en

See also: Appendix:Variations of "en"

Languages (82)

Translingual • English

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Page categories

Translingual

Etymology 1

Clipping of English English.

Symbol

en

1. (international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for English.

See also

• Wiktionary’s coverage of English terms

Etymology 2

Clipping of English ethylenediamine.

Symbol

en

1. (chemistry) ethylenediamine ligand

English

Etymology 1

The name of the letter comes from Latin en. The typographic sense dates to 1793.

Pronunciation

• (UK, US) enPR: ĕn, IPA^(key): /ˈɛn/

• Audio (Southern England):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɛn
  • (pin–pen merger) IPA^(key): /ɪn/
  • Homophones: in, inn

Noun

en (plural ens)

1. The name of the Latin script letter N/n.
   • 1773 October, The Monthly Review Or Literary Journal Enlarged:

     The word length, which contains only four sounds l e ng th, is usually spell'd thus, el ee en gee tee aitch.

   • 2004, Will Rogers, The Stonking Steps, page 170:

     I have drunk en-ee-cee-tee-ay-ar from the ef-ell-oh-doubleyou-ee-ar-ess in his gee-ay-ar-dee-ee-en many a time.

2. (typography) A unit of measurement equal to half an em (half the height of the type in use).
   • 1808, C[aleb] Stower, “An Account of the Different Advances in Journeymen’s Wages, from the Year 1785 to 1805, with the Present Regulations and Scale of Prices”, in The Compositor’s and Pressman’s Guide to the Art of Printing; […], London: […] [T]he Editor, […] for B[enjamin] Crosby and Co. […], →OCLC, page 419:

     That the price of work, paid for by letters be advanced from fourpence to fourpence halfpenny per thousand, including English and brevier; and, in leaded matter, the ems and ens at the beginnings and ends of the lines not to be reckoned in the width.

Derived terms

• enby
• en dash
• ennage
• en quad
• en space

Descendants

• ⇒ Alabama: ìnka

Translations

name of the letter N, n

• Alabama: ìnka
• Arabic: إِن (ar) m (ʔen)
• Asturian: ene (ast) f
• Bengali: এন f (en)
• Bulgarian: ен m (en)
• Catalan: ena (ca) f
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: (English letter names are called as in English, no other standard Mandarin name exists)

• Esperanto: no (eo)
• Finnish: än (fi), ännä (fi)
• French: enne (fr) m
• Galician: ene (gl) m
• Greek: εν (el) n (en)
• Hawaiian: nū
• Hindi: एन (hi) (en)
• Ido: ne (io)
• Irish: ein, nion
• Italian: enne (it) f
• Japanese: エヌ (ja) (enu)
• Korean: 엔 (ko) (en)
• Latin: en (la)
• Malay: en (ms)
• Marathi: एन (en)
• Occitan: èna f
• Persian: ان (fa) (en)
• Portuguese: ene (pt) m
• Russian: эн (ru) n (en)
• Spanish: ene (es) f
• Thai: เอ็น (th) (en)
• Turkish: ne (tr)
• Vietnamese: en-nờ (vi), en (vi), nờ (vi)
• Welsh: en (cy) f

typographic unit

• Bulgarian: ен m (en)
• Cherokee: ᎡᏂ (eni)
• Hungarian: félkvirt

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

• Italian: ^{(please verify)} enne (it) m or f

See also

• (Latin-script letter names) letter; a, bee, cee, dee, e, ef, gee, aitch, i, jay, kay, el, em, en, o, pee, cue, ar, ess, tee, u, vee, double-u, ex, wye, zee / zed

Etymology 2

From French en.

Pronunciation

• (imitating the French pronunciation) IPA^(key): [ɑ̃], [õ]
• (anglicised) IPA^(key): /ɒn/, /ɑn/

• Audio (Southern England):

  (file)

Preposition

en

1. Used in various phrases borrowed from French or formed as if borrowed from French (see "Derived terms" below).

Derived terms

• en ami
• en banc
• en bloc
• en brochette
• en caul
• en clair
• en effet
• en famille
• en femme
• en garçon
• en garde
• en masse
• en pantoufles
• en passant
• en règle
• en retard
• en retraite
• en revanche
• en route
• en secondes noces
• en suite

Etymology 3

Inherited from Old English hine.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ən/

• Audio (Southern England):

  (file)

Pronoun

en

1. (dialectal, Newfoundland) Him.
   • 1895, Thomas Hardy, A Pair of Blue Eyes‎^[2], page 236:

     Such a strappen fine gentleman as he was, too. Yes, I rather like en sometimes.

2. (dialectal, Newfoundland) It (when the thing being referred to is masculine).

Etymology 4

Noun

en (plural ens)

1. The name of the Cyrillic script letter Н / н.

Anagrams

• nê, né, Ne., ne, -ne-, NE, ne., -ne

Afar

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈen/ [ˈʔɛn]
• Hyphenation: en

Verb

én

1. (intransitive) be, exist
2. (transitive, + k-case) be made of
3. (transitive, + k-case) be a part of
   • 2006, “Ruut 1:2 [Ruth 1:2]”, in Nabuwwa kee malikwa [Prophets and kings]‎^[3]:

     Alimelek akah yoobokem, Efrat deqsitta gulubuk ten.

     When that Elimelek was born, he was part of the clan called Ephrath.

4. (auxiliary) With the perfective, used to form the present perfect.
5. (auxiliary) With the imperfective, used to form the present progressive.
6. (auxiliary) With the -k converb, used to form the past prospective.
   • 2006, “Ruut 1:1 [Ruth 1:1]”, in Nabuwwa kee malikwa [Prophets and kings]‎^[4]:

     Makaabon Israayil baaxol dardaarak ten saaku, Israayil baaxol qulul rade.

     When the judges were ruling in the land of Israel, a famine fell upon the land of Israel.

Conjugation

Conjugation of en (highly irregular)
		1st singular	2nd singular	3rd singular		1st plural	2nd plural	3rd plural
				m	f
perfective	V-affirmative	enéh	tenéh	yenéh	tenéh	nenéh	teneeníh	yeneeníh
	N-affirmative	én	tén	yén	tén	nén	tenén	yenén
	negative	mánanniyo	mánannito	mánanna	mánanna	mánannino	mánanniton	mánannon
imperfective (I)	V-affirmative	aníh	taníh	yaníh	taníh	naníh	taniiníh	yaniiníh
	N-affirmative	án	tán	yán	tán	nán	tanín	yanín
	negative	máan	mátan	máyan	mátan	mánan	mátanin	máyanin
imperfective (II)	V-affirmative	aniyóh	tanitóh	yaníh	taníh	naninóh	tanitoonúh	yaniiníh
	N-affirmative	aniyó	tanitó	yán	tán	naninó	tanitón	yanín

Derived terms

• ellé

References

• E. M. Parker; R. J. Hayward (1985), An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN, page 283
• Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2015), L’afar: description grammaticale d’une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie)‎^[5], Paris: Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (doctoral thesis)

Afrikaans

Etymology

From Dutch en.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɛn/

• Audio:

  (file)

• (unstressed) IPA^(key): /ən/

Conjunction

en

1. and

   Ek sit en drink koeldrank ― I sit and drink a cold drink.

2. well

   En? ― well?

See also: Appendix:Variations of "en"

Ainu

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /en/, [ʔen]

Pronoun

en= (Kana spelling エン)

1. me (first-person singular object pronoun)

See also

Ainu personal pronouns

person	isolated form	affix form
		nominative	objective
first	singular	kuani, kani1	ku=, k=1 (before vowels)	en=
	exclusive plural	ciokay, coka1, ciutari	ci=, c=1 =as	un=
	inclusive plural	anokay, aoka1, anutari	a=, =an	i=
second	singular	eani	e=
	plural	eciokay, ecioka1, eciutari	eci=
	singular (polite)	anokay, aoka1	a=, =an	i=
	plural (polite)	anokay, aoka1, anutari
third	singular	sinuma, anihi	∅=
	plural	okay, oka1
indefinite	singular	asinuma	a=, =an	i=
	plural	anokay, aoka1, anutari

1. Saru dialect

Akawaio

Noun

en

1. alternative form of enu

Alemannic German

Etymology

From Middle High German ein, from Old High German ein, from Proto-Germanic *ainaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁óynos. Cognate with German ein, Low German en, ein, Dutch een, English one, Icelandic einn, Swedish en.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ən/

Article

en

1. (indefinite) a, an
   • 1835, Jakob Stutz, Gemälde aus dem Volksleben nach der Natur aufgenommen und treu dargestellt in gereimten Gesprächen Zürcherischer Mundart, first part, 2nd ed., pp. 27, 49, 97, 109:
     • Ih wött dih jetz nu duße möge-n-
       Auh noh en einzigs Wörtli fröge.
     • [...] as en einzigs Mol, [...]
     • Denn ist er si Lebtig e stills Büebli gsi.
     • Aber es wot e chüels Windli goh.
   • 1864, J. C. Ott, Rosen und Dornen. Gedichte und Gerichte, gewachsen auf Bernerboden, 1st small volume, 2nd ed., pp. 53, 57:
     • „„Nu, wenn i öppis by d'r gilte,““
       Seit Franz, – „„so mach en End myr Qual!
       [...]““
     • „[...]
       O, schenk-mer, Herr, es gnädig's End,
       Nimm uf my Geist i dyni Händ!“
   • 1864, J. C. Ott, Rosen und Dornen. Gedichte und Gerichte, gewachsen auf Bernerboden, 1st small volume, 2nd ed., pp. 43, 76, 106, 186:
     • E Mezgerbursch i syne schönste Jahre
       Mit rothe Backe, schwarze, chruse Haare,
       Chunt spät am Aabe ganz allei
       Vom Erlebacher-Märit hei.
     • Im Berner Alpeg'länd sitzt vor sym chlyne Hüsi
       [...]
       En alte Veteran vom Cheiserrych
       Na Dörflerg'wohnheit i d'r Gartenlaube.
     • [...] Da villicht en alte Jud, [...]
     • En Ehrebrecher isch sy Kamerad, [...]
   • Joh. Schönauer, Beschreibung miner Heimat, in: 1876, Volksthümliches aus dem Kanton Bern. Localsagen und Satzungen des Aberglaubens. Gesammelt von Heinrich Grunholzer durch seine Seminarzöglinge. Zusammengestellt und herausgegeben von J. E. Rothenbach. Separat-Abdruck aus der „Neuen Alpenpost“, p. 5:

     Vor zwei Jahra ist z' Höchstetta, das 20 Minuta vo Zäziwyl ist, emene Länder-Güterfuhrma der Waga verbrönnt worda.

Declension

Zürich:

	Singular
	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	en	e	e (before a consonant) en (before a vowel)
Dative	eme	ene	eme
Accusative	en	e	e (before a consonant) en (before a vowel)

Bern:

	Singular
	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	e (before a consonant) en (before a vowel)	e (before a consonant) en (before a vowel)	es (before a consonant) en (before a vowel)
Dative	emene
Accusative	e (before a consonant) en (before a vowel)	e (before a consonant) en (before a vowel)	es (before a consonant) en (before a vowel)

Asturian

Alternative forms

• in (Patsuezu)

Etymology

From Latin in, from Proto-Italic *en, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁én (“in”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /en/ [ẽŋ]
• Rhymes: -en
• Syllabification: en

Preposition

en

1. in
2. (+ gerund) after

   En comiendo, marcho

   After eating, I'll leave

Usage notes

• The preposition en contracts to n' before a word beginning with a vowel or h-: n'Asturies (in Asturias), n'honor (in honor)

Derived terms

• an
• n'
• na
• nas
• nel
• nes
• no
• nos

Further reading

• Xosé Lluis García Arias (2002–2004), “en”, in Diccionario general de la lengua asturiana [General Dictionary of the Asturian Language] (in Spanish), Editorial Prensa Asturiana, →ISBN
• “en”, in Diccionariu de la llingua asturiana [Dictionary of the Asturian Language] (in Asturian), 1st edition, Academy of the Asturian Language [Asturian: Academia de la Llingua Asturiana], 2000, →ISBN

Aukan

Etymology

From English and.

