rapidus

Esperanto

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /raˈpidus/
• Rhymes: -idus
• Syllabification: ra‧pi‧dus

Verb

rapidus

1. conditional of rapidi

Latin

Etymology

From rapiō (“snatch”) +‎ -idus.

For the semantic parallels, compare Irish sciobtha (“quick”) from Irish sciob (“to snatch”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈra.pɪ.dʊs]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈraː.pi.dus]

Adjective

rapidus (feminine rapida, neuter rapidum, comparative rapidior, superlative rapidissimus, adverb rapidē); first/second-declension adjective

1. rapid, quick, swift

   Synonyms: vēlōx, celer, properus, levis, prōmptus, facilis

   Antonyms: lentus, tardus, sērus

2. fierce, fiery, blazing, white-hot, consuming
   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Vergilius, Aeneis 1.42–43:

     “Ipsa Iovis rapidum iaculāta ē nūbibus ignem,
     disiēcitque ratēs ēvertitque aequora ventīs.”

     “[Pallas] by herself had hurled Jove’s consuming fire from the clouds: [she] both destroyed the ships and upturned the level seas with gales.”
     (Juno, speaking in soliloquy, envies the ability of Pallas/Athena/Minerva to use Jupiter’s lightning.)

3. seizing
4. (figuratively) hasty, hurried

Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

	singular				plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	rapidus	rapida	rapidum		rapidī	rapidae	rapida
genitive	rapidī	rapidae	rapidī		rapidōrum	rapidārum	rapidōrum
dative	rapidō	rapidae	rapidō		rapidīs
accusative	rapidum	rapidam	rapidum		rapidōs	rapidās	rapida
ablative	rapidō	rapidā	rapidō		rapidīs
vocative	rapide	rapida	rapidum		rapidī	rapidae	rapida

Derived terms

• rapidē
• rapiditās
• *rapidium (Vulgar Latin)

Descendants

• Insular Romance:
  • Sardinian: rattu
• Balkan Romance:
  • Aromanian: areapit
  • Romanian: repede ⇒ repezină
• Italo-Dalmatian:
  • Old Italian: ratto
  • Istriot: rato
  • Venetan: rata
• Gallo-Italic:
  • Emilian: rata
  • Lombard: rat, rata
  • Romagnol: rata
• Gallo-Romance:
  • Old French: rade, reve
    • Bourguignon: ref
    • Middle French: rade
• Occitano-Romance:
  • Catalan: rabde
  • Occitan:

    Auvergnat: raide

    Languedocien: raide

• Ibero-Romance:
  • Galician: roudo
  • Old Spanish: rabdo
    • Spanish: raudo, ⇒ rabión
• Ancient borrowings:
  • → Albanian: repëtë
• Later borrowings:
  • → Asturian: rápidu
  • → Catalan: ràpid
  • → English: rapid
  • → French: rapide
  • → Galician: rápido
  • → German: rapid
  • → Italian: rapido
  • → Portuguese: rápido
  • → Romanian: rapid
  • → Spanish: rápido

References

• Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1911), “rapĭdus”, in Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), page 529
• Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002), “rapĭdus”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 10: R, page 66

Further reading

• “rapidus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “rapidus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “rapidus”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• rapidus in Ramminger, Johann (16 July 2016 (last accessed)), Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎^[2], pre-publication website, 2005-2016