aliquisとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈa.lɪ.kʷɪs]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈaː.li.kʷis]

代名詞

aliquis or aliquī (feminine aliqua, neuter aliquid); indefinite pronoun

1. (pronoun) someone, somebody, anyone, something, anything; sometimes to be followed by the word else

   ad calculōs aliquem vocō ― to invite someone to do some calculation

   petere aliquem hastā ― to attack someone with a spear

   • 8 CE, Ovidius, Fasti 2.75:

     aliquis tollēns ad sīdera voltum

     someone lifting his face to the stars

2. (determiner) some, any

使用する際の注意点

• After sī, nisi, num, and nē, ali- falls away; see quis.
• Normatively, aliquī is a determiner (used adjectivally) and aliquis is a pronoun (used substantively), but the opposite usages can be found, even among the best Classical writers:
  • Pūblius Vergilius Marō, Aenēis, liber II. In: Virgil with an English translation by H. Rushton Fairclough, vol. I of two volumes, 1916, p. 296f.:

    Aut hōc inclūsī lignō occultantur Achīvī,
    aut haec in nostrōs fabricāta est māchina mūrōs,
    īnspectūra domōs ventūraque dēsuper urbī,
    aut aliquis latet error; equō nē crēdite, Teucrī.

    Either enclosed in this frame there lurk Achaeans, or this has been built as an engine of war against our walls, to spy into our homes and come down upon the city from above; or some trickery lurks therein. Trust not the horse, ye Trojans.

語形変化

Indefinite pronoun.

aliquī m (nom. sg.) is relatively rare (but classically attested) as a pronoun, although frequent as a determiner.
aliqua f (nom. sg.) is very rare as a pronoun, although frequent as a determiner.
aliquī (nom. pl.) had an alternative Old Latin form aliquēs according to the Late Latin grammarian Charisius.
alicuius (gen. sg.) and alicui (dat. sg.) have alternative spellings aliquoius, aliquoi (used in Republican Latin or earlier).
aliquīs (abl. pl.) has the alternative spelling aliqueis (used in Republican Latin or earlier).
aliquī (abl. sg.) is a rare Old Latin form, attested in Plautus in place of aliquō as a masculine and neuter pronoun.

派生語

• matellam praestō alicui

関連する語

派生した語

参考

• aliquid
• aliquī
• ecquis

参照

Further reading

• “aliquis” in volume 1, column 1606, line 60 in the Thesaurus Linguae Latinae (TLL Open Access), Berlin (formerly Leipzig): De Gruyter (formerly Teubner), 1900–present
• “aliquis”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “aliquis”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “aliquis”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002), “alĭquis”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 24: Refonte A–Aorte, page 322
• https://logeion.uchicago.edu/aliquis