Noun

en

1. and

Australian Kriol

Etymology

From English and.

Conjunction

en

1. and

Azerbaijani

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *ēn.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [en]

• Audio (Baku):

  (file)

Noun

en (definite accusative eni, plural enlər)

1. width

   Synonym: genişlik

Declension

Declension of en

	singular	plural
nominative	en	enlər
definite accusative	eni	enləri
dative	enə	enlərə
locative	endə	enlərdə
ablative	endən	enlərdən
definite genitive	enin	enlərin

Possessive forms of en

	nominative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	enim	enlərim
sənin (“your”)	enin	enlərin
onun (“his/her/its”)	eni	enləri
bizim (“our”)	enimiz	enlərimiz
sizin (“your”)	eniniz	enləriniz
onların (“their”)	eni or enləri	enləri
	accusative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	enimi	enlərimi
sənin (“your”)	enini	enlərini
onun (“his/her/its”)	enini	enlərini
bizim (“our”)	enimizi	enlərimizi
sizin (“your”)	eninizi	enlərinizi
onların (“their”)	enini or enlərini	enlərini
	dative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	enimə	enlərimə
sənin (“your”)	eninə	enlərinə
onun (“his/her/its”)	eninə	enlərinə
bizim (“our”)	enimizə	enlərimizə
sizin (“your”)	eninizə	enlərinizə
onların (“their”)	eninə or enlərinə	enlərinə
	locative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	enimdə	enlərimdə
sənin (“your”)	enində	enlərində
onun (“his/her/its”)	enində	enlərində
bizim (“our”)	enimizdə	enlərimizdə
sizin (“your”)	eninizdə	enlərinizdə
onların (“their”)	enində or enlərində	enlərində
	ablative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	enimdən	enlərimdən
sənin (“your”)	enindən	enlərindən
onun (“his/her/its”)	enindən	enlərindən
bizim (“our”)	enimizdən	enlərimizdən
sizin (“your”)	eninizdən	enlərinizdən
onların (“their”)	enindən or enlərindən	enlərindən
	genitive
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	enimin	enlərimin
sənin (“your”)	eninin	enlərinin
onun (“his/her/its”)	eninin	enlərinin
bizim (“our”)	enimizin	enlərimizin
sizin (“your”)	eninizin	enlərinizin
onların (“their”)	eninin or enlərinin	enlərinin

Derived terms

• en dairəsi (“latitude”)

References

• “en” in Obastan.com.

Breton

Contraction

en

1. e (preposition "in") + un (indefinite article "a(n)")
2. e (preposition "in") + an (definite article "the")

Catalan

Etymology 1

From the final syllable of Latin domine (“Mister”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Northern, Balearic, Central) [ən]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia, Northwestern) [en]

Article

en m sg (elided n', feminine na)

1. (Eastern) Personal article used before masculine given names instead of the definite article el.

   En Pau i na Maria arribaran demà.

   Pau and Maria will be arriving tomorrow.

Usage notes

• While this article (and its feminine counterpart na) is standard in Balearic Catalan, in other Eastern Catalan dialects its use is waning, and the elided form of the definite article, l', is used before names beginning with vowels. There is no plural personal article, so the plural definite article els is used in all dialects.

Derived terms

• can (contraction of ca and ne)

Etymology 2

From Latin in (“in, inside”), from Proto-Italic *en, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁én (“in”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Northern, Balearic, Central) [ən]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia, Northwestern) [en]

Preposition

en

1. in

   Va participar en la reunió ― He/She participated in the meeting.

2. when, upon, on (doing something)

   en arribar... ― when I arrived...

Usage notes

Unlike Spanish and like French, Catalan uses a with many toponyms, so en is a false friend:

a França, a París ― in France, in Paris, not *en França, *en París

Etymology 3

Inherited from Latin inde (“thence”). Compare French en, Italian ne.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Northern, Balearic, Central) [ən]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia, Northwestern) [en]

Pronoun

en (proclitic, contracted n', enclitic ne, contracted enclitic 'n)

1. Represents an indeterminate number or quantity of a given noun.
2. Represents a place (associated with the action described by the verb) that would be introduced by the preposition de.
3. Replaces a phrase introduced by the preposition de.
4. Replaces the object of a causative verb.

Usage notes

• en cannot be used more than once as the object of a given verb.
• While en is usually used to replace phrases beginning with the preposition de, adverbial phrases (e.g., de pressa) are replaced with hi.
• en is sometimes used instead of ho to replace an adjective or indefinite noun as the predicate of a verb.
• en is sometimes used popularly to add emphasis to a sentence: in this sense, it has no translation in English.
• en is the reinforced (reforçada) form of the pronoun. It is used before verbs beginning with a consonant.

Declension

Catalan personal pronouns and clitics

			strong/subject	weak (direct object)		weak (indirect object)		possessive
				proclitic	enclitic	proclitic	enclitic
singular	1st person	standard	jo, mi3	em, m’	-me, ’m	em, m’	-me, ’m	meu
		majestic1	nós	ens	-nos, ’ns	ens	-nos, ’ns	nostre
	2nd person	standard	tu	et, t’	-te, ’t	et, t’	-te, ’t	teu
		formal1	vós	us	-vos, -us	us	-vos, -us	vostre
		very formal2	vostè	el, l’	-lo, ’l	li	-li	seu
	3rd person	m	ell	el, l’	-lo, ’l	li	-li	seu
		f	ella	la, l’4	-la	li	-li	seu
		n		ho	-ho	li	-li	seu
plural
	1st person		nosaltres	ens	-nos, ’ns	ens	-nos, ’ns	nostre
	2nd person	standard	vosaltres	us	-vos, -us	us	-vos, -us	vostre
		formal2	vostès	els	-los, ’ls	els	-los, ’ls	seu
	3rd person	m	ells	els	-los, ’ls	els	-los, ’ls	seu
		f	elles	les	-les	els	-los, ’ls	seu
3rd person reflexive			si	es, s’	-se, ’s	es, s’	-se, ’s	seu
adverbial	ablative/genitive			en, n’	-ne, ’n
	locative			hi	-hi

¹ Behaves grammatically as plural.   ² Behaves grammatically as third person.
³ Only as object of a preposition.   ⁴ Not before unstressed (h)i-, (h)u-.

See also

• hi
• ho

Further reading

• “en”, in Diccionari de la llengua catalana [Dictionary of the Catalan Language] (in Catalan), second edition, Institute of Catalan Studies [Catalan: Institut d'Estudis Catalans], April 2007
• Alcover, Antoni Maria; Moll, Francesc de Borja (1963), “en”, in Diccionari català-valencià-balear (in Catalan)

Etymology 4

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Northern) [ˈe̞n]
• IPA^(key): (Balearic, Central, Valencia, Northwestern) [ˈen]

Noun

en f (plural ens)

1. (traditional) alternative form of ena (“the letter N”)

Central Franconian

Etymology 1

From Old High German in.

Alternative forms

• on, ön (Eifel)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /en/

Preposition

en

1. (most dialects) in; into

Adverb

en

1. (most dialects) in

Etymology 2

From Old High German indi.

Alternative forms

• on, un (predominant)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /en/

Conjunction

en

1. (some western dialects) and

Etymology 3

From Old High German ein.

Alternative forms

• e (neuter and in some dialects masculine, before non-dental consonants)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ən/

Article

en (indefinite)

1. (most dialects) feminine nominative and accusative
2. (most dialects) neuter nominative and accusative, used before vowels and alternatively before h and dental consonants
3. (some dialects) masculine nominative, used before vowels and alternatively before h and dental consonants
4. (some dialects) masculine accusative, used before vowels and alternatively before h and dental consonants

Etymology 4

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ən/

Pronoun

en (personal, reduced)

1. (most dialects) him; masculine accusative
2. (some dialects) he; masculine nominative
3. (most dialects) them; plural dative

Chamorro

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /en/

Pronoun

en

1. ye, you (plural)

Usage notes

• en is used as a subject of a transitive verb in realis mood, and as a subject with all verbs in irrealis mood. It is in complementary distribution with hamyo, which is generally used as an object of a transitive verb, and also as a subject of an intransitive verb in realis mood.

See also

Chamorro personal pronouns

	singular	plural inclusive	plural exclusive
hu-type pronouns
1st person	hu	ta	in
2nd person	un	en
3rd person	ha	ma
yoʼ-type pronouns
1st person	yo'	hit	ham
2nd person	hao	hamyo
3rd person	gue'	siha
emphatic pronouns
1st person	guahu	hita	hami
2nd person	hagu	hamyo
3rd person	guiya	siha

References

• Donald M. Topping (1973), Chamorro Reference Grammar‎^[6], Honolulu, HI: University of Hawaii Press

Chuukese

Pronoun

en

1. Second-person singular pronoun; you

See also

Chuukese personal pronouns

		singular	plural
1st person		ngaang, nganga, ngang	áám, am (exclusive) kiich, kich (inclusive)
2nd person		een, en	áámi, ami
3rd person		iiy, i	iir, ir

Determiner

en (plural ekkan)

1. this (not in possession of the speaker)

Cimbrian

Pronoun

en

1. alternative form of in (“him”)

Further reading

• “en” in Martalar, Umberto Martello; Bellotto, Alfonso (1974), Dizionario della lingua Cimbra dei Sette Communi vicentini, 1st edition, Roana, Italy: Instituto di Cultura Cimbra A. Dal Pozzo

Cornish

Preposition

en

1. Revived Late Cornish form of yn (“in”)

Particle

en (triggers mixed mutation)

1. Revived Late Cornish form of yn (adverbial particle)

Verb

en

1. (short) first-person singular/plural simple imperfect indicative of bos (“to be”)

   Yth en vy pur skwith.

   I was very tired.

   Yth en ni pur skwith.

   We were very tired.

Crimean Tatar

Noun

en

1. width

Czech

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈɛn]

Noun

en n (indeclinable)

1. The name of the Latin script letter N/n.

Further reading

• “en”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
• “en”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989

Dalmatian

Alternative forms

• in

Etymology

From Latin in.

Preposition

en

1. in

Related terms

• nel, nei, nela

Danish

Danish numbers ^(edit)

		10
	←  0	1	2  →	10  →
Cardinal: en, et     Ordinal: første
Danish Wikipedia article on 1

Etymology

From Old Norse einn, from Proto-Germanic *ainaz (“one, some”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁óynos (“one”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /en/, [en], (stressed) [ˈeːˀn]

Article

en (neuter et)

1. a, an

Numeral

en (neuter et)

1. one

Pronoun

en or én (neuter et or ét, definite ene)

1. one

Usage notes

• Used as the oblique form of the generic pronoun man:

  Hvis ens lærer behandler en uretfærdigt, kan man klage til skolens leder

  If one's teacher treats one unfairly, one can complain to the head of the school

Dutch

Pronunciation

• (stressed) IPA^(key): /ɛn/
• (unstressed) IPA^(key): /ən/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: en
• (unstressed pronunciation) Homophone: een (“a(n)”)
• Rhymes: -ɛn

Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch ende, from Old Dutch ande, inde, from Proto-Germanic *andi, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂entí.

