Santali Latin alphabet
 | This article relies on a single source. (October 2025) |
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The Santali Latin alphabet was invented in the 1890s by the Norwegian missionary Paul Olaf Bodding, and is still used by some Santals, especially the members of the Northern Evangelical Lutheran Church (NELC). Since the Santals had no alphabet till 1925 when Pandit Raghunath Murmu invented Ol chiki script in 1925,[1] they adopted the Latin script, using certain diacritical marks to denote sounds that differ from those these letters have in English. This was done under the influence of Christian missionaries who were the first to take an active interest in the study of the Santali language.
Letters
[edit]Source:[2]
| A a | Ã ã | Ạ ạ | Ạ̃ ạ̃ | B b | BH bh | C c | C Ch | Ć ć | D d |
| /a/ | /ã/ | /ə/ | /ə̃/ | /b/ | /bʱ/ | /t͡ʃ/ | /t͡ʃʰ/ | /ˀt͡ʃ/[a] | /d̪/ |
| DH d | Ḍ ḍ | ḌH ḍh | E e | Ẽ ẽ | E̠ e̠ | Ẽ̠ ẽ̠ | Ẹ ẹ | G g | GH gh |
| /d̪ʱ/ | /ɖ/ | /ɖʱ/ | /e/ | /ẽ/ | /ɛ/ | /ɛ̃/ | /e̥/[b] | /g/ | /gʱ/ |
| H h | I i | Ĩ i | J j | JH jh | K k | KH KH | Ḱ ḱ | L l | M m |
| /h/ | /i/ | /ĩ/ | /d͡ʒ/ | /d͡ʒʱ/ | /k/ | /kʰ/ | /ˀk/[c] | /l/ | /m/ |
| N n | Ṅg ṅg | Ń ń | Ṇ ṇ | O o | Õ Õ | O̠ o̠ | Õ̠ õ̠ | Ọ ọ | P p |
| /n/ | /ŋ/ | /ɲ/ | /ɳ/ | /o/ | /õ/ | /ɔ/ | /ɔ̃/ | /o̥/[d] | /p/ |
| PH ph | Ṕ ṕ | R r | Ṛ ṛ | S s | T t | TH th | Ṭ ṭ | ṬH ṭh | T́ t́ |
| /pʰ/ | /ˀp/[e] | /r/ | /ɽ/ | /s/ or /ʃ/ | /t̪/ | /t̪ʰ/ | /ʈ/ | /ʈʰ/ | /ˀt/[f] |
| U u | V v | W w | Y y | ||||||
| /u/ | /v/[g] | /w, ʷ/ | /j ~ ʑ/ |
Other script
[edit]The Santali language is now primarily written using the Ol Chiki script and it is being used in several schools, colleges, universities and government purposes in eastern states of India in Santal dominated regions.
Notes
[edit]References
[edit]- ↑ "Tata Steel celebrates Pt Raghunath Murmu's birth anniversary in Kalinganagar". OdishaDiary. 11 May 2017. Retrieved 15 February 2019.
- ↑ Bodding 1930, p. 1.
- 1 2 3 4 Choksi 2020, p. 67.
- 1 2 Ghosh 2008, p. 21.
- ↑ Ghosh 2008, p. 27.
Works cited
[edit]- Troisi, J (2000). “Tribal Religion”, Manohar Publishers & Distributors, 27.
- Bodding, Paul Olaf (1930). Materials for a Santali Grammar. I Mostly Phonetic. Second Edition. Dumka: Santal Mission of the Northern Churches.
- Choksi, Nishaant (2020). "From Transcript to "Trans-Script": Romanized Santali across Semiotic Media". Signs and Society. 8 (1): 62–92. doi:10.1086/706549 – via Cambridge University Press.
- Ghosh, Arun (2008). "Santali". In Anderson, Gregory D.S. (ed.). The Munda Languages. London: Routledge. pp. 11–98.
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