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Cholesterol

Daga Wikipedia, Insakulofidiya ta kyauta.
Cholesterol
type of chemical entity (en) Fassara
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na Sterol
Sinadaran dabara C₂₇H₄₆O
Canonical SMILES (en) Fassara CC(C)CCCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C
Isomeric SMILES (en) Fassara C[C@H](CCCC(C)C)[C@H]1CC[C@@H]2[C@@]1(CC[C@H]3[C@H]2CC=C4[C@@]3(CC[C@@H](C4)O)C)C
Medical condition treated (en) Fassara nutrition disorder (en) Fassara
Cell component (en) Fassara plasma membrane (en) Fassara, endoplasmic reticulum (en) Fassara, extracellular region (en) Fassara da cytoplasm (en) Fassara
Ta jiki ma'amala da RAR related orphan receptor A (en) Fassara
Subject has role (en) Fassara precursor (en) Fassara da primary metabolite (en) Fassara

  

Cholesterol shine babban sinadari na dukkan dabbobi, wanda aka rarraba a cikin kyallen jiki, musamman kwakwalwa da kashin baya, da kuma a cikin kitse da mai na dabbobi . [1]

Duk ƙwayoyin dabbobi suna samar da sinadarin cholesterol ta hanyar halittarsu [2] kuma muhimmin sinadari ne na tsarin halitta da kuma siginar membranes na ƙwayoyin dabbobi. A cikin ƙwayoyin halitta masu ƙashi, ƙwayoyin hanta galibi suna samar da mafi yawan adadin. A cikin kwakwalwa, ƙwayoyin astrocytes suna samar da cholesterol kuma suna jigilar shi zuwa ga jijiyoyi . [3] Ba ya nan a tsakanin prokaryotes ( ƙwayoyin cuta da archaea ), kodayake akwai wasu keɓancewa, kamar Mycoplasma, waɗanda ke buƙatar cholesterol don girma. [4] Cholesterol kuma yana aiki a matsayin abin da ke haifar da biosynthesis na hormones na steroid, bile acid, [5] da bitamin D.

Yawan cholesterol a cikin jini, musamman lokacin da aka haɗa shi da ƙarancin lipoprotein (LDL, wanda galibi ake kira "mummunan cholesterol"), na iya ƙara haɗarin kamuwa da cututtukan zuciya da jijiyoyin jini . [6]

François Poulletier de la Salle ya fara gano cholesterol a cikin siffa mai ƙarfi a cikin duwatsun gallstone a cikin 1769. A shekara ta 1815, masanin kimiyyar sinadarai Michel Eugène Chevreul ya sanya wa mahaɗin suna "cholesterine". [7] [8]

Asalin Ma'anar

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Kalmar cholesterol ta fito ne daga tsohuwar kalmar Helenanci ta chole- ' bile ' da kuma sitiriyo 'solid', sai kuma ƙarin sinadari -ol don barasa .

Duba kuma

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Manazarta

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Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Samfuri:Vascular diseasesSamfuri:SterolsSamfuri:Cholesterol and steroid intermediatesSamfuri:Estrogen-related receptor modulatorsSamfuri:GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulatorsSamfuri:Ion channel modulators

  1. ↑ "Cholesterol". MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine, US National Institutes of Health. 10 December 2020. Retrieved 23 August 2023.
  2. ↑ Narwal V, Deswal R, Batra B, Kalra V, Hooda R, Sharma M, Rana JS (March 2019). "Cholesterol biosensors: A review". Steroids. 143: 6–17. doi:10.1016/j.steroids.2018.12.003. PMID 30543816.
  3. ↑ Wang H, Kulas JA, Wang C, Holtzman DM, Ferris HA, Hansen SB (August 2021). "Regulation of beta-amyloid production in neurons by astrocyte-derived cholesterol". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 118 (33). Bibcode:2021PNAS..11802191W. doi:10.1073/pnas.2102191118. PMC 8379952 Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 34385305 Check |pmid= value (help).
  4. ↑ Razin S, Tully JG (May 1970). "Cholesterol requirement of mycoplasmas". Journal of Bacteriology. 102 (2): 306–310. doi:10.1128/JB.102.2.306-310.1970. PMC 247552. PMID 4911537.
  5. ↑ Hanukoglu I (December 1992). "Steroidogenic enzymes: structure, function, and role in regulation of steroid hormone biosynthesis". The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. 43 (8): 779–804. doi:10.1016/0960-0760(92)90307-5. PMID 22217824. S2CID 112729.
  6. ↑ Brunzell JD, Davidson M, Furberg CD, Goldberg RB, Howard BV, Stein JH, Witztum JL (April 2008). "Lipoprotein management in patients with cardiometabolic risk: consensus statement from the American Diabetes Association and the American College of Cardiology Foundation". Diabetes Care. 31 (4): 811–822. doi:10.2337/dc08-9018. PMID 18375431.
  7. ↑ Chevreul ME (1816). "Recherches chimiques sur les corps gras, et particulièrement sur leurs combinaisons avec les alcalis. Sixième mémoire. Examen des graisses d'homme, de mouton, de boeuf, de jaguar et d'oie" [Chemical researches on fatty substances, and particularly on their combinations o filippos ine kapios with alkalis. Sixth memoir. Study of human, sheep, beef, jaguar and goose fat]. Annales de Chimie et de Physique (in French). 2: 339–372 [346]. Je nommerai cholesterine, de χολη, bile, et στερεος, solide, la substance cristallisée des calculs biliares humains, ...CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  8. ↑ Olson RE (February 1998). "Discovery of the lipoproteins, their role in fat transport and their significance as risk factors". The Journal of Nutrition. 128 (2 Suppl): 439S–443S. doi:10.1093/jn/128.2.439S. PMID 9478044.
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