Conjunction

en

1. and

   De oude man en de zee. ― The Old Man and the Sea.

2. well, so

   En, hoe gaat het ermee? ― Well, how're you doing?

   En? ― Well?

   En, wat zou dat? ― So what?

3. (mathematics) plus, and

   Synonym: plus

   Drie en vier is zeven. ― Three plus four is seven.

Alternative forms

• ende (archaic)
• enne, enneh (informal, childish)

Derived terms

• door en door
• en dan
• en of
• en toch
• nou en

Descendants

• Afrikaans: en
• Berbice Creole Dutch: an
• Jersey Dutch: en
• Negerhollands: en, an
• Petjo: en
• Sranan Tongo: èn

See also

• dus
• maar
• of

Etymology 2

From Middle Dutch ne, en, from Old Dutch ne, from Proto-Germanic *ne, from Proto-Indo-European *né.

Adverb

en

1. (colloquial or dialectal in Belgium, obsolete elsewhere) not (often with another negator, see usage notes)
   • 1544, "Van proper Janneken" (song 123), in Dieuwke E. van der Poel, Dirk Geirnaert, Hermina Joldersma, J.B. Oosterman & Louis Peter Grijp (eds.) Het Antwerps liedboek, vol. 1, Lannoo (publ. 2004), page 283.

     Schoon soete lief, waert u bequame / Dat ghi mi gaeft een troostelijc woort, / Ic en soude certeyn geen ander boelken kiesen, / Al sout mi oock aen mijn leven gaen.

     Beautiful sweet darling, if it were pleasing to you / that you gave me a word of consolation, / I would certainly choose no other girlfriend, / even if it were to put my life at risk.

   • 1632, Jacob Cats, Spiegel van den ouden ende nieuwen tijt, bestaende uyt spreeckwoorden ende sinspreucken, "Een rotten appel in de mande, maeckt oock het gave fruyt te schande.", in J. van Vloten (ed.), Alle de werken, vol. 1, 1862, page 649.

     Daer magh geen rotte peer in onse manden wesen, / En wat'er niet en deught, dat dient'er uyt gelesen;

     There should not be any rotten pear in our baskets, / and what is not of decent quality, that ought be taken out of it;

   • "Herr Halewyn", A.H. Hoffmann von Fallersleben, Horae Belgicae, page 41.

     ‘Uw zoon heer Halewyn is gaen jagen, / g’ en ziet hem weêr uw levens dagen.’

     'Your son Lord Halewyn has gone hunting / you won't see him again for the rest of your life.'

   • c. 1860, Guido Gezelle, Gij zegt dat 't vlaamsch te niet zal gaan:

     Gij zegt dat 't vlaamsch te niet zal gaan: / 't en zal! / dat 't waalsch gezwets zal boven slaan: / 't en zal!

     You say that Flemish will go extinct: / no, it won't! / That Walloon banter [i.e. Belgian French, not the Walloon language] will gain the upper hand: / No, it won't!

   ...dat aldaer binnen Utrecht niet meer geacht ende respecteert en wordt, ... ― that in Utrecht is no longer valued and respected...

2. (obsolete) only, merely, no other than, none other than (together with maar)

Usage notes

• In historical usage, en is always used directly before the finite verb. When used to negate it is commonly accompanied by another negator: gij en zult niet stelen (“thou shalt not steal”), en wat er niet en deugt (“and what is not of decent quality”), ik en zoude certein geen ander boelken kiezen (“I would certainly not choose another girlfriend”). Also when used as a stand-alone negator or when combined with maar, it still stands directly before the finite verb. Use of the particle does not trigger a change in the word order.
• In Belgian Dutch it is still sometimes used in certain regional lects and in the tussentaal (“informal registers influenced by both Standard Belgian Dutch and the regional lects”). Details and frequency of use depend on what regional language variety influences a given speaker's idiom, as well as on the speaker's preferences.
  • In West Flemish usage broadly conforms to historical use: the negation particle may be used along with other negators, independentely or it may be omitted. It is also used as a stand-alone negator to contradict a previous statement that was phrased with positive polarity: Gij zegt dat 't Vlaams te niet zal gaan: / 't en zal! (“You say that Flemish will go extinct: / no, it won't!”)
  • In Belgian Brabantian it is frequently omitted, but it may also be used directly before another negator rather than before the finite verb: en niet.
• In contemporary Netherlands Dutch the use of the particle is limited to old proverbs, such as wat baten kaars en bril als de uil niet zien en wil.

Anagrams

• ne

Esperanto

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₁én

Proto-Germanic *in

Proto-West Germanic *in

Old English in

Middle English in

English inbor.

Proto-Indo-European *h₁én

Proto-Italic *en

Old Latin en

Latin in

Italian inbor.

▲

Proto-West Germanic *in

Old High German in

Middle High German in

German inbor.

▲

Latin in

Catalan enbor.

▲

Latin in

Old French en

Middle French en

French enbor.

Hungarian enbor.

Occitan enbor.

Esperanto en

Borrowed from English, Italian, and German in, Catalan, French, Hungarian, and Occitan en.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /en/

• Audio 1:

  (file)

• Audio 2:

  (file)

• Audio 3:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -en
• Syllabification: en

Preposition

en

1. in, within, inside

   Ĝi estas en la domo. ― It is in (within, inside) the house.

   • 2008, Mauro Nervi, “Rekomendo [Recommendation]”, in Geoffrey Sutton, Concise Encyclopedia of the Original Literature of Esperanto 1887–2007 (overall work in English), Mondial, →ISBN, page 3:

     En tiu senhalta medito pri sia historio, ĉiu kulturo trovas rimedojn por kompreni sian aktualon, kaj por plani sian estontecon.

     In this unending meditation on its history, every culture finds the means to understand its present, and to plan its future.

   • 2025 September 29, Jorge Nogueras, “La plej mallonga tago”, in uea.facila‎^[7], archived from the original on 12 December 2025:

     La rezulto estas kiel poezio, en kiu ĉiu vorto signife kontribuas al la rakonto.

     The result is like poetry, in which each word meaningfully contributes to the story.

2. into (when followed by a noun or phrase in the accusative case)

   Li iras en la domon. ― He goes into the house.

Derived terms

• ene

Further reading

• “en”, in Plena Ilustrita Vortaro de Esperanto [Complete Illustrated Dictionary of Esperanto], 2020, →ISBN
• “en”, in Reta Vortaro [Online Dictionary] (in Esperanto), 1997-2026
• Wells, John C. (1992), “en, at, in, into”, in Concise Esperanto and English Dictionary‎^[8], →ISBN, pages 70, 180, 280, 286
• Benson, Peter J. (1995), “aboard, at, board, in, into, per, under”, in Comprehensive English-Esperanto Dictionary‎^[9], →ISBN, pages 18, 49, 74-75, 267-268, 275, 377, 559
• Butler, Montagu C. (1967), “en”, in Esperanto-English Dictionary‎^[10], →OL, pages 111-112
• Motteau, Achille (1907), “en”, in Esperanto-English Dictionary‎^[11], →OCLC, page 32

Fala

Alternative forms

• in (Valverdeñu)

Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese en, from Latin in (“in”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁én.

Preposition

en

1. in
   • 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Chapter 2: Númerus:

     Cumu to é custión de proporciós, sin que sirva de argumentu por nun fel falta, poemus vel que en a misma Europa hai Estaus Soberarius con menus territoriu que os tres lugaris nossus, cumu: […]

     As everything is a matter of proportions, without its presence being an argument, we can see that even in Europe there are Sovereign States with less territory than our three places, such as: […]

Usage notes

• When followed by the articles u/o, a, us/os, as; it contracts to nu/no, na, nus/nos, nas respectively.
• The form in is more common in Valverdeñu.

References

• Valeš, Miroslav (2021), Diccionariu de A Fala: lagarteiru, mañegu, valverdeñu (web)‎^[12], 2nd edition, Minde, Portugal: CIDLeS, published 2022, →ISBN, page 124

Finnish

Etymology

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈen/, [ˈe̞n]
• Rhymes: -en
• Syllabification^(key): en
• Hyphenation^(key): en

Verb

en

1. first-person singular indicative of ei

Anagrams

• -ne, -ne-, ne

French

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɑ̃/, (before a vowel) /ɑ̃.n‿/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Audio (Switzerland (Valais)):

  (file)

• Audio (France (Paris)):

  (file)

• Audio (France (Toulouse)):

  (file)

• Audio (France):

  (file)

• Audio (France (Vosges)):

  (file)

• Audio (France (Lyon)):

  (file)

• Homophones: an, ans
• Rhymes: -ɑ̃

Etymology 1

From Middle French en, from Old French en, from Latin in, from Proto-Italic *en, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁én (“in”).

Preposition

en

1. in (used to indicate space, also see usage notes)

   J'habite en Angleterre. ― I live in England.

2. to (indicates direction towards certain very large locations, see usage notes)

   Il est allé en France. ― He went to France.

3. by (used to indicate means)

   aller en bus ― go by bus

   partir en voiture ― leave by car

4. as

   Il me traite en ami. ― He treats me as a friend.

   habillé en père Noël ― dressed as Father Christmas

5. at (used to describe an ability)

   fort en histoire ― good at history

6. of, made of (used to describe composition)

   une chaise en hêtre ― a chair made of beech/a beech chair

   une fourchette en métal ― a fork made of metal/a metal fork

7. in (during the following time (used for months and years))

   en 1993 ― in 1993

   en janvier ― in January

   en septembre 2001 ― in September 2001

8. (followed by a gerund) while
9. (followed by a gerund) by, in (describing a way of getting something)

   C'est en trichant qu'il est devenu champion. ― It was by cheating that he became champion.

10. in (used to describe color)

    une photo en noir et blanc ― a photo in black and white

11. in (used to describe feelings)

    en détresse ― in distress

12. in (as part of something)

    en équipe ― on a team

Usage notes

• En in the sense of while is often not translated into English.
• When referring to location in countries, provinces, or similar subdivisions in sense 1 and direction in sense 2, en must be used when the name for that very large location is either a feminine singular noun or a vowel-initial masculine singular noun. If the name for the very large location is a consonant-initial masculine singular noun, au is used, while if the name of the very large location is plural, aux is used.

Derived terms

• Saussure en Vôges
• Sucy-en-Brie
• Tremblay-en-France

Further reading

• “en”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012

Etymology 2

From Latin inde (“thence”). Compare Catalan en, Italian ne.

Pronoun

en

1. Used as the object of a verb to indicate an indefinite quantity; of it, of them. Replaces the partitive article (du, de la, etc.)

   Essaies-en !

   Try some (of it / them)!

   Tu as combien de livres ? J'en ai trois.

   How many books do you have? I have three (of them).

   Y a-t-il beaucoup de pièces ? Oui. Il y en a beaucoup.

   Are there many rooms? Yes, there are many (of them).

   Martin a trois sandwichs, mais j'en ai seulement deux.

   Martin has three sandwiches, but I have only two (of them).

   Il y en a combien ?

   How many of them are there?

