claustrum

English

Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from Latin claustrum (“a bolt, bar”). Doublet of cloister.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ˈklɔːstɹəm/

Noun

claustrum (plural claustra)

1. (neuroanatomy) A thin, irregular sheet of grey matter underneath the inner part of the neocortex on both sides of the brains of mammals; its exact function is not understood, but it is believed to facilitate coordination between senses
   • For quotations using this term, see Citations:claustrum.

Related terms

• claustral
• claustrophobia
• claustrophilia

Translations

sheet of grey matter

• Finnish: aivomuuri
• German: Vormauer f, Claustrum n
• Italian: claustro m
• Latin: claustrum n (New Latin)
• Polish: przedmurze (pl) n
• Russian: огра́да (ru) f (ográda)

Latin

Etymology

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈkɫau̯s.trũː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈklau̯s.trum]

Noun

claustrum n (genitive claustrī); second declension

1. (Classical Latin, rare) alternative form of claustra
2. (Medieval Latin) alternative form of claustra: cloister
3. (Medieval Latin) portion of a monastery closed off to laity
4. (New Latin) claustrum (thin lamina of grey matter in each cerebral hemisphere of the human brain)

Usage notes

• Singular forms are almost never encountered; this noun is usually plural.

Declension

Second-declension noun (neuter).

	singular	plural
nominative	claustrum	claustra
genitive	claustrī	claustrōrum
dative	claustrō	claustrīs
accusative	claustrum	claustra
ablative	claustrō	claustrīs
vocative	claustrum	claustra

Descendants

Through Vulgar *clōstrum (and its plural *clōstra ):

• Italo-Dalmatian:
  • Italian: chiostro, chiostra
  • Venetan: conostro (Belluno), giostro
• Rhaeto-Romance:
  • Friulian: clostri
  • Romansh: caluster, caluoster, culuoster
• Gallo-Italic:
  • Old Lombard: chiostre (Milan)
• Gallo-Romance:
  • Franco-Provençal: cllioutre (Aosta)
  • Old French: cloistre (see there for further descendants)

Borrowings:

• Early (mostly through the Vulgar form):
  • Post-Proto-West Germanic:
    • → Old English: clauster, clūstor
    • → Old Frisian: klāster
      • West Frisian: kleaster
    • → Old Saxon: *klōstar
      • Middle Low German: klôster
        • Plautdietsch: Kloosta
        • → Estonian: klooster
        • → Latvian: klosteris
    • → Old Dutch: *clōster
      • Middle Dutch: clôoster
        • Dutch: klooster
        • Limburgish: kloeaster
    • → Old High German: klōstar
      • Middle High German: klōster, clōster
        • Alemannic German: Chlooster
        • Bavarian: Klosta
        • German: Kloster
        • Luxembourgish: Klouschter
        • → Czech: klášter m inan
          • → Polish: klasztor
            • → Ukrainian: кля́штор (kljáštor)
        • → Serbo-Croatian:

          Cyrillic script: кло̏штер m inan, кло̏штар

          Latin script: klȍšter m inan, klȍštar

        • → Slovak: kláštor m inan
• Later:
  • → Catalan: claustre
  • → English: claustrum
  • → Friulian: claustri
  • → Galician: claustro, caustra (semi-learned)
  • → Hungarian: klastrum, kalastorom, kolostor
  • → Italian: claustro
  • → Occitan: claustra, clastra (semi-learned)
  • → Old Norse: klaustr
    • Icelandic: klaustur
    • Faroese: kleystur
    • Norwegian: kloster
    • Old Swedish: kloster, kløster
      • Swedish: kloster
      • → Finnish: luostari
    • Danish: kloster
  • → Polish: claustrum, klaustrum
  • → Portuguese: claustro
  • → Romanian: claustru
  • → Romansh: claustra, clostra (semi-learned)
  • → Spanish: claustro

References

• “claustrum”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “claustrum”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "claustrum", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “claustrum”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • (ambiguous) to break down the gates: claustra portarum revellere
    
• “claustrum”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper’s Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• claustrum in Ramminger, Johann (16 July 2016 (last accessed)), Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎^[2], pre-publication website, 2005-2016
• “claustrum”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin