koma

See also: Koma, kóma, and kòma

Languages (27)

Bangi • Chichewa • Danish • Estonian • Faroese • Finnish • Hausa • Hungarian • Icelandic • Indonesian • Ingrian • Japanese • Kikuyu • Lingala • Northern Kurdish • Norwegian Bokmål • Norwegian Nynorsk • Old Norse • Old Swedish • Polish • Serbo-Croatian • Swahili • Swedish • Tswana • Tumbuka • Turkish • Vilamovian

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Page categories

Bangi

Verb

koma

1. to engrave

Chichewa

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈko.ma/

Conjunction

koma

1. but

Danish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /koːma/, [ˈkʰoːma]

Etymology 1

From Ancient Greek κῶμα (kôma, “deep sleep”).

Noun

koma c (singular definite komaen, not used in plural form)

1. coma (deep sleep)

Declension

Declension of koma

common gender	singular
	indefinite	definite
nominative	koma	komaen
genitive	komas	komaens

Etymology 2

From Ancient Greek κόμη (kómē, “hair”).

Noun

koma c (singular definite komaen, not used in plural form)

1. (astronomy) coma (a cloud of dust surrounding the nucleus of a comet)

Declension

Declension of koma

common gender	singular
	indefinite	definite
nominative	koma	komaen
genitive	komas	komaens

References

• “koma” in Den Danske Ordbog
• “koma,2” in Den Danske Ordbog

Estonian

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

koma (genitive koma, partitive koma)

1. (typography) comma
2. (mathematics) decimal point

Declension

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

Further reading

• “koma”, in [EKSS] Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat [Descriptive Dictionary of the Estonian Language] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2009

Faroese

Etymology 1

See below.

Noun

koma f (genitive singular komu, plural komur)

1. arrival

Declension

f1	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	koma	koman	komur	komurnar
accusative	komu	komuna	komur	komurnar
dative	komu	komuni	komum	komunum
genitive	komu	komunnar	koma	komanna

Etymology 2

From Old Norse koma, from Proto-Germanic *kwemaną, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷem-.

Verb

koma (third person singular past indicative kom, third person plural past indicative komu, supine komið)

1. to come
2. to arrive

   Nú eru vit komin til Havnar.

   Now we have arrived in Tórshavn.

3. (intransitive, slang) to orgasm; to cum

   Eg komi nú!

   I'm about to cum!

Conjugation

Conjugation of koma (group v-63)

infinitive	koma
supine	komið
	present	past
first singular	komi	kom
second singular	kemur	komst
third singular	kemur	kom
plural	koma	komu
participle (a26)1	komandi	komin
	imperative
singular	kom!
plural	komið!

¹Only the past participle being declined.

Related terms

• koma fram á
• koma óvart á
• koma til sjóndar
• koma undan

Finnish

Etymology

Internationalism (compare English coma). From Latin coma (“hair of the head”), from Ancient Greek κόμη (kómē, “hair”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈko(ː)mɑ/, [ˈko̞(ː)mɑ̝]
• Rhymes: -omɑ
• Syllabification^(key): ko‧ma
• Hyphenation^(key): ko‧ma

Noun

koma

1. (astronomy) coma (cloud of dust surrounding the nucleus of a comet)