   Je bois de l'alcool parce que j'en ai besoin

   I drink alcohol because I need it.

   • 1654, Blaise Pascal, Traité du triangle arithmétique:

     J'en donnerai ici la méthode, que je poursuivrai seulement en deux ou trois exemples, qui seront si aisés à continuer qu'il ne sera pas nécessaire d'en donner davantage.

     I shall give (of it) here the method that I shall pursue only in two or three examples, which will be so easy to continue that it will not be necessary to give more of them.

2. Adverbial preposition indicating movement away from a place already mentioned; from there, from it. Replaces the phrase de là or d’ici.

   Est-ce qu'elle vient de Barcelone ? Oui, elle en vient.

   Does she come from Barcelona? Yes, she comes from there.

Related terms

French personal pronouns

number	person	gender	nominative (subject)	accusative (direct complement)	dative (indirect complement)	locative (at)	genitive (of)	disjunctive (tonic)1	emphatic reflexive
singular	first	—	je, j’	me, m’		—	—	moi	moi-même
	second	—	tu	te, t’		—	—	toi	toi-même
	third	masculine	il2	le, l’	lui	y	en	lui	lui-même
		feminine	elle	la, l’				elle	elle-même
		indeterminate	on3, l’on (formal), ce4, c’, ça	—	—	—	—	—	—
		reflexive	—	se, s’5		—	—	soi	soi-même
plural	first	—	nous	nous		—	—	nous	nous-mêmes
	second6	—	vous	vous		—	—	vous	vous-mêmes, vous-même6
	third	masculine	ils7	les	leur	y	en	eux7	eux-mêmes7
		feminine	elles					elles	elles-mêmes

¹ The disjunctive (tonic) forms are also used after an explicit preposition (de/d’, à, pour, chez, dans, vers, sur, sous, ...), instead the accusative, dative, genitive, locative, or reflexive forms, where a preposition is implied.
² Il is also used as an impersonal nominative-only pronoun.
³ On can also function as a first person plural (although agreeing with third person singular verb forms).
⁴ The nominal indeterminate form ce (demonstrative) can also be used with the auxiliary verb être as a plural, instead of the proximal or distal gendered forms.
⁵ The reflexive third person singular forms (se or s’) for accusative or dative are also used as third person plural reflexive.
⁶ Vous is also used as the polite singular form, in which case the plural disjunctive tonic vous-mêmes becomes singular vous-même.
⁷ Ils, eux and eux-mêmes are also used when a group has a mixture of masculine and feminine members.

Anagrams

• N.-É., NE, NÉ, ne, né

Fula

Pronoun

en

1. first person plural inclusive pronoun;short form we

Usage notes

• Common to all varieties of Fula (Fulfulde / Pulaar / Pular).

See also

• enen
• hiɗen
• eɗen
• min

References

• Oumar Bah, Dictionnaire Pular-Français, Avec un index français-pular, Webonary.org, SIL International, 2014.
• Ritsuko Miyamoto (1993), “A Study of Fula Dialects : Examining the Continuous/Stative Constructions”, in Senri Ethnological Studies‎^[13], volume 35, →DOI, pages 215-230

Gagauz

Cyrillic		ен

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /jen/

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Anatolian Turkish اَكْ (eŋ), from Proto-Turkic *eŋ. Compare Turkish en, Azerbaijani ən.

Adverb

en

1. used to make superlatives from the following adjective or adverb, most, -est.

   en ii ― the best

   en gözäl kız ― the prettiest girl

Etymology 2

Inherited from Old Anatolian Turkish یك (yẹŋ), from Proto-Turkic *yẹŋ. Compare Turkish yen, Azerbaijani yen.

Noun

en (definite accusative eni, plural ennär)

1. sleeve, cuff

Declension

Declension of en

	singular (tekil)	plural (çoğul)
nominative (yalın)	en	ennär
definite accusative (belirtme)	eni	enneri
dative (yönelme)	enä	ennerä
locative (bulunma)	endä	ennerdä
ablative (çıkma)	endän	ennerdän
genitive (tamlayan)	enin	ennerin

Further reading

• Mavrodi M. F., editor (2019), Gagauzça-rusça sözlük: klaslar 1-4, Komrat: Gagauziya M.V. Maruneviç adına Bilim-Aaraştırma merkezi, →ISBN, page 30
• Kopuşçu M. İ., Todorova S. A., Kiräkova T.İ., editors (2019), Gagauzça-rusça sözlük: klaslar 5-12, Komrat: Gagauziya M.V. Maruneviç adına Bilim-Aaraştırma merkezi, →ISBN, page 61
• N. A Baskakov, editor (1972), “en”, in Gagauzsko-Russko-Moldavskij Slovarʹ [Gagauz-Russian-Moldovan Dictionary], Moskva: Izdatelʹstvo Sovetskaja Enciklopedija, →ISBN, page 176

Galician

Alternative forms

• em (reintegrationist)

Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese en, from Latin in, from Proto-Italic *en, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁én (“in”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈeŋ/ [ˈɪŋ]
• Rhymes: -eŋ
• Hyphenation: en

Preposition

en

1. in
2. when preceding a verb or a complement of a verb it can denote an unfinished or continued action:

   O Manuel vai na casa ― Manuel went home (implying that eventually he'll be back)

   María beberrica no licor ― María is sipping the liquor

   • 1822, anonymous author, A Parola Polêteca:

     En escoitalo, señor tio Calacú, xà o peléxo do meu corpo tembra. Sei que á tanta agua que acarrexóu amolentoulle os miolos, é por eso louquéa

     While listening to you, my sir uncle Pumpkin, my body's skin trembles. Perhaps the much water you have carried softened you brain, and therefore you are going insane

   • 1853, Xosé Manuel Pintos, A Gaita Gallega:

     xa morder ti ben non podes
     con tal podrico nos dentes,
     inda no pan teño mentes
     seique non podes chanchar

     you can no longer aptly eat
     with such rottenness in you teeth,
     even bread, I think,
     probably you cannot gnaw [chanchar means "bite", but en preceding pan, "bread", implies a repeated action]

3. while; as soon as (used in a gerundial clause to emphasize its conditional or temporal meaning)

   En chegando mudas a roupa mollada ― As soon as you arrive change your wet clothes

   • 1295, R. Lorenzo, editor, La traducción gallega de la Crónica General y de la Crónica de Castilla., Ourense: I. E. O. P. F, page 111:

     Et o conde, en chegando et ferindo logo ẽnos mouros, todo en hũu o fezo

     And the count, [just] arriving, and hurting promptly the Moors, all in one he did that

   • 1460, Rui Vasques, Corónica de Iria:

     en leendo perlos llibros algũus de canõicas antijgas, et preujlegios goticos dos santos catholicos et deuotos bispos de Yria et porla Escriptura, achey o fundamento para rreduzir aa memoria dos homes quanto durarõ çertas ydades

     [while/after] reading books, some of them of ancient canons, and Gothic privileges of the saint Catholic and devout bishops of Iria, and through the Bible, I found the foundation for reducing to the mind of men for how long some ages lasted

   • 1461, X. Ferro Couselo (ed.), A vida e a fala dos devanceiros. Escolma de documentos en galego dos séculos XIII ao XVI. 2 vols. Vigo: Galaxia, page 141:

     dito testigo en seendo moço pequeno con seu tyo Afonso Dominges, guardando o gaando en Curro do Moyño, que le dixera o dito Afonso Domingees "bees, por aquy se parte ho término do conde do de Juan d'Estúñiga

     said witness [while/when] being a young boy and together with his uncle Afonso Domínguez, watching the cattle in Curro do Muíño, he was told by said Afonso Domínguez: "you see, here the term of the count limits with that of Xoán de Estúñiga"

   • c 1850, anonymous author, folk song:

     Pasei pola túa porta;
     pedínch'auga, non ma deches;
     en pasando pola miña
     farei como ti fixeches.

     I passed by your door;
     I asked for water, you didn't give it to me.
     Whenever you pass by my door
     I'll do as yo did.

Usage notes

• The preposition en contracts to n- before articles, before third-person tonic pronouns, and before the determiners algún and outro.

Contractions of en

En + article	Combined form
en + o	no
en + a	na
en + os	nos
en + as	nas
en + un	nun
en + unha	nunha
en + uns	nuns
en + unhas	nunhas

En + pronoun	Combined form
en + ela	nela
en + elas	nelas
en + el	nel
en + eles	neles

En + dem. pronoun	Combined form
en + aquela	naquela
en + aquelas	naquelas
en + aquel	naquel
en + aqueles	naqueles
en + aquilo	naquilo
en + ese	nese
en + esa	nesa
en + eses	neses
en + esas	nesas
en + este	neste
en + esta	nesta
en + estes	nestes
en + estas	nestas
en + iso	niso
en + isto	nisto
en + outra	noutra
en + outras	noutras
en + outro	noutro
en + outros	noutros

En + adverb	Combined form
en + estoutra	nestoutra
en + estoutro	nestoutro

References

• Seoane, Ernesto Xosé González; Granja, María Álvarez de la; Agrelo, Ana Isabel Boullón (2006–2022), “en”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval [Dictionary of dictionaries of Medieval Galician] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “en”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “en”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “en”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

Haitian Creole

Etymology

From French un (“one”), from Latin ūnus (“one”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɛ̃/

Numeral

en

1. one

   Synonym: youn

References

• Targète, Jean; Urciolo, Raphael (1993), Haitian Creole-English Dictionary‎^[14], Dunwoody Press, →ISBN, page 58

Hunsrik

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /n̩/, /eːn/

Determiner

en (indefinite)

1. a, an

   Sie sitze aan em runde Disch.

   They are sitting at a round table.

Pronoun

en

1. unstressed accusative of er: him

Inflection

Hunsrik personal pronouns

			nominative		accusative		dative
			proclitic	enclitic	stressed	unstressed	stressed	unstressed
singular	1st person		ich eich	-ich	mich meich		meer	mer m'r
	2nd person (informal)		du dau/Dau	-du, -de -Dau, -De	dich deich/Deich		deer	der d'r/D'r
	3rd person	m	er; där	-er	ihn	en	ihm	em
		f	sie; die	-se	sie / ihns	se	eer ehr	re
		n	es; das et, 't	's	es et	-et, -'t	ihm	em
plural	1st person		meer	mer	uns uhs
	2nd person		deer Ehr, Dehr	der	eich Auch
	3rd person		sie; die	-se	sie	se	denne

Declension

	masculine	feminine	neuter
nom./acc.	en, e
dative	em	ener	em

Further reading

• Online Hunsrik Dictionary

Icelandic

Etymology

From Old Norse en. The comparative superior conjunction and the hesitational conjunction have developed separately into the same form. The comparative conjunction is -an in the old language; -þan on runestone probably is related to -then, while the other form (hesitational) has formed from the augmentive.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɛːn/

Adverb

en

1. how

   Nei, Elín? En gaman að sjá þig! ― Elín? How good to see you!

Conjunction

en

1. but

   Ég drekk kaffi en ég drekk ekki te. ― I drink coffee but I don't drink tea.

   Ég ætla að fá brauð en ekki mjólk. ― I'll have bread but not milk.

2. than (with an adjective in the comparative)

   Ég er betri en bróðir minn. ― I'm better than my brother.

   Hún er skemmtilegri en ég. ― She is funnier than I.

