWND2_H__B96FDC39_0CE0_45FA_B2FB_8CBF93346686__INCLUDED_)

// ChildWnd2.cpp: implementation of the CChildWnd2 class.
//
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

#include "stdafx.h"
#include "ChildWnd2.h"

//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Construction/Destruction
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

CChildWnd2::CChildWnd2()
{

}

CChildWnd2::~CChildWnd2()
{

}


BOOL CChildWnd2::OnEraseBk(HDC hDC)
{
	///测试窗体2绘制背景为lan色
	HBRUSH hb = CreateSolidBrush(RGB(0,0,127));
	RECT rect = {0};
	GetClientRect(m_hWnd , &rect);
	FillRect(hDC ,&rect , hb);
	DeleteObject(hb);
	return 0 ;
}

WindowDemo.cpp中

// WindowDemo.cpp : Defines the entry point for the application.
//

#include "stdafx.h"
#include "MainWnd.h"
//#include<tchar.h>


int APIENTRY WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance,
                     HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
                     LPSTR     lpCmdLine,
                     int       nCmdShow)
{
 	// TODO: Place code here.
	
	///建立主窗体
	CMainWnd wnd;
	HWND hWnd = wnd.CreateEx(hInstance , 0 , _T("主窗体") , WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW , NULL ,NULL, IDR_MAIN);

	wnd.Show(SW_SHOW);

	if(!hWnd)
	{
		MessageBox(NULL,_T("创建主窗体时错误..."),NULL ,MB_OK);
		return 0 ;
	}
	///消息循环
	MSG msg = {0};
	while(GetMessage(&msg ,NULL ,0 , 0))
	{
		TranslateMessage(&msg);
		DispatchMessage(&msg);
	}
	return 0;
}