   Synonym: huntu

Declension

Inflection of koma (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)
nominative		koma	komat
genitive		koman	komien
partitive		komaa	komia
illative		komaan	komiin
		singular	plural
nominative		koma	komat
accusative	nom.	koma	komat
	gen.	koman
genitive		koman	komien komain rare
partitive		komaa	komia
inessive		komassa	komissa
elative		komasta	komista
illative		komaan	komiin
adessive		komalla	komilla
ablative		komalta	komilta
allative		komalle	komille
essive		komana	komina
translative		komaksi	komiksi
abessive		komatta	komitta
instructive		—	komin
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of koma (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative komani komani accusative nom. komani komani gen. komani genitive komani komieni komaini rare partitive komaani komiani inessive komassani komissani elative komastani komistani illative komaani komiini adessive komallani komillani ablative komaltani komiltani allative komalleni komilleni essive komanani kominani translative komakseni komikseni abessive komattani komittani instructive — — comitative — komineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative komasi komasi accusative nom. komasi komasi gen. komasi genitive komasi komiesi komaisi rare partitive komaasi komiasi inessive komassasi komissasi elative komastasi komistasi illative komaasi komiisi adessive komallasi komillasi ablative komaltasi komiltasi allative komallesi komillesi essive komanasi kominasi translative komaksesi komiksesi abessive komattasi komittasi instructive — — comitative — kominesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative komamme komamme accusative nom. komamme komamme gen. komamme genitive komamme komiemme komaimme rare partitive komaamme komiamme inessive komassamme komissamme elative komastamme komistamme illative komaamme komiimme adessive komallamme komillamme ablative komaltamme komiltamme allative komallemme komillemme essive komanamme kominamme translative komaksemme komiksemme abessive komattamme komittamme instructive — — comitative — kominemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative komanne komanne accusative nom. komanne komanne gen. komanne genitive komanne komienne komainne rare partitive komaanne komianne inessive komassanne komissanne elative komastanne komistanne illative komaanne komiinne adessive komallanne komillanne ablative komaltanne komiltanne allative komallenne komillenne essive komananne kominanne translative komaksenne komiksenne abessive komattanne komittanne instructive — — comitative — kominenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative komansa komansa accusative nom. komansa komansa gen. komansa genitive komansa komiensa komainsa rare partitive komaansa komiaan komiansa inessive komassaan komassansa komissaan komissansa elative komastaan komastansa komistaan komistansa illative komaansa komiinsa adessive komallaan komallansa komillaan komillansa ablative komaltaan komaltansa komiltaan komiltansa allative komalleen komallensa komilleen komillensa essive komanaan komanansa kominaan kominansa translative komakseen komaksensa komikseen komiksensa abessive komattaan komattansa komittaan komittansa instructive — — comitative — komineen kominensa

Related terms

• komeetta

Anagrams

• amok, mako, moka

Hausa

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kóː.máː/
  • (Standard Kano Hausa) IPA^(key): [kʷóː.máː]

Noun

kōmā m (plural kōmā̀yē, possessed form kōman)

1. fishing net

See also

• taru

Hungarian

Etymology

From a Slavic language, compare Polish kum.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈkomɒ]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: ko‧ma
• Rhymes: -mɒ

Noun

koma (plural komák)

1. (folksy) chum

   Synonyms: barát, pajtás, cimbora

2. (dated, dialectal) godfather

   Synonyms: keresztapa, keresztkoma

Declension

Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony)

	singular	plural
nominative	koma	komák
accusative	komát	komákat
dative	komának	komáknak
instrumental	komával	komákkal
causal-final	komáért	komákért
translative	komává	komákká
terminative	komáig	komákig
essive-formal	komaként	komákként
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	komában	komákban
superessive	komán	komákon
adessive	kománál	komáknál
illative	komába	komákba
sublative	komára	komákra
allative	komához	komákhoz
elative	komából	komákból
delative	komáról	komákról
ablative	komától	komáktól
non-attributive possessive – singular	komáé	komáké
non-attributive possessive – plural	komáéi	komákéi

Possessive forms of koma

possessor	single possession	multiple possessions
1st person sing.	komám	komáim
2nd person sing.	komád	komáid
3rd person sing.	komája	komái
1st person plural	kománk	komáink
2nd person plural	komátok	komáitok
3rd person plural	komájuk	komáik

Derived terms

• komaság
• komatál
• komál → komálás

Further reading

• koma in Géza Bárczi, László Országh, et al., editors, A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (ÉrtSz.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN.

Icelandic

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkʰɔːma/
• Rhymes: -ɔːma

Etymology 1

From Old Norse koma, from Proto-Germanic *kwemaną, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷem-.

Verb

koma (strong verb, third-person singular past indicative kom, third-person plural past indicative komu, supine komið)

1. to come
   • 1928, Krummavísa (“Raven Song”, on the Icelandic Wikisource) by Jón Ásgeirsson

     Krummi krunkar úti,
     kallar á nafna sinn:
     „Ég fann höfud af hrúti
     hrygg og gæruskinn.“
     Komdu nú og kroppaðu með mér,
     krummi nafni minn.

     “Krummi croaks outside,
     calling his namesake:
     ‘I found the head of a ram,
     backbone and sheepskin.’
     Come now and peck with me,
     Krummi, my namesake.”

2. to arrive

Conjugation

koma – active voice (germynd)

infinitive nafnháttur		að koma
supine sagnbót		kemið
present participle lýsingarháttur nútíðar		komandi
		indicative framsöguháttur			subjunctive viðtengingarháttur
		present nútíð	past þátíð		present nútíð	past þátíð
singular	ég	kom	kam		komi	kæmi
	þú	komur	kamst		komir	kæmir
	hann, hún, það	komur	kam		komi	kæmi
plural	við	komum	kámum		komum	kæmum
	þið	komið	kámuð		komið	kæmuð
	þeir, þær, þau	koma	kámu		komi	kæmu
		imperative boðháttur
singular	þú	kom (þú), komdu
plural	þið	komið (þið), komiði1

¹ Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.

komast – mediopassive voice (miðmynd)

infinitive nafnháttur		að komast
supine sagnbót		kemist
present participle lýsingarháttur nútíðar		komandist (rare; see appendix)
		indicative framsöguháttur			subjunctive viðtengingarháttur
		present nútíð	past þátíð		present nútíð	past þátíð
singular	ég	komst	kamst		komist	kæmist
	þú	komst	kamst		komist	kæmist
	hann, hún, það	komst	kamst		komist	kæmist
plural	við	komumst	kámumst		komumst	kæmumst
	þið	komist	kámust		komist	kæmust
	þeir, þær, þau	komast	kámust		komist	kæmust
		imperative boðháttur
singular	þú	komst (þú), komstu
plural	þið	komist (þið), komisti1

¹ Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.

keminn — past participle (lýsingarháttur þátíðar)

strong declension (sterk beyging)	singular (eintala)			plural (fleirtala)
	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)
nominative (nefnifall)	keminn	kemin	kemið	kemnir	kemnar	kemin
accusative (þolfall)	keminn	kemna	kemið	kemna	kemnar	kemin
dative (þágufall)	kemnum	keminni	kemnu	kemnum	kemnum	kemnum
genitive (eignarfall)	kemins	keminnar	kemins	keminna	keminna	keminna
weak declension (veik beyging)	singular (eintala)			plural (fleirtala)
	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)
nominative (nefnifall)	kemni	kemna	kemna	kemnu	kemnu	kemnu
accusative (þolfall)	kemna	kemnu	kemna	kemnu	kemnu	kemnu
dative (þágufall)	kemna	kemnu	kemna	kemnu	kemnu	kemnu
genitive (eignarfall)	kemna	kemnu	kemna	kemnu	kemnu	kemnu

Derived terms

• koma flatt upp á
• koma sér af stað
• koma sér undan
• koma til dyranna eins og maður er klæddur
• koma við
• komast

Etymology 2

From Old Norse kváma; from the root of the verb koma.

Noun

koma f (genitive singular komu, nominative plural komur)

1. arrival

Declension

Declension of koma (feminine)

	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	koma	koman	komur	komurnar
accusative	komu	komuna	komur	komurnar
dative	komu	komunni	komum	komunum
genitive	komu	komunnar	koma, komna	komanna, komnanna

Derived terms

• komutími

Anagrams

• moka

Indonesian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈkoma]
• Rhymes: -ma, -a
• Hyphenation: ko‧ma

Etymology 1

From Dutch komma, from French comma, from Latin comma, from Ancient Greek κόμμα (kómma).

Noun

koma (plural koma-koma)

1. (typography) comma: The punctuation mark ⟨,⟩ used to indicate a set off parts of a sentence or between elements of a list

Alternative forms

• comma (1901–1947)

Etymology 2

From Dutch coma, from Ancient Greek κῶμα (kôma, “deep sleep”).

Noun

koma (plural koma-koma)

1. (medicine, neurology) coma, a state of unconsciousness from which one may not wake up, usually induced by some form of trauma

Etymology 3

From Dutch coma, from Latin coma (“hair of the head”), from Ancient Greek κόμη (kómē, “hair”).

Noun

koma (plural koma-koma)

1. (astronomy) coma, a cloud of dust surrounding the nucleus of a comet

Further reading

• “koma”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016

Ingrian

Etymology

Borrowed from Russian ком (kom).

Pronunciation

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈkomɑ/, [ˈko̞mɑˑ]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈkomɑ/, [ˈko̞mɑˑ]
• Rhymes: -omɑ
• Hyphenation: ko‧ma

Noun

koma

1. hunk (large piece)

Declension

Declension of koma (type 3/koira, no gradation, gemination)
	singular	plural
nominative	koma	komat
genitive	koman	kommiin
partitive	kommaa	kommia
illative	kommaa	kommii
inessive	komas	komis
elative	komast	komist
allative	komalle	komille
adessive	komal	komil
ablative	komalt	komilt
translative	komaks	komiks
essive	komanna, kommaan	kominna, kommiin
exessive1)	komant	komint
1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.

Derived terms

• kommia
• maakoma
• retukoma

References

• Ruben E. Nirvi (1971), Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 190

Japanese

Romanization

koma

1. Rōmaji transcription of こま
2. Rōmaji transcription of コマ

Kikuyu

FWOTD – 6 November 2024

Etymology

Hinde (1904) records kukoma as an equivalent of English sleep in “Jogowini dialect” of Kikuyu, listing also Kamba kukoma as its equivalent.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kɔma/

Verb

koma (infinitive gũkoma)

1. to sleep, to lie down

Derived terms

verbs

• gũkomeka

proverbs

• ng'aragu ya mũndũ ũngĩ ndĩgiria mũndũ ũngĩ akome

References

• Armstrong, Lilias E. (1940). The Phonetic and Tonal Structure of Kikuyu, p. 362. Rep. 1967. (Also in 2018 by Routledge).
• “koma” in Benson, T.G. (1964). Kikuyu-English dictionary. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Lingala

Etymology

Borrowed from Bangi koma.

Verb

-koma (infinitive kokoma)

1. to write

See also

• -kóma

Northern Kurdish

Noun

koma ?

1. group

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Ancient Greek κῶμα (kôma, “deep sleep”).

Noun

koma m (definite singular komaen)

1. a coma

References

• “koma” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology 1

From Ancient Greek κῶμα (kôma, “deep sleep”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkuːmɑ/

Noun

koma m (definite singular komaen)

1. a coma

Etymology 2

From Old Norse koma, from Proto-Germanic *kwemaną, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷem-. Akin to English come.

Alternative forms

• kome, komma, komme
• kåmå, kåmmå (dialectal)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /²koːmɑ/, /²kɔmːɑ/

Verb

koma (present tense kjem, past tense kom, past participle kome, passive infinitive komast, present participle komande, imperative kom)

1. come (to move from further away to nearer to)
2. come (to arrive)

   Når kjem du?

   When do you come?

See also

• kom igjen
• koma til
• koma på
• koma i hug

Conjugation

Conjugation of koma (strong class 4)

infinitive	koma, kome
present participle	komande
past participle	komen
supine	kome
	present	past
indicative singular	kjem, kjemer2	kom
indicative plural1	koma	komo
subjunctive	kome	kjøme
imperative singular	kom
imperative plural1	kome

¹ Rare today.
² Unofficial today.

References

• “koma” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Old Norse

Alternative forms

• kuma

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *kwemaną (“to come”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷem- (“to step”). Cognate with Old English cuman, Old Frisian koma, Old Saxon kuman, queman, Old High German kuman, kweman, Gothic 𐌵𐌹𐌼𐌰𐌽 (qiman).

Verb

koma (singular past indicative kom, plural past indicative kómu, past participle kominn)

1. to come, arrive

Conjugation

Conjugation of koma — active (irregular, strong class 4)

infinitive	koma
present participle	komandi
past participle	kominn
	indicative			subjunctive
	present	past		present	past
1st person singular	køm, kem	kom, kvam		koma	kœma, kvema
2nd person singular	kømr, kemr	komt, kvamt		komir	kœmir, kvemir
3rd person singular	kømr, kemr	kom, kvam		komi	kœmi, kvemi
1st person plural	komum	kómum, kvámum		komim	kœmim, kvemim
2nd person plural	komið	kómuð, kvámuð		komið	kœmið, kvemið
3rd person plural	koma	kómu, kvámu		komi	kœmi, kvemi
imperative	present
2nd person singular	kom
1st person plural	komum
2nd person plural	komið

Conjugation of koma — mediopassive (irregular, strong class 4)

infinitive	komask
present participle	komandisk
past participle	komizk
	indicative			subjunctive
	present	past		present	past
1st person singular	kømumk, kemumk	komumk, kvamumk		komumk	kœmumk, kvemumk
2nd person singular	kømsk, kemsk	komisk, kvamisk		komisk	kœmisk, kvemisk
3rd person singular	kømsk, kemsk	komisk, kvamisk		komisk	kœmisk, kvemisk
1st person plural	komumsk	kómumsk, kvámumsk		komimsk	kœmimsk, kvemimsk
2nd person plural	komizk	kómuzk, kvámuzk		komizk	kœmizk, kvemizk
3rd person plural	komask	kómusk, kvámusk		komisk	kœmisk, kvemisk
imperative	present
2nd person singular	komask
1st person plural	komumsk
2nd person plural	komizk