4. (formal written language) used to join closely linked sentences, similar in English to a semicolon and to then, which is etymologically the same as than
   • 2019 April 25 (last accessed), “Baldur ákærður fyrir innherjasvik og brot í opinberu starfi”, in Vísir‎^[15], archived from the original on 19 September 2016:

     Rannsókn embættis sérstaks saksóknara á meintum innherjasvikum Baldurs Guðlaugssonar stóð yfir í rúmlega ár, en FME kærði málið með bréfi til embættisins hinn 9. júlí á síðasta ári.

     The investigation of the office of a certain prosecutor of Baldur Guðlaugsson supposed insider trading lasted more than a year, then FME filed the case with a letter to the office on July 9th of last year.

5. conjunction similar to and

   Sonur hans hét Jón, en dóttir hans Ása.

   His son was named John, and his daughter, Ash.

   Veðrið var ekki gott framan af: rigning á fjallinu, en þoka í byggð.

   The weather was not good to begin with: rain in the mountains, and fog in the countryside.

Derived terms

• áður en
• betri er krókur en kelda
• betur sjá augu en auga
• fyrr en
• heldur en
• nær dauða en lífi
• sveltur sitjandi kráka en fljúgandi fær

Ido

Etymology

From French en, Spanish en, from Latin in, inde from Proto-Indo-European *én (“in”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /en/

Preposition

en

1. in

Indonesian

Etymology

From Dutch en.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɛn/, [ɛn]

Noun

èn (plural en-en)

1. The name of the Latin script letter N/n.

See also

• (Latin-script letter names) huruf; a, be, ce, de, e, ef, ge, ha, i, je, ka, el, em, en, o, pe, ki, er, es, te, u, ve, we, eks, ye, zet

Further reading

• “en”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016

Ingrian

Pronunciation

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈen/, [ˈe̞n]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈen/, [ˈe̞n]
• (Hevaha) IPA^(key): /ˈen/, [ˈe̞n]
• Rhymes: -en
• Hyphenation: en

Verb

en

1. first-person singular indicative of ei

References

• Ruben E. Nirvi (1971), Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 29
• Arvo Laanest (1997), Isuri keele Hevaha murde sõnastik, Eesti Keele Instituut, page 24

Anagrams

• ne

Japanese

Romanization

en

1. Rōmaji transcription of えん

Jersey Dutch

Etymology 1

From Dutch een (“a”). Cognates include Afrikaans 'n.

Alternative forms

• ên

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /en/, /ən/

Article

en

1. (indefinite article) Placed before a singular noun, indicating a general case of a person or thing: a, an.

Etymology 2

From Dutch en. Cognates include Afrikaans en.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ən/

Conjunction

en

1. and
   • 1912, Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsche taal— en letterkunde, volumes 31-32, page 309:

     Hai waz nît tevrêde täus en […]

     He was not content at home and […]

Kabuverdianu

Etymology

From Portuguese em.

Preposition

en

1. in

Kankanaey

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʔen/ [ʔen]
• Rhymes: -en
• Syllabification: en

Article

en

1. oblique argument
   1. a singular proper nominal marker
   2. a personal pronoun marker, wherein "en" is followed by a class III pronoun

See also

• (oblique arguments) sin, si, sis, ed, en, en da

Kankanaey personal pronouns

person / number		class I (single)	class II (transitive actor)	class III (transitive undergoer)
Tripartite split
first	singular	-ak	-ko, -k	sak-en
	plural	-kami	-mi	dakami
second	singular	-ka	-mo, -m	sik-a
	plural	-kayo	-yo	dakayo
Accusative split
third	plural	-da		daida
first + second	singular	-ta		daita
	plural	-tako		datako
Ergative split
third	singular	Ø1 / sisya	-na	Ø1 / sisya
fourth	impersonal singular/plural	Ø1	-na	Ø1 / siya
Blends
first + second	singular -ko + -ka	-naka		–
third + second	singular -na + -ka	-daka		–

¹ Null morpheme.

References

• Janet L. Allen (2014), Kankanaey: A Role and Reference Grammar Analysis‎^[16] (overall work in English), →ISBN, page 128

Kott

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Yeniseian *en (“wave”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɛn/

Noun

en (plural ênaŋ)

1. wave, specifically, a small wave

Further reading

• Matthias Alexander Castrén, Versuch Einer Jenissei-Ostjakischen Und Kottischen Sprachlehre: Nebst Aus Den Genannten Sprachen, St. Petersburg: Leopold Voss Publisher, 1858, page 200
• Werner, Heinrich (2002), Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der Jenissej-Sprachen, volume 1, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 267
• Werner, Heinrich K. (2003), Röhrborn, Klaus, Schellbach-Kopra, Ingrid, editors, M. A. Castrén und die Jenissejistik: Die Jennisej-Sprachen des 19. Jahrhunderts (Veröffentlichungen des Societas Uralo-Altaica; 62) (in German), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 175

Ladino

Preposition

en (Hebrew spelling אין)

1. in
   • 2000, David Altabé, “Ay koza triste en ser Sefaradi”, in Esther Benbassa, editor, Les Sépharades en littérature, page 164:

     En todas partes del mundo bivi,
     i pedasos de mi alma abandoni

     I've lived in all parts of the world,
     and abandoned pieces of my soul

   • 2014, Şeli GAON, “La solidaridad”, in Şalom Gazetesi‎^[17]:

     Deke la solidaridad es emportante? Porke la solidaridad es lo djusto. Porke; todos bivimos en una sosyetad...

     Why is solidarity important? Because solidarity is what is right. Because we all live in a society...

Latin

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈeːn]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈɛn]

Interjection

ēn

1. look! behold! (presenting something in a lively or indignant manner)
   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Vergilius, Aeneis 4.534:

     “Ēn, quid agō?”

     “Look, what am I doing?”
     (Sleepless Dido considers her limited options. Regarding “ēn” in this context, R.G. Austin (1963) comments: “‘See’, or ‘Lo!’ in English does not really bring out its force, which is a mixture of exasperation and despair.”)

2. really!? (surprise or anger in questions)
3. come on! (exhortation to action in imperatives)

See also

• em
• hem

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈɛn]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈɛn]

Noun

en n or f (indeclinable)

1. The name of the letter N.

Usage notes

• Multiple Latin names for the letter N, n have been suggested. The most common is en or a syllabic n, although there is some evidence which also supports, as names for the letter, nē, ən, nə, and even (in the fourth- or fifth-century first Antinoë papyrus, which gives Greek transliterations of the Latin names of the Roman alphabet’s letters) ιννε (inne).

Coordinate terms

• (Latin-script letter names) littera; ā, bē, cē, dē, ē, ef, gē, hā / *acca, ī, kā, el, em, en, ō, pē, kū, er, es, tē, ū, ix / īx / ex, ȳ / ī graeca / ȳpsīlon, zēta

References

• en in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “en”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Arthur E. Gordon, The Letter Names of the Latin Alphabet (University of California Press, 1973; volume 9 of University of California Publications: Classical Studies), especially pages 30–31, 42–44, and 63

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈɛn]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈɛn]

Preposition

en (+ accusative, ablative)

1. (Old Latin) alternative form of in (“in, within”)

Latvian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɛn]

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

en m (invariable)

1. The Latvian name of the Latin script letter N/n.

See also

• Latvian letter names:

  a (A), garais ā (Ā), bē (B), cē (C), čē (Č), dē (D), e (E), garais ē (Ē), ef (F), gā (G), ģē (Ģ), hā (H), i (I), garais ī (Ī), jē (J), kā (K), ķē (Ķ), el (L), eļ (Ļ), em (M), en (N), eņ (Ņ), o (O), pē (P), er (R), es (S), eš (Š), tē (T), u (U), garais ū (Ū), vē (V), zē (Z), žē (Ž)

Leonese

Etymology

Inherited from Latin in.

Preposition

en

1. in

Usage notes

When followed by an article, en is combined with the next word to give the following combined forms:

Contractions of en

en + article	Combined form
en + el	nel
en + la	na
en + lu	nu
en + los	nos
en + las	nas

en + article	Combined form
en + un	nun
en + una	nuna
en + unos	nunos
en + unas	nunas

en + pronoun	Combined form
en + el	nél
en + eilla	neilla
en + eillu	neillu
en + eillos	neillos
en + eillas	neillas

en + dem. adjective	Combined form	en + dem. pronoun	Combined form
en + esti	nesti	en + ésti	nésti
en + esta	nesta	en + ésta	nésta
en + estu	nestu	en + éstu	néstu
en + estos	nestos	en + éstos	néstos
en + estas	nestas	en + éstas	néstas

en + dem. adjective	Combined form	en + dem. pronoun	Combined form
en + esi	nesi	en + ési	nési
en + esa	nesa	en + ésa	nésa
en + esu	nesu	en + ésu	nésu
en + esos	nesos	en + ésos	nésos
en + esas	nesas	en + ésas	nésas

en + dem. adjective	Combined form	en + dem. pronoun	Combined form
en + aquel	naquel	en + aquél	naquél
en + aqueilla	naqueilla	en + aquéilla	naquéilla
en + aqueillu	naqueillu	en + aquéillu	naquéillu
en + aqueillos	naqueillos	en + aquéillos	naquéillos
en + aqueillas	naqueillas	en + aquéillas	naquéillas

References

• AEDLL

Livvi

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈen/
• Hyphenation: en
• Rhymes: -en

Verb

en

1. first-person singular indicative of ei

References

• N. Gilojeva; S. Rudakova (2009), Karjalan kielen Livvin murdehen algukursu [Beginners' course of Karelian language's Livvi dialect]‎^[18] (in Livvi), Petrozavodsk, →ISBN, page 20
• Olga Žarinova (2012), Pagizemmo Karjalakse [Let's speak Karelian], St Petersburg, →ISBN, page 142
• Tatjana Boiko (2019), “ei”, in Suuri Karjal-Venʹalaine Sanakniigu (livvin murreh) [The Big Karelian-Russian dictionary (Livvi dialect)], 2nd edition, →ISBN, page 38

Low German

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɛɪ̯n/, /ˈeːn/, /ˈæɪ̯n/, /ˈeːɪ̯n/

Article

en m or n (indefinite article)

1. (in some dialects) alternative form of een (“a, an”)

Numeral

en

1. (in some dialects, including Low Prussian) alternative form of een (“one (1)”)

Lower Sorbian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɛn/

Noun

en m inan

1. The name of the Latin script letter n/N.

See also

• (Latin-script letter names) a, bej, cej, čet, ćej, dej, ej, ět, ef, gej, ha, cha, i, jot, ka, eł, el, em, en, ejn, o, pej, er, ejŕ, es, eš, śej, tej, u, wej, y, zet, žet, źej

Lule Sami

Verb

en

1. first-person dual present of ij

Luxembourgish

Etymology

From Old High German ein, from Proto-Germanic *ainaz.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ən]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ən
• Homophone: Ënn

Article

en m or n

1. Indefinite article; a, an

   Ech droen en Hutt, wann et reent. ― I wear a hat when it rains.

   Hues du e bloe Stëft? ― Do you have a blue pen?

Declension

Luxembourgish indefinite articles

	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter
nom./acc.	en	eng	en	(eng)
dative	engem	enger	engem	(engen)

Plural forms indicate a vague number (before numerals and certain adjectives).

Pronoun

en

1. unstressed form of hien

   Hues de n e gefrot? ― Have you asked him?

