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    English: Connection between strict and non-strict partial orders established by converse (cnv), reflexive closure (cls), and irreflexive kernel (ker). The mappings cls and ker (on the domain of irreflexive and reflexive relations, respectively) are inverse to each other, and cnv is inverse to itself, and commutes with cls and with ker. Therefore, we have a commutative diagram.

    For illustration, we use four example relations on the set {1,2,3,4,5}. Each relation table shows a "*" whenever (x,y)∈R holds, where x and y corresponds to the row and column, respectively, like this:

    Each of the four relations corresponds, with some (own) grain of salt, to the one Hasse diagram in the image center: Since a Hasse diagram cannot show if an element is related to itself, such relations must be tacitly understood to be absent for the strict versions, and present for the non-strict ones. For the ">" and the "≥" relation, the diagram must be read upside-down.

    Moreover, if cpl denotes the complement of a relation, then, for every non-strict partial order R, one has

    1. cnv(ker(R)) ⊆ cpl(R), and
    2. equality holds iff R is a non-strict total order.
    Proof of (1): If (x,y) ∈ cnv(ker(R)), then (y,x) ∈ ker(R), hence (y,x) ∈ ker(R) and y≠x, hence (x,y) ∉ R, since else x=y by asymmetry, hence (x,y) ∈ cpl(R).
    Proof of (2): "If": Let R be connected, let (x,y) ∈ cpl(R), then (x,y) ∉ R, hence (y,x) ∈ R, which also implies that x≠y, hence (y,x) ∈ ker(R), hence (x,y) ∈ cnv(ker(R)).
    "Only if": Assume for contradiction equality for a non-connected partial order R. Let (x,y), (y,x) ∉ R, then (x,y) ∈ cpl(R), hence (x,y) ∈ cnv(ker(R)), hence (y,x) ∈ ker(R), hence (y,x) ∈ R, contradicting the assumption.
    Date
    Source Own work
    Author Jochen Burghardt
    Other versions File:PartialOrders redundencies.pdf * File:PartialOrders redundencies svg.svg
    LaTeX source code
    \documentclass[12pt]{article}
\usepackage[pdftex]{color}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage[paperwidth=65mm,paperheight=65mm]{geometry}
\setlength{\topmargin}{-36mm}
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\begin{document}
\renewcommand{\leq}{\leqslant}
\renewcommand{\geq}{\geqslant}

% foreground
\definecolor{fOp}       {rgb}{0.00,0.00,0.50}   % operation
\definecolor{fNm}       {rgb}{0.50,0.50,0.50}   % canonical name
\definecolor{fTb}       {rgb}{0.50,0.50,0.50}   % relation table
\definecolor{fY}        {rgb}{0.00,0.00,0.00}   % related
\definecolor{fN}        {rgb}{0.90,0.90,0.90}   % unrelated
\definecolor{fStr}      {rgb}{0.50,0.00,0.00}   % strict
\definecolor{fNSt}      {rgb}{0.00,0.50,0.00}   % non-strict
\definecolor{fNd}       {rgb}{0.00,0.00,0.75}   % Hasse node
\definecolor{fAr}       {rgb}{0.80,0.80,0.99}   % Hasse arc
% background
\definecolor{bStr}      {rgb}{0.99,0.94,0.94}   % strict
\definecolor{bNSt}      {rgb}{0.94,0.99,0.94}   % non-strict
\definecolor{bHs}       {rgb}{0.99,0.99,0.99}   % Hasse diagram

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\newcommand{\0}{\textcolor{fN}{*}}
\newcommand{\1}{\textcolor{fY}{*}}
\newcommand{\p}{\0}

\newcommand{\GE}{%      x >= y
        \begin{array}{@{}|@{}c@{}c@{}c@{}c@{}c@{}@{}}%
        \hline%
        \1 & \0 & \0 & \0& \0   \\% 1   <-- x
        \1 & \1 & \0 & \0& \0   \\% 2
        \1 & \1 & \1 & \0& \0   \\% 3
        \1 & \1 & \p & \1& \0   \\% 4
        \1 & \1 & \1 & \1& \1   \\% 5
% y -->  1    2    3    4   5
        %\hline%
        \end{array}%
}

\newcommand{\GT}{%      x > y
        \begin{array}{@{}|@{}c@{}c@{}c@{}c@{}c@{}@{}}%
        \hline%
        \0 & \0 & \0 & \0& \0   \\% 1   <-- x
        \1 & \0 & \0 & \0& \0   \\% 2
        \1 & \1 & \0 & \0& \0   \\% 3
        \1 & \1 & \p & \0& \0   \\% 4
        \1 & \1 & \1 & \1& \0   \\% 5
% y -->  1    2    3    4   5
        %\hline%
        \end{array}%
}

\newcommand{\LE}{%      x <= y
        \begin{array}{@{}|@{}c@{}c@{}c@{}c@{}c@{}@{}}%
        \hline%
        \1 & \1 & \1 & \1& \1   \\% 1   <-- x
        \0 & \1 & \1 & \1& \1   \\% 2
        \0 & \0 & \1 & \p& \1   \\% 3
        \0 & \0 & \0 & \1& \1   \\% 4
        \0 & \0 & \0 & \0& \1   \\% 5
% y -->  1    2    3    4   5
        %\hline%
        \end{array}%
}

\newcommand{\LT}{%      x < y
        \begin{array}{@{}|@{}c@{}c@{}c@{}c@{}c@{}@{}}%
        \hline%
        \0 & \1 & \1 & \1& \1   \\% 1   <-- x
        \0 & \0 & \1 & \1& \1   \\% 2
        \0 & \0 & \0 & \p& \1   \\% 3
        \0 & \0 & \0 & \0& \1   \\% 4
        \0 & \0 & \0 & \0& \0   \\% 5
% y -->  1    2    3    4   5
        %\hline%
        \end{array}%
}

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\textcolor{fOp}{\put(30,12){\makebox(0,0)[b]{$\it cnv$}}}%
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%
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    I, the copyright holder of this work, hereby publish it under the following license:
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    File history

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    Date/TimeThumbnailDimensionsUserComment
    current09:54, 1 January 2022Thumbnail for version as of 09:54, 1 January 2022383 × 383 (52 KB)Jochen Burghardt (talk | contribs)mirror row/col in image
    15:25, 31 July 2021Thumbnail for version as of 15:25, 31 July 2021383 × 383 (52 KB)Jochen Burghardt (talk | contribs)used *partial* order example, added hasse diagram, colorized strict/nonstrict
    19:18, 29 July 2021Thumbnail for version as of 19:18, 29 July 2021383 × 383 (41 KB)Jochen Burghardt (talk | contribs)Uploaded own work with UploadWizard

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