Descendants

• Icelandic: koma
• Faroese: koma
• Norn: cumma
• Norwegian Nynorsk: koma, komma; (dialectal) kobma, købma, kåmå, kømø
• Jamtish: kuma
• Elfdalian: kumå
• Old Swedish: koma, kuma
  • Swedish: komma
• Old Danish: komæ, kumæ, kommæ, kummæ, kumbæ
  • Scanian: komma
  • Danish: komme
    • Norwegian Bokmål: komme
      • → Norwegian Nynorsk: komme
• Gutnish: kumme, kumbe

Further reading

• Zoëga, Geir T. (1910), “koma”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press; also available at the Internet Archive

Old Swedish

Alternative forms

• kuma

Etymology

From Old Norse koma, from Proto-Germanic *kwemaną.

Verb

koma

1. to come
2. to arrive

Conjugation

Conjugation of koma (strong)

	present				past
infinitive	koma				—
participle	komandi, komande				komin
active voice	indicative	subjunctive	imperative		indicative	subjunctive
iæk	komber	komi, kome	—		kām	kōmi, kōme
þū	komber	komi, kome	kom		kāmt	kōmi, kōme
han	komber	komi, kome	—		kām	kōmi, kōme
vīr	komum, komom	komum, komom	komum, komom		kōmum, kōmom	kōmum, kōmom
īr	komin	komin	komin		kōmin	kōmin
þēr	koma	komin	—		kōmu, kōmo	kōmin
mediopassive voice	indicative	subjunctive	imperative		indicative	subjunctive
iæk	—	—	—		—	—
þū	—	—	—		—	—
han	—	—	—		—	—
vīr	—	—	—		—	—
īr	—	—	—		—	—
þēr	—	—	—		—	—

Descendants

• Swedish: komma

Polish

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin coma.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkɔ.ma/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɔma
• Syllabification: ko‧ma

Noun

koma f

1. (literary, medicine) coma (deep sleep)

   Synonym: śpiączka

   Hypernym: letarg

2. (astronomy) coma (cloud surrounding a comet nucleu)

Declension

Declension of koma

	singular	plural
nominative	koma	komy
genitive	komy	kom
dative	komie	komom
accusative	komę	komy
instrumental	komą	komami
locative	komie	komach
vocative	komo	komy

Further reading

• “koma”, in Wielki słownik języka polskiego‎^[1] (in Polish), Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• “koma”, in Polish dictionaries at PWN‎^[2] (in Polish)

Serbo-Croatian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kôma/
• Hyphenation: ko‧ma

Noun

kȍma f (Cyrillic spelling ко̏ма)

1. coma

Declension

Declension of koma

	singular	plural
nominative	kȍma	kome
genitive	kome	kȏmā
dative	komi	komama
accusative	komu	kome
vocative	komo	kome
locative	komi	komama
instrumental	komom	komama

Swahili

Pronunciation

• Audio (Kenya):

  (file)

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Bantu [Term?].

Verb

-koma (infinitive kukoma)