2. unstressed form of hinnen

   Ech hunn et e gesot. ― I told it them

Usage notes

• Due to the Eifel Rule, the final -n is lost when the following word begins with a consonant other than <d>, <h>, <n>, <t> or <z>.

Declension

Luxembourgish personal pronouns

				nominative		accusative		dative		reflexive
				stressed	unstressed	stressed	unstressed	stressed	unstressed
singular	1st person			ech	—	mech	—	mir	mer	like dat. and acc.
	2nd person	informal		du	de	dech	—	dir	der	like dat. and acc.
		formal		Dir	Der	Iech	Iech [əɕ]	Iech	Iech [əɕ]	Iech
	3rd person		m	hien	en	hien	en	him	em	sech
			f	si	se	si	se	hir	er	sech
			n	hatt	et ('t)	hatt	et ('t)	him	em	sech
plural	1st person			mir	mer	eis (ons)	—	eis (ons)	—	eis (ons)
	2nd person			dir	der	iech	iech [əɕ]	iech	iech [əɕ]	iech
	3rd person			si	se	si	se	hinnen	en	sech

Mandarin

Romanization

en (en⁵ / en⁰, Zhuyin ˙ㄣ)

1. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 嗯

Romanization

en

1. nonstandard spelling of ēn
2. nonstandard spelling of én
3. nonstandard spelling of ěn
4. nonstandard spelling of èn

Usage notes

• Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

Middle Dutch

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /en/

Adverb

en

1. alternative form of ne (“not”)

Conjunction

en

1. alternative form of ende (“and”)

Middle English

Preposition

en

1. alternative form of in (“in”)

Middle French

Etymology

From Old French en, from Latin in.

Preposition

en

1. on; on to

Descendants

• French: en

Middle Low German

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *ne (“not”).

Pronunciation

Unknown, possibly IPA^(key): /ɛn/ or /ən/.

Particle

en m

1. not; negates a verb, usage is facultative if it leads to a double negative

   Idt en sal nümant syn Erve vryg verkopenn dar ander lüde wat anne hebbet. he en segget den kop to varenn.

   Nobody shall [not] sell his inheritance, to which other people have rights attached, freely, unless he tell this to the buyer beforehand...

2. unless

   Idt en sal nümant syn Erve vryg verkopenn dar ander lüde wat anne hebbet. he en segget den kop to varenn.

   Nobody shall sell his inheritance, to which other people have rights attached, freely, unless he tell this to the buyer beforehand...

Alternative forms

• ne (older, Eastphalian)

Mizo

Etymology

From Proto-Kuki-Chin *ʔen.

Verb

en

1. to look at

Derived terms

• enfiah

Further reading

• Lorrain, J. Herbert (1940), “en”, in Dictionary of the Lushai language, Calcutta: Asiatic Society

Movima

Verb

en

1. to stand

Further reading

• http://webdoc.ubn.ru.nl/mono/h/haude_k/gramofmo.pdf
• https://web.archive.org/web/20170516185108/http://www.ioling.org/booklets/iol-2007-indiv-prob.en.pdf

Norwegian Bokmål

Norwegian Bokmål cardinal numbers

<  0	1	2  >
Cardinal : en     Ordinal : første

Etymology

From Old Norse einn, from Proto-Germanic *ainaz (“one, some”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁óynos (“one”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /eːn/ (stressed)
• IPA^(key): /ən/ (unstressed)

• Audio:

  (file)

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -eːn, -ən
• Hyphenation: en
• Homophone: -en

Article

en m (feminine ei or (non-standard since 1938) e, neuter et)

1. a, an (indefinite article)

Numeral

en m (feminine ei, neuter ett, stressed én)

1. one

Derived terms

• endimensjonal
• ene
• enegget
• enhet
• enkel
• enslig
• enstemmig
• entydig

See also

• ein (Nynorsk)

References

• “en” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology 1

Conjunction

en

1. (pre-1901) alternative form of enn

Etymology 2

Article

en

1. (dialectal, nonstandard) alternative form of ein

Etymology 3

Preposition

en

1. Used as part of set phrases from French

Etymology 4

Conjunction

en

1. Used as part of the expression stopp en hal

Old French

Alternative forms

• in (10th century)

Etymology

From Latin in.

Pronunciation

• (archaic) IPA^(key): /en/
• (classical, late) IPA^(key): /an/

Preposition

en

1. in; inside
   • 1377, Bernard de Gordon, Fleur de lis de medecine (a.k.a. lilium medicine):

     Et pour ce qu’il se complaint moult de froit et horipilacion, pour ce au commencement on luy doit mettre les piés et les mains en eaue chaulde

     And if he complains about cold and shivers, to start with one must put his feet and is hands in hot water

2. on; upon
   • 12th Century, Unknown, Raoul de Cambrai:

     qi en la crois fu mis

     [He] who was put on the cross

3. in (experiencing an emotion, a feeling, etc.)

   en paine ― in pain

4. in (indicates a language)

   en latin ― in Latin

Descendants

• Middle French: en
  • French: en
• Norman: en

Old Frisian

Old Frisian numbers ^(edit)

		10
		1	2  →	10  →
Cardinal: ēn     Ordinal: ērest

Alternative forms

• ān
• (Late Old Frisian) een

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *ain. Cognates include Old English ān and Old Saxon ēn.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈeːn/, [ˈɛːn]

Numeral

ēn m or n

1. one

   ēn skilling ― one shilling

Article

ēn m or n

1. a, an

Declension

Declension of ēn

	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	ēn, ān	ēne	ēn
accusative	ēnne, ānne	ēne	ēn
genitive	ēnes	ēnere, ēnre	ēnes
dative	ēne	ēnere, ēnre	ēne

Descendants

• North Frisian: een m (Föhr), ään m, ian f or n (Amrum), åån, aan m, iin f or n (Goesharde), aon m, ian f or n (Halligen), iaan, jaan (Heligoland), ån m, iinj f or n (Mooring), jen (Sylt), oan m, iin f or n (Wiedingharde)
• Saterland Frisian: aan m, een f or n
• West Frisian: ien

References

• Bremmer, Rolf H. (2009), An Introduction to Old Frisian: History, Grammar, Reader, Glossary, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, →ISBN

Old Galician-Portuguese

Etymology

From Latin in (“in”), from Proto-Italic *en, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁én (“in”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈẽ/

Preposition

en

1. in
   • a. 1284, Alfonso X of Castile, Cantigas de Santa Maria, Códice de los músicos, cantiga 294 (facsimile):

     [C]omo hũa moller q̇ iogaua os dados en pulla lançou hũa pedra aa omagen de ſṫa maṙi[a] poꝛ q̇ perdera ⁊ parou un angeo de pedra que y eſtaua a mão ⁊ reçibiu o colpe.

     How a woman who was playing dice in Apulia threw a stone at the statue of Holy Mary because she had lost, and an angel of stone which was there reached out its hand and received the blow.

Descendants

• Fala: en
• Galician: en
• Portuguese: em

Old Norse

Etymology 1

From Proto-Germanic *anþi, *andi. Unstressed doublet of enn (“yet, still”).

Conjunction

en

2. but
3. (as a copulative): and

   Synonym: ok

Descendants

• Icelandic: en
• Faroese: enn
• Norwegian Nynorsk: enn, en
• Norwegian Bokmål: enn
• Old Swedish: æn
  • Swedish: än
• Old Danish: æn
  • Danish: end

Etymology 2

From earlier an (“than”). Ultimately from Proto-Germanic *þan, possibly through *þannai, whence cognate with Old English þonne (“than”). For similar loss of þ- compare at from earlier Proto-Norse ᚦᚨᛏ (þat), ᚦᛡᛏ (þᴀt).

Conjunction

en

2. than

   Synonym: an

Descendants

• Icelandic: en
• Norwegian Nynorsk: enn
• Norwegian Bokmål: enn
• Old Swedish: æn
  • Swedish: än
• Old Danish: æn
  • Danish: end

Further reading

• Zoëga, Geir T. (1910), “en”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press; also available at the Internet Archive

Old Occitan

Pronoun

en

1. of it; of them
   • 12th century, Bernard de Ventadour, Can vei la lauzeta mover

     Ailas! Tan cuidava saber
     D'amor, e tan petit en sai,

     Alas! I thought I knew so much
     about love, and I know so little [of it]!

Old Saxon

Old Saxon cardinal numbers

<  0	1	2  >
Cardinal : ēn

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *ain.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɛːn/

Numeral

en m

1. one
   • 9th c. Heliand, verse 2637

     thoh uui hēr te meti habdin garu im te geƀanne sō uui mahtin fargelden mēst tueho uuāri is noh than that iro ēnig thar ēnes gināmi

     Though we had food that we should buy to give him. The most doubt is still there that anyone once felt

   • 9th c. Heliand, verse 3880

     ēn aftar ōđrumu...

     one after another...

Article

en m

1. a, an (rarely used)
   • 9th c. Heliand, verse 2984-2985

     Thar imu tegėgnes quam ēn idis fan āðrom thiodun; siu was iru aðaligeburdeo...

     There towards him a woman came from another nation; she was of their noble-birth...

Declension

Declension of ēn

	masculine	neuter	feminine
nominative	ēn	ēn	ēn
accusative	ēnana	ēn	ēna
genitive	ēnes	ēnes	ēnaro
dative	ēnumu	ēnumu	ēnaro

Descendants

• Middle Low German: ên, ein
  • Low German: ein, en
    • Low German: een
    • Westphalian:

      Lippisch: eun

      Ravensbergisch: åine

      Sauerländisch: ên

      Westmünsterländisch: een, eene, ne

  • Plautdietsch: een

Old Swedish

Etymology

From Old Norse einn, from Proto-Germanic *ainaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁óynos.

Numeral

ēn m or f

1. one

Pennsylvania German

Etymology

Compare German ein.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɛn/

Article

en

1. a, an

Declension

Declension of en

	singular				plural
	m	f	n
nominative	en	en	en		–
dative	emme me	re	emme me		–
accusative	en	en	en		–

Pronoun

en

1. accusative of er: him

Declension

Pennsylvania German personal pronouns

Number	singular						plural
Person/ Gender	1st	2nd person		3rd person			1st	2nd	3rd
		familiar	polite/formal	m	f	n
nominative	ich	du de1	dihr der1 Sie	er	sie se1	es	mir mer1	dihr der1	sie
dative	mir mer1	dir der1	eich Ihne Ne1	ihm em1	ihre re1	ihm em1	uns	eich	ihne ne1
accusative	mich	dich	eich Sie	ihn en1	sie se1	es			sie

¹ unstressed

Plautdietsch

Etymology 1

From Middle Low German in, from Old Saxon in, from Proto-Germanic *in.

Alternative forms

• enn

Preposition

en

1. in

Derived terms

• em

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Conjunction

en

1. alternative form of un; and

Polish

Etymology

Phonetic spelling of the letter.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɛn/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɛn
• Syllabification: en

Noun

en n (indeclinable)

1. The name of the Latin script letter N/n.

Further reading

• “en”, in Polish dictionaries at PWN‎^[19] (in Polish)

Slovene

Slovene numbers ^(edit)

		10
	←  0	1	2  →	10  →
Cardinal: en     Nominalized cardinal: eden     Cardinal prefix: eno-     Ordinal: prvi     Fixed ordinal: prvoten     Latinate ordinal: primaren     Ordinal prefix: prvo-     Number: ena     Digit: enka     Digit place: enica     Adverbial: prvič     Krat adverbial: prvikrat     Multiplier: enojen     Krat multiplier: enkrat     Fixed multiplier: enkraten     Adverbial multiplier: enojno     Latinate multiplier: singleten     Multiplier verb: poeniti     Multiplier prefix: enojn-     Krat multiplier prefix: enkratn-     Krat adverbial multiplier: enkratno     Collective: enoje     Separable collective: enoj     Greek or Latinate collective: monada     Greek collective prefix: mono-     Latinate collective prefix: uni-     Fractional: enina     Greek prefix: proto-     Number of musicians: solo

Etymology

Contraction of earlier êden, from Proto-Slavic *(j)edinъ.

