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群

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 羣
群 U+7FA4, 群
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7FA4
← 羣
[U+7FA3] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 羥 →
[U+7FA5]

Translingual

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Han character

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群 (Kangxi radical 123, 羊+7, 13 strokes, Cangjie input 尸口廿手 (SRTQ) or 難尸口廿手 (XSRTQ), four-corner 18651, composition ⿰君羊)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 952, character 26
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 28498
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1396, character 20
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3134, character 12
  • Unihan data for U+7FA4

Chinese

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trad. 群/羣
simp. 群
alternative forms 𠹩
𡲻
䭽

Glyph origin

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Characters in the same phonetic series (君) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
涒 *l̥ʰuːn
麏 *krun
莙 *krun, *ɡrunʔ, *klun
輑 *kʰrun
蜠 *kʰrun, *ɡrunʔ
峮 *kʰrun
窘 *ɡrunʔ
僒 *ɡrunʔ
君 *klun
桾 *klun
宭 *klun, *ɡlun
鮶 *klun
捃 *kluns
群 *ɡlun
羣 *ɡlun
裙 *ɡlun
裠 *ɡlun
帬 *ɡlun
焄 *qʰlun
郡 *ɡluns

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡlun): phonetic 君 (OC *klun) + semantic 羊 – a herd of sheep; a group.

Etymology

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From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-kul (“twenty; all”); cognate with 昆 (OC *kuːn, “swarming”), Tibetan ཀུན (kun, “all”), Burmese အကုန် (a.kun, “all”) (Benedict, 1972; STEDT).

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character 群
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 群 (30)
Final (韻) 文 (59)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 渠云切
Baxter gjun
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɡɨun/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɡiun/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɡiuən/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/gun/
Li
Rong 		/ɡiuən/
Wang
Li 		/ɡĭuən/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/gi̯uən/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		qún
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		kwan4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 群
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		qún
Middle
Chinese 		‹ gjun ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[ɡ]ur/
English flock, herd, group

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 群
Reading # 1/1
No. 7295
Phonetic
component 		君
Rime
group 		文
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		羣
Old
Chinese 		/*ɡlun/
Notes 羣字所注或體

Definitions

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群

  1. group; crowd; flock; herd; pack
  2. multitude; many people
  3. (group theory) group
  4. (social media) group (of a group chat)
    入群、退群  ―  rùqún, tuìqún  ―  to join a group, to leave a group
    群裡的dalao們／群里的dalao们  ―  qúnlǐ de dàlǎomen  ―  all the great masters in the group
    發錯群／发错群  ―  fā cuò qún  ―  to post to the wrong group
  5. numerous; many
  6. to amass; to collect; to gather
  7. Classifier for groups of people or animals: group of; flock of; herd of; pack of
  8. (Cantonese, often derogatory) to hang out with
  9. (～母) (Chinese linguistics) the Middle Chinese initial of 群 (MC gjun)
  10. a surname

Synonyms

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Compounds

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic (群):
  • → Japanese: 群(ぐん) (gun)

References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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群

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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Compounds

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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
群
ぐん
Grade: 4
goon

From Middle Chinese 群 (MC gjun).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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群(ぐん) • (gun) 

  1. a group (of people, animals, etc.)
  2. (group theory) a group

Suffix

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群(ぐん) • (-gun) 

  1. a group (of people, animals, etc.)

Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
群
むら
Grade: 4
kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 群 – see the following entry.
【むら】
[noun] 群, 叢, 簇: gathering, grouping
[affix] 群, 叢, 簇: gathering, grouping
Alternative spellings
叢, 簇
(This term, 群, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Korean

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Hanja

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群 (eumhun 무리 군 (muri gun))

  1. hanja form? of 군 (“group, crowd, horde, herd, flock, folk, people, mob”) [1]
  2. (무리질[2] 군): to crowd, flock, gather, assemble
  3. (많을 군): multitude

References

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  1. ^ Compare Japanese Kun 群れ (むれ, mure, "crowd").
  2. ^ Compare Japanese Kun 群れる (むれる, mureru, "to crowd").

Vietnamese

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Han character

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群: Hán Việt readings: quần[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]
群: Nôm readings: còn[1][2][3][4][5][6][7], quằn[1][2][3][4], cơn[3]

  1. chữ Nôm form of còn (“to remain; to be left; to still have or exist”)
    • 1820, 阮攸 [Nguyễn Du], compiled by Liễu Văn Đường, 傳翹 [Truyện Kiều], published 1866, line 8:
      風(Phong)情(tình)固(có)錄(lục)群(còn)傳(truyền)史(sử)撑(xanh)
      I started reading a long-ago tale of love and romance.

References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Trần (2004).
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Hồ (1976).
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Bonet (1899).
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Génibrel (1898).
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
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