1. to stop, cease, come to an end

Conjugation

Conjugation of -koma
Positive present -nakoma Subjunctive -kome Negative -komi Imperative singular koma
Infinitives
Positive kukoma Negative kutokoma
Imperatives
Singular koma Plural komeni
Tensed forms
Habitual hukoma Positive past positive subject concord + -likoma Negative past negative subject concord + -kukoma
Positive present (positive subject concord + -nakoma) Singular Plural 1st person ninakoma/nakoma tunakoma 2nd person unakoma mnakoma 3rd person m-wa(I/II) anakoma wanakoma other classes positive subject concord + -nakoma
Negative present (negative subject concord + -komi) Singular Plural 1st person sikomi hatukomi 2nd person hukomi hamkomi 3rd person m-wa(I/II) hakomi hawakomi other classes negative subject concord + -komi
Positive future positive subject concord + -takoma Negative future negative subject concord + -takoma
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -kome) Singular Plural 1st person nikome tukome 2nd person ukome mkome 3rd person m-wa(I/II) akome wakome other classes positive subject concord + -kome
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sikome Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngekoma Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singekoma Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalikoma Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalikoma
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -akoma) Singular Plural 1st person nakoma twakoma 2nd person wakoma mwakoma 3rd person m-wa(I/II) akoma wakoma m-mi(III/IV) wakoma yakoma ji-ma(V/VI) lakoma yakoma ki-vi(VII/VIII) chakoma vyakoma n(IX/X) yakoma zakoma u(XI) wakoma see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) kwakoma pa(XVI) pakoma mu(XVIII) mwakoma
Perfect positive subject concord + -mekoma "Already" positive subject concord + -meshakoma "Not yet" negative subject concord + -jakoma "If/When" positive subject concord + -kikoma "If not" positive subject concord + -sipokoma Consecutive kakoma / positive subject concord + -kakoma Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kakome
Object concord (indicative positive) Singular Plural 1st person -nikoma -tukoma 2nd person -kukoma -wakoma/-kukomeni/-wakomeni 3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mkoma -wakoma m-mi(III/IV) -ukoma -ikoma ji-ma(V/VI) -likoma -yakoma ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kikoma -vikoma n(IX/X) -ikoma -zikoma u(XI) -ukoma see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kukoma pa(XVI) -pakoma mu(XVIII) -mukoma Reflexive -jikoma
Relative forms General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -koma- + relative marker) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -komaye -komao m-mi(III/IV) -komao -komayo ji-ma(V/VI) -komalo -komayo ki-vi(VII/VIII) -komacho -komavyo n(IX/X) -komayo -komazo u(XI) -komao see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -komako pa(XVI) -komapo mu(XVIII) -komamo Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -koma) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -yekoma -okoma m-mi(III/IV) -okoma -yokoma ji-ma(V/VI) -lokoma -yokoma ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chokoma -vyokoma n(IX/X) -yokoma -zokoma u(XI) -okoma see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kokoma pa(XVI) -pokoma mu(XVIII) -mokoma
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Derived terms

• Verbal derivations:
  • Applicative: -komea
  • Causative: -komesha
  • Stative: -komeka

• Nominal derivations:
  • kikomo (“end, limit”)

Etymology 2

Borrowed from English comma.

Noun

koma class IX (plural koma class X)

1. comma

Synonyms

• alama ya mkato

See also

Punctuation

• ritifaa, apostrofi ( ' ) ( ’ )
• mabano ya mraba ( { } )
• mabano ya maua ( [ ] )
• nukta mbili, nukta pacha, koloni ( : )
• alama ya mkato, koma ( , )
• kistariungio ( ‒ ) ( – ) ( — ) ( ― )
• alama ya mshangao ( ! )
• alama ya mkwaju ( ⁄ )
• kistariungio ( - ) ( ‐ )
• mabano, parandesi, braketi ( ( ) )
• nukta ( . )
• alama ya swali ( ? )
• alama ya kunukuu ( ‘ ’ ‚ ) ( “ ” „ )
• nukta mkato ( ; )
• alama ya mkwaju ( / )

Swedish

Noun

koma c

1. coma (prolonged, unnatural unconscious state)
2. coma (of a comet)

Declension

Declension of koma

		nominative	genitive
singular	indefinite	koma	komas
	definite	koman	komans
plural	indefinite	komor	komors
	definite	komorna	komornas

Related terms

• komatös
• paltkoma

See also

• dvala

References

• “koma”, in Svensk ordbok [Dictionary of Swedish] (in Swedish)
• “koma”, in Svenska Akademiens ordlista [Wordlist of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish)
• “koma”, in Svenska Akademiens ordbok [Dictionary of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish)
• Svensk MeSH

Tswana

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *ngòmà.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kɔ̀.mà/

Noun

kôma class 9/10 (plural dikôma)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Tumbuka

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Bantu *-kóma (“to kill - zone N”).

Verb

-koma (infinitive kukoma)

1. to kill
   1. (by extension) to murder

Derived terms

• -komana (“to quarrel, to fight”)
• -komeka (“to be killed, to be murdered”)
• -komwa (“to suffer”)

References

• William Y. Turner (1996), Tumbuka/Tonga-English and English - Tumbuka/Tonga Dictionary‎^[3], Central Africana Limited, page 51

Turkish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈko.ma/
• Hyphenation: ko‧ma

Etymology 1

Borrowed from French coma.

Noun

koma (definite accusative komayı, plural komalar)

1. coma

Etymology 2

Verb

koma

1. (dialectal) koyma

Vilamovian

Etymology

From Middle High German komat, itself borrowed from Polish chomąto (“horsecollar”).

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

koma m

1. horse collar