Pronunciation 1

• IPA^(key): /ɛ́n/
• Rhymes: -ɛn
• Hyphenation: en

Numeral

ȅn

1. one

Usage notes

The form éden is used when the word does not modify a noun directly, but stands in predicate position. When counting or reciting numbers, the feminine form éna is normally used (see the number box).

Declension

First declension (hard), fixed accent
	masculine	feminine	neuter
nom sg	ȅn	éna	éno
singular
	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative imenovȃlnik	ȅn	éna	éno
genitive rodȋlnik	énega	éne	énega
dative dajȃlnik	énemu	éni	énemu
accusative tožȋlnik	nominanim genanim	éno	éno
locative mẹ̑stnik	énem	éni	énem
instrumental orọ̑dnik	énim	éno	énim
(vocative) (ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik)	ȅn	ȇna	ȇno

Other forms
	positive	comparative	superlative
accusative singular masculine isolated form	énega	–	–
accusative singular neuter isolated form	éno, énega	–	–
adverb	–	–	–

Derived terms

• enóta

Determiner

ȅn

1. (colloquial) some (someone/something – indefinite determiner)

   Synonyms: nekȁk, nekȁkšen

   Eni moški stojijo tam. ― Some men are standing there.

2. (colloquial, also unstressed) some (someone/something arbitrary – unspecified determiner)

   Synonyms: kāk, kākšen

Declension

First declension (hard), fixed accent
	masculine	feminine	neuter
nom sg	én	éna	éno
singular
	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative imenovȃlnik	én	éna	éno
genitive rodȋlnik	énega	éne	énega
dative dajȃlnik	énemu	éni	énemu
accusative tožȋlnik	nominanim genanim	éno	éno
locative mẹ̑stnik	énem, énemu	éni	énem, énemu
instrumental orọ̑dnik	énim	éno	énim
(vocative) (ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik)	ȇn	ȇna	ȇno
dual
	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative imenovȃlnik	éna	éni	éni
genitive rodȋlnik	énih	énih	énih
dative dajȃlnik	énima	énima	énima
accusative tožȋlnik	éna	éni	éni
locative mẹ̑stnik	énih	énih	énih
instrumental orọ̑dnik	énima	énima	énima
(vocative) (ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik)	ȇna	éni	éni
plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative imenovȃlnik	éni	éne	éna
genitive rodȋlnik	énih	énih	énih
dative dajȃlnik	énim	énim	énim
accusative tožȋlnik	éne	éne	éna
locative mẹ̑stnik	énih	énih	énih
instrumental orọ̑dnik	énimi	énimi	énimi
(vocative) (ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik)	ȇni	ȇne	ȇna

Positive definite forms
singular
	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative imenovȃlnik	éni	éna	éno
genitive rodȋlnik	énega	éne	énega
dative dajȃlnik	énemu	éni	énemu
accusative tožȋlnik	nominanim genanim	éno	éno
locative mẹ̑stnik	énem, énemu	éni	énem, énemu
instrumental orọ̑dnik	énim	éno	énim
(vocative) (ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik)	ȇni	ȇna	ȇno
dual
	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative imenovȃlnik	éna	éni	éni
genitive rodȋlnik	énih	énih	énih
dative dajȃlnik	énima	énima	énima
accusative tožȋlnik	éna	éni	éni
locative mẹ̑stnik	énih	énih	énih
instrumental orọ̑dnik	énima	énima	énima
(vocative) (ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik)	ȇna	ȇni	ȇni
plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative imenovȃlnik	éni	éne	éna
genitive rodȋlnik	énih	énih	énih
dative dajȃlnik	énim	énim	énim
accusative tožȋlnik	éne	éne	éna
locative mẹ̑stnik	énih	énih	énih
instrumental orọ̑dnik	énimi	énimi	énimi
(vocative) (ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik)	ȇni	ȇne	ȇna

Other forms
	positive	comparative	superlative
accusative singular masculine isolated form	énega	–	–
accusative singular neuter isolated form	éno, énega	–	–
adverb	–	–	–

Noun

ȅn m anim

1. (regional) alternative form of éden

Pronunciation 2

• IPA^(key): /ɛn/

Article

en

1. (colloquial, regional) a

   To je ena velika izmišljotina! ― This is a big made-up story.

Further reading

• “en”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
• “en”, in Termania, Amebis
• See also the general references

Sougb

Pronoun

en

1. he/she/it

See also

Inflection of en

			simple		reflexive
			stem	iotated
singular	first-person		dan	dani	danin
	second-person		ban	bani	banin
	third-person		en	eni	enin
dual	first-person	exclusive	aman	amani	amanin
		inclusive	nanan	nanani	nananin
	second-person		yan	yani	yanin
	third-person		lan	lani	lanin
plural	first-person	exclusive	emen	emeni	emenin
		inclusive	maman	mamani	mamanin
	second-person		yen	yeni	yenin
	third-person		len	leni	lenin

References

• A Grammar Sketch of Sougb, in Languages of the Eastern Bird's Head (2002)

Spanish

Etymology

From Old Spanish en, from Latin in, from Proto-Italic *en, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁én (“in”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /en/ [ẽn]

  • Audio (Spain):

    (file)

  • Rhymes: -en
  • Syllabification: en
• IPA^(key): /ˈem/ [ˈẽm] (before b, v, p)

Preposition

en

1. in, at, on

   en un bus ― on/in a bus

   en (el) Internet ― on the Internet

   en una tienda ― at/in a store

   Estoy en casa. ― I'm at home./I'm home.

   estar sentado en una mesa/un escritorio/una computadora ― to (be) sit(ting) at a table/a desk/a computer

   en esta página ― on this page

   en la caja que está en la mesa ― in the box that's on the table

   • 2024 November 8, Kaitlan Collins, “Batallas desde el patio de Mar-a-Lago: cómo el equipo de Trump compite por los puestos”, in CNN en Español‎^[20], archived from the original on 11 November 2024:

     Esas conversaciones en voz baja se convirtieron ahora en una auténtica batalla que se desarrolla directamente desde el patio del club Mar-a-Lago de Trump en Palm Beach, Florida.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

2. in (a time)

   en la antigüedad ― in antiquity

   en 1999 ― in 1999

   en cinco minutos ― in five minutes

3. in (a language)

   hablar en español ― to speak in Spanish

   Este libro está en español.

   This book is in Spanish.

   No conozco esta palabra en francés.

   I don't know this word in French.

   en todos los idiomas ― in all languages

4. used after some verbs and translated by various prepositions in English

   Pienso en ti. ― I'm thinking of you.

5. in (in various expressions)

   en el sentido ― in the sense

   en nuestro afán ― in our eagerness

Derived terms

• aquí y en China, aquí y en la China, aquí y en Pekín
• en casa
• en clase
• en cuanto
• en cuanto a
• en fin
• en mi opinión
• en mi parecer
• en paro
• en serio
• en vano

Further reading

• “en”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8.1, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 15 December 2025
• “en”, in Diccionario de americanismos [Dictionary of Americanisms] (in Spanish), Association of Academies of the Spanish Language [Spanish: Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española], 2010

Sranan Tongo

Alternative forms

• hem (obsolete)

Etymology

From older hem, from English him.

Pronoun

en

1. Third-person singular possessive determiner/pronoun; his, her, its

Pronoun

en

1. Third-person singular object pronoun; him, her, it
2. Contrastive variant of a; he, she, it.

Sumerian

Romanization

en

1. romanization of 𒂗 (en)

Swedish

Etymology 1

From Old Swedish ēn, æn, from Old Norse einn, from Proto-Germanic *ainaz (“one, some”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁óynos (“one”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɛnː/; /ɛŋː/ (numeral and article when used before g in close syntactic connection)
• IPA^(key): /eːn/

• Audio (Gotland):

  (file)

• Homophones: än, N, n
• Rhymes: -ɛnː

Pronoun

en (genitive ens)

1. object form of the indefinite pronoun man ("one," "you")

   Det man inte vet skadar en inte

   What one doesn’t know doesn’t hurt one.

2. (dialectal, colloquial) one, you

   Det en inte vet har en inte ont av.

   What you don't know can't hurt you.

Usage notes

• Besides being the subject form in some dialects and vernaculars, en is sometimes deliberately used as an alternative subject form of the indefinite pronoun man, which is a homonymous derivative of the noun man ("man"). This development is in some ways parallel to the gender-neutral pronoun hen.

Declension

Swedish personal pronouns

Number	Person		nominative	oblique	possessive
					common	neuter	plural
singular	first	—	jag	mig, mej3	min	mitt	mina
	second	—	du	dig, dej3	din	ditt	dina
	third	masculine (person)	han	honom, han2, en5	hans
		feminine (person)	hon	henne, na5	hennes
		gender-neutral (person)1	hen	hen, henom7	hens
		common (noun)	den	den	dess
		neuter (noun)	det	det	dess
		indefinite	man or en4	en	ens
		reflexive	—	sig, sej3	sin	sitt	sina
plural	first	—	vi	oss	vår, våran2	vårt, vårat2	våra
	second	—	ni	er	er, eran2, ers6	ert, erat2	era
		archaic	I	eder	eder, eders6	edert	edra
	third	—	de, dom3	dem, dom3	deras
		reflexive	—	sig, sej3	sin	sitt	sina

¹Neologism. Usage has increased since 2010, though it remains limited.

²Informal

³Colloquial pronunciation spelling.

⁴Dialectal, also used lately as an alternative to man, to avoid association to the male gender.

⁵Informal, somewhat dialectal

⁶Formal address

⁷Discouraged by the Swedish Language Council

Numeral

Swedish numbers ^(edit)

		10
	←  0	1	2  →	10  →
Cardinal: ett, en     Ordinal: första     Ordinal abbreviation: 1:a     Fractional: hel

en (neuter ett)

1. one

   Vill du ha en eller två?

   Would you like one or two?

