xv6系统解析-CSDN博客

本文深入探讨了xv6操作系统的实现细节，包括shell命令执行流程、系统调用机制、懒惰页分配策略、CPU定时警报处理以及线程与锁的管理等内容。

文章目录

Boot xv6
shell
xv6 system calls
xv6 lazy page allocation
xv6 CPU alarm
Threads and Locking
xv6 locking

Boot xv6

shell

// Execute cmd.  Never returns.
void
runcmd(struct cmd *cmd)
{
  int p[2], r;
  struct execcmd *ecmd;
  struct pipecmd *pcmd;
  struct redircmd *rcmd;

  if(cmd == 0)
    _exit(0);

  switch(cmd->type){
  default:
    fprintf(stderr, "unknown runcmd\n");
    _exit(-1);

  case ' ':
    ecmd = (struct execcmd*)cmd;
    if(ecmd->argv[0] == 0)
      _exit(0);
    // fprintf(stderr, "exec not implemented\n");
    // Your code here ...
    if(!access(ecmd->argv[0], F_OK))  //cmd  exists in current directory or not
        execv(ecmd->argv[0], ecmd->argv);
    else{
        char *path = (char*) malloc(150*sizeof(char));
        char *root = "/bin/";
        strcpy(path, root);
        strcat(path, ecmd->argv[0]);     //cmd exists in /bin  or not
        if(!access(path, F_OK))
            execv(path, ecmd->argv);
        else
           fprintf(stderr, "%s: Command not found.n", ecmd->argv[0]);
    }
    break;
  case '>':
  case '<':
    rcmd = (struct redircmd*)cmd;
    // fprintf(stderr, "redir not implemented\n");
    // Your code here ...
    close(rcmd->fd);
    if(open(rcmd->file, rcmd->flags, 0777) < 0){
      fprintf(stderr, "open %s failed\n", rcmd->file);
      _exit(0);
    }
    runcmd(rcmd->cmd);
    break;

  case '|':
    pcmd = (struct pipecmd*)cmd;
    // fprintf(stderr, "pipe not implemented\n");
    // Your code here ...
    if(pipe(p) < 0)
      _exit(0);
    if(fork1() == 0){
      close(1);
      dup(p[1]);
      close(p[0]);
      close(p[1]);
      runcmd(pcmd->left);
    }
    if(fork1() == 0){
      close(0);
      dup(p[0]);
      close(p[0]);
      close(p[1]);
      runcmd(pcmd->right);
    }
    close(p[0]);
    close(p[1]);
    wait(&r);
    wait(&r);
    break;
  }
  _exit(0);

xv6 system calls

xv6 lazy page allocation

trap.c需要调用vm.c中的mappages()函数，所以需要去除static关键字

在trap.c中用extern声明mappages函数

在trap.c中的void trap(struct trapframe *tf)的添加以下代码

//PAGEBREAK: 13
default:
  if(myproc() == 0 || (tf->cs&3) == 0){
    // In kernel, it must be our mistake.
    cprintf("unexpected trap %d from cpu %d eip %x (cr2=0x%x)\n",
            tf->trapno, cpuid(), tf->eip, rcr2());
    panic("trap");
  }
  // In user space, assume process misbehaved.
  char *mem;
  uint a;
  a = PGROUNDDOWN(rcr2());
  uint newsz = myproc()->sz;
  for (; a < newsz; a += PGSIZE){
    mem = kalloc();
    memset(mem, 0, PGSIZE);
    mappages(myproc()->pgdir, (char*)a, PGSIZE, V2P(mem), PTE_W|PTE_U);
  }
  break;
  cprintf("pid %d %s: trap %d err %d on cpu %d "
          "eip 0x%x addr 0x%x--kill proc\n",
          myproc()->pid, myproc()->name, tf->trapno,
          tf->err, cpuid(), tf->eip, rcr2());
  myproc()->killed = 1;
}

xv6 CPU alarm

修改了很多文件，核心是trap.c的改动，如下：

if(myproc() != 0 && (tf->cs & 3) == 3){
  myproc()->totalticks++;
  if(myproc()->totalticks == myproc()->alarmticks){
    myproc()->totalticks = 0;
    tf->esp -= 4;
    * (uint*)(tf->esp) = tf->eip;
    tf->eip = (uint)myproc()->alarmhandler;
  }
}

Threads and Locking

xv6 locking

连续两个acquire，将会造成panic
有时会panic，原因是关闭中断后，如果在启动过程中发生了中断，中断处理程序会申请一个锁，但是这个锁已经被kernel持有，导致陷入死锁
启动过程中不会panic，因为filealloc()在alloc的时候，时间很短，所以很难发生死锁
假如先清理掉lk->locked，那么lock就没了，新的进程可能就会在lk->pcs[0]和lk->cpu被清零之前获得lock，但是此时的lk->cpu和lk->pcs[0]还是之前的那个，就会导致不一致。