debilis
Latin
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Disputed. By surface analysis, the term is an adjective formed according to the model of terms such as inermis.[1] It has been proposed that the term may derive from dēbeō (“to owe”) in the manner as habilis (“able to have”), from habeō (“to have, hold”).[2] However, according to De Vaan, the form dēbilis is isolated within Latin and therefore likely archaic, in which case it may preserve an older i-stem form. De Vaan suggests that the term may continue either Proto-Indo-European *bel-i- or *bol-i- (“strength”), though he considers the latter pre-form more likely on the basis of Proto-Slavic *boľьjь, which also displays an o-grade. Ultimately, De Vaan connects the term with the root *bel-.[1]
Compare Sanskrit बल (bala), Russian большой (bolʹšoj), Ancient Greek βελτίων (beltíōn, “better < stronger”)
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): [ˈdeː.bɪ.lɪs]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): [ˈdɛː.bi.lis]
Adjective
[edit]dēbilis (neuter dēbile, comparative dēbilior, superlative dēbilissimus); third-declension two-termination adjective
- weak, frail, feeble
- Synonyms: languidus, fractus, aeger, mollis, fessus, tenuis, īnfirmus, inops, obnoxius
- Antonyms: praevalēns, fortis, potis, potēns, validus, strēnuus, compos
- lame, disabled, crippled, infirm, debilitated
- Synonym: claudus
Declension
[edit]Third-declension two-termination adjective.
| singular | plural | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masc./fem. | neuter | masc./fem. | neuter | ||
| nominative | dēbilis | dēbile | dēbilēs | dēbilia | |
| genitive | dēbilis | dēbilium | |||
| dative | dēbilī | dēbilibus | |||
| accusative | dēbilem | dēbile | dēbilīs dēbilēs |
dēbilia | |
| ablative | dēbilī | dēbilibus | |||
| vocative | dēbilis | dēbile | dēbilēs | dēbilia | |
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]Inherited:
- Emilian: dàbbel
- Italo-Dalmatian
- Rhaeto-Romance
- Sardinian: débbile, débbili, díbbile
- Venetan: debol, debole, debolo, debełe
- → Cimbrian: débel
- ⇒ Vulgar Latin: *indēbilis
Borrowed:
- → Italian: debile
- Gallo-Romance
- Ibero-Romance
- Others:
References
[edit]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “dēbilis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 162-3
- ^ Olander, Thomas (2020), “To *b or not to *b: Proto-Indo-European *b in a phylogenetic perspective”, in Historische Sprachforschung / Historical Linguistics[1], volume 133, number 1, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, , →ISSN, →JSTOR, page 190
Further reading
[edit]- “debilis”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “debilis”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- "debilis", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- “debilis”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *déh₁
- Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʰeh₁bʰ-
- Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bel-
- Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *de
- Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Latin terms with unknown etymologies
- Latin terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Latin 3-syllable words
- Latin terms with IPA pronunciation
- Latin lemmas
- Latin adjectives
- Latin third declension adjectives
- Latin third declension adjectives of two terminations
- Latin terms with quotations