   (literally, “Do you want one or two? ["Would you like ..." is a better match for tone]”)

Coordinate terms

Swedish cardinal numbers from 0 to 99

	—0	—1	—2	—3	—4	—5	—6	—7	—8	—9
0—	noll	ett, en	två	tre	fyra	fem	sex	sju	åtta	nio
10—	tio	elva	tolv	tretton	fjorton	femton	sexton	sjutton	arton	nitton
20—	tjugo	tjugoett, tjugoen	tjugotvå	tjugotre	tjugofyra	tjugofem	tjugosex	tjugosju	tjugoåtta	tjugonio
30—	trettio	trettioett, trettioen	trettiotvå	trettiotre	trettiofyra	trettiofem	trettiosex	trettiosju	trettioåtta	trettionio
40—	fyrtio	fyrtioett, fyrtioen	fyrtiotvå	fyrtiotre	fyrtiofyra	fyrtiofem	fyrtiosex	fyrtiosju	fyrtioåtta	fyrtionio
50—	femtio	femtioett, femtioen	femtiotvå	femtiotre	femtiofyra	femtiofem	femtiosex	femtiosju	femtioåtta	femtionio
60—	sextio	sextioett, sextioen	sextiotvå	sextiotre	sextiofyra	sextiofem	sextiosex	sextiosju	sextioåtta	sextionio
70—	sjuttio	sjuttioett, sjuttioen	sjuttiotvå	sjuttiotre	sjuttiofyra	sjuttiofem	sjuttiosex	sjuttiosju	sjuttioåtta	sjuttionio
80—	åttio	åttioett, åttioen	åttiotvå	åttiotre	åttiofyra	åttiofem	åttiosex	åttiosju	åttioåtta	åttionio
90—	nittio	nittioett, nittioen	nittiotvå	nittiotre	nittiofyra	nittiofem	nittiosex	nittiosju	nittioåtta	nittionio

Swedish cardinal numbers from 100 onward

• 100: hundra
• 10³: tusen
• 10⁴: tiotusen (myriad)
• 10⁶: miljon
• 10⁹: miljard
• 10¹²: biljon
• 10¹⁵: biljard
• 10¹⁸: triljon
• 10²¹: triljard
• 10²⁴: kvadriljon
• 10²⁷: kvadriljard
• 10³⁰: kvintiljon
• 10³³: kvintiljard
• 10³⁶: sextiljon
• 10³⁹: sextiljard
• 10⁴²: septiljon
• 10⁴⁵: septiljard
• 10⁴⁸: oktiljon
• 10⁵¹: oktiljard
• 10⁵⁴: noniljon
• 10⁵⁷: noniljard
• 10⁶⁰: deciljon
• 10⁶³: deciljard
• 10⁶⁶: undeciljon
• 10⁶⁹: undeciljard
• 10⁷²: duodeciljon
• 10⁷⁵: duodeciljard
• 10⁷⁸: tredeciljon
• 10⁸¹: tredeciljard
• 10⁸⁴: quattuordeciljon
• 10⁸⁷: quattuordeciljard
• …
• 10¹⁰⁰: googol
• …
• 10¹²⁰: vigintiljon
• 10¹²³: vigintiljard
• …

Related terms

• en-ord
• ena
• enahanda
• enaktare
• enande
• enare
• enarmad
• enarmslyft
• enarådande
• enas
• enastående
• enbarnsfamilj
• enbart
• enbo
• enbyggare
• enbäddsrum
• encellig
• endagskonferens
• endagsstrejk
• endera
• endimensionell
• endräkt
• endräktig
• eneggad
• enfald
• enfaldig
• enfaldighet
• enfamiljshus
• enfamiljsvilla
• enfas
• enfasig
• enfilig
• enformig
• enformighet
• enfrågeparti
• enfröig
• enfärgad
• enfödd
• enföräldersfamilj
• engifte
• engradig
• engångs-
• enhandsräddning
• enhet
• enhetlig
• enhetlighet
• enhjuling
• enhjärtbladig
• enhällig
• enhänt
• enhörning
• enig
• enighet
• ening
• enkammarriksdag
• enkammarsystem
• enkilosburk
• enklang
• enkornsfrö
• enkrona
• enkönad
• enlighet
• enligt
• enlitersflaska
• enlitersförpackning
• enläkarstation
• enmans
• enmastad
• enmastare
• enmotorig
• enpartiregering
• enpartistat
• enpartisystem
• enpartivälde
• enpersonshushåll
• enplans
• enplanshus
• enplansvilla
• enprocentig
• enpucklig
• enradig
• enrum
• enrummare
• enrummig
• enrums
• enrumslägenhet
• enrådig
• enrådighet
• ens
• ensa
• ensak
• ensam
• ensamhet
• ensamt
• ensartad
• ense
• ensidig
• ensidighet
• ensiffrig
• enskifte
• enskild
• enskildhet
• enslig
• enslighet
• ensling
• enspaltig
• enspråkig
• enspråkighet
• enspårig
• enstaka
• enstavig
• enstavighet
• enstensmur
• enstjärnig
• enstrofig
• ensträngad
• enstämmig
• enstämmighet
• enständig
• enstörig
• enstörighet
• enstöring
• ental
• entimmesparkering
• entonig
• entonighet
• entonnare
• enträgen
• entums
• entumsbräda
• entydig
• entydighet
• entypsbåt
• envar
• enveten
• envetenhet
• envetnas
• envig
• envis
• envisas
• envishet
• envåldshärskare
• envånings
• envåningshus
• envägs
• envälde
• enväldig
• envärd
• enäggig
• enäggstvilling
• enögd
• enögdhet

Article

en c (neuter ett)

2. the indefinite article: a, an.

   Jag såg en björn i skogen

   I saw a bear in the forest

Declension

• en and ett are invariable in the singular, as nominative en konung (a king) and genitive en konungs (a king's).
• Generally, Swedish tends to be a bit more lenient about dropping the indefinite article compared to English. As an example, "Taxar har långsträckt kropp" (Dachshunds have elongated body) reads well in Swedish, whereas you might rephrase it as "have elongated bodies" in English. This is especially prominent with roles, where you would say "Hon är läkare" (She is doctor), for example – see vara (“be”). "Taxar har en långsträckt kropp" also works, and is something native speakers would say. It just feels slightly less polished in some contexts.
• A rule of thumb for simple cases like "has property" ("Han har stor näsa" – "He has a big nose") and "is role" ("Hon är läkare" – "She is a doctor") might be that the indefinite article can be dropped if someone might quip, "Oh, as opposed to two big noses, doctors, etc.?" (though it doesn't sound that bad). In "Jag såg en bil" (I saw a car), the en is essential information and would never be dropped, though "Jag har bil" (I have car) is idiomatic for owning a car (or several) – perhaps because a single car would normally be implied and the exact number is usually irrelevant.
• The genitive enes and the dative enom are dated.

Etymology 2

From earlier ene (sometimes also ener), from Old Norse einir.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /eːn/

Noun

en c

1. juniper

Declension

Declension of en

		nominative	genitive
singular	indefinite	en	ens
	definite	enen	enens
plural	indefinite	enar	enars
	definite	enarna	enarnas

Related terms

• enbacke
• enbuske
• enbär
• ene
• enebuske
• enris
• enrisrökt
• enruska
• entita

References

• “en”, in Svensk ordbok [Dictionary of Swedish] (in Swedish)
• “en”, in Svenska Akademiens ordlista [Wordlist of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish)
• “en”, in Svenska Akademiens ordbok [Dictionary of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish)
• han in Elof Hellquist, Svensk etymologisk ordbok (1st ed., 1922)
• Brüch, Josef (1922), “Lateinische Etymologien”, in Indogermanische Forschungen. Zeitschrift für Indogermanistik und allgemeine Sprachwissenschaft‎^[21] (in German), volume 40, Berlin und Leipzig: Walter de Gruyter & Co., pages 225–226

Anagrams

• -ne

Tagalog

Etymology

Borrowed from English en, the English name of the letter N / n.

Pronunciation

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /ʔen/ [ʔɛn̪]
• Rhymes: -en
• Syllabification: en

Noun

en (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜈ᜔)

1. the name of the Latin script letter N/n, in the Filipino alphabet

   Synonyms: (in the Abakada alphabet) na, (in the Abecedario) ene

Derived terms

• gatlang en

See also

• (Latin-script letter names) titik; ey, bi, si, di, i, ef, dyi, eyts, ay, dyey, key, el, em, en, enye, en dyi, o, pi, kyu, ar, es, ti, yu, vi, dobolyu, eks, way, zi

Further reading

• “en”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, 2018

Anagrams

• ne

Tedim Chin

Etymology

From Proto-Kuki-Chin *ʔen, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ken (“to see, to know”).

Verb

en

1. to look

References

• Zomi Ordbog based on the work of D.L. Haokip

Turkish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /en/, [en], [æn]

Etymology 1

From Ottoman Turkish ان (en), from Proto-Turkic *ēn (“breadth, width”).

Noun

en (definite accusative eni, plural enler)

1. width
2. a cachet on an animal or bonded goods

Declension

Declension of en

singular plural nominative en enler definite accusative eni enleri dative ene enlere locative ende enlerde ablative enden enlerden genitive enin enlerin Possessive forms nominative singular plural 1st singular enim enlerim 2nd singular enin enlerin 3rd singular eni enleri 1st plural enimiz enlerimiz 2nd plural eniniz enleriniz 3rd plural enleri enleri definite accusative singular plural 1st singular enimi enlerimi 2nd singular enini enlerini 3rd singular enini enlerini 1st plural enimizi enlerimizi 2nd plural eninizi enlerinizi 3rd plural enlerini enlerini dative singular plural 1st singular enime enlerime 2nd singular enine enlerine 3rd singular enine enlerine 1st plural enimize enlerimize 2nd plural eninize enlerinize 3rd plural enlerine enlerine locative singular plural 1st singular enimde enlerimde 2nd singular eninde enlerinde 3rd singular eninde enlerinde 1st plural enimizde enlerimizde 2nd plural eninizde enlerinizde 3rd plural enlerinde enlerinde ablative singular plural 1st singular enimden enlerimden 2nd singular eninden enlerinden 3rd singular eninden enlerinden 1st plural enimizden enlerimizden 2nd plural eninizden enlerinizden 3rd plural enlerinden enlerinden genitive singular plural 1st singular enimin enlerimin 2nd singular eninin enlerinin 3rd singular eninin enlerinin 1st plural enimizin enlerimizin 2nd plural eninizin enlerinizin 3rd plural enlerinin enlerinin

References

• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–), “en2”, in Nişanyan Sözlük

Etymology 2

From Ottoman Turkish اڭ (eŋ), from Proto-Turkic *eŋ. Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰭 (ŋ /⁠eŋ⁠/), Azerbaijani ən, Kyrgyz эң (eŋ), Tuvan эң (eñ), Uzbek eng.

Adverb

en

1. the most ..., the ...-est (marks the superlative degree of any or most adjectives)

   büyük, en büyük

   big, (the) biggest

   en küçük

   the smallest

   en acayip

   the most interesting

Veps

Verb

en

1. first-person singular present of ei

Welsh

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɛn/

Noun

en f (plural eniau)

1. The name of the Latin script letter N/n.

See also

• (Latin-script letter names) llythyren; a, bi, ec, èch, di, èdd, e, èf, èff, èg, eng, aetsh, i / i dot, je, ce, el, èll, em, en, o, pi, ffi, ciw, er, rhi, ès, ti, èth, u / u bedol / u gwpan, fi, w, ecs, y, sèd

Mutation

Mutated forms of en

radical	soft	nasal	h-prothesis
en	unchanged	unchanged	hen

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

West Frisian

Etymology

From Old Frisian and, ende, from Proto-Germanic *andi, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂entí.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɛn/, /ɪn/

Conjunction

en

1. and

Further reading

• “en”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011

Zou

Etymology

From Proto-Kuki-Chin *ʔen, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ken. Cognate with Mizo ên.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ʔén]
• Hyphenation: en

Verb

én (stem II èt)

1. (transitive) to look at; to watch

References

• Philip Thangliènmâng (2010), Minimal dictionary and Self-tutor Functional Grammar in Zo-English-Hindi, New Delhi: Zoculsin, →ISBN, page 82
• Lukram Himmat Singh (2013), A Descriptive Grammar of Zou (PhD thesis), Canchipur: Manipur University, page 41