Chorizo

Chorizo
embutido (en) , dry sausage (en) da cold cut (en)
Kayan haɗi	pork (en)
Tarihi
Asali	Portugal da Ispaniya

Chorizo Chorizo ​​(/tʃəˈriːzoʊ, -soʊ/ chə-REE-zoh, -⁠soh, Sifaniyanci: [tʃoˈɾiθo, tʃoˈɾiso]; Fotigal: chouriço [ʃo(w)ˈɾisu]) wani nau'in tsiran alade ne da ya samo asali daga yankin Iberian. Ana yin sa a cikin nau'ikan ƙasa da na yanki da yawa a ƙasashe da dama a nahiyoyi daban-daban. Wasu daga cikin waɗannan nau'ikan sun bambanta da juna, wanda wani lokacin yakan haifar da rudani ko rashin jituwa kan sunaye da asalin kayayyakin da ake magana a kansu.

A Turai, chorizo ​​na Sifaniyanci da chouriço na Portugal tsiran alade ne da aka dafa, aka warke, aka kuma shaƙa, wanda ke samun hayakinsa da launin ja mai zurfi daga busasshen barkono, aka shaƙa, ja (pimentón/colorau); ana iya yanka shi a ci ba tare da an dafa shi ba, ko a ƙara shi a matsayin sinadari don ƙara ɗanɗano ga sauran abinci. A wani wuri, ba za a iya yin chorizo ​​ko a warke ba, wanda ke buƙatar dafawa kafin a ci. A Mexico ana yin sa da barkonon barkono maimakon paprika.

Ana cin chorizo ​​na Iberian a yanka a cikin sanwici, a gasa, a soya, ko a dafa a cikin ruwa, gami da cider apple ko abubuwan sha masu ƙarfi kamar aguardiente. Haka kuma ana amfani da shi azaman madadin naman sa ko naman alade da aka niƙa (da aka niƙa).

Iri-iri ta kowane yanki

Turai

Dangane da rajistar alamun yanki na EU, a cikin 2023, akwai nau'ikan chorizo ​​​​8 da aka sani a Portugal: chorizo ​​​​de ossos de vinhais, azedo de vinhais, Mouro de Portalegre, abóbora de Barroso-Montalegre, Portalegre, carne de Estremoz, Estremoz e Bornte, da Baixoba. A cikin Spain, akwai nau'ikan chorizo ​​​​da aka sani: chorizo ​​​​Riojano da chorizo ​​​​de Cantimpalos.

Sipaniya

Gabaɗaya, ana yin chorizo ​​na Sipaniya daga naman alade da aka yanka da kitsen alade, wanda aka ƙara masa tafarnuwa, pimentón (paprika mai hayaƙi) da gishiri. Ana iya rarraba shi a matsayin picante (mai yaji) ko dulce (mai daɗi), ya danganta da nau'in pimentón da ake amfani da shi. Akwai ɗaruruwan nau'ikan chorizo ​​na Sipaniya na yankuna, wasu an shaƙa wasu kuma ba a shaƙa ba, waɗanda kowannensu an yi su daban-daban kuma suna iya haɗawa da ganye da sauran sinadarai. Misali, chorizo ​​de Pamplona tsiran alade ne mai kauri tare da naman da aka niƙa sosai. Daga cikin nau'ikan akwai chorizo ​​Riojano daga yankin La Rioja, wanda ke da kariyar PGI a cikin EU.

Ana yin Chorizo ​​a cikin nau'ikan gajere ko dogaye da tauri ko laushi; nau'ikan da suka fi siriri sun dace da cin su a zafin ɗaki a matsayin abun ciye-ciye ko tapas, yayin da ake amfani da nau'ikan da suka fi kiba wajen girki. Ka'idar da aka saba da ita ita ce dogayen chorizos masu siriri suna da daɗi, kuma gajerun chorizos suna da yaji, kodayake ba koyaushe haka lamarin yake ba.

Spain tana samar da wasu nau'ikan naman alade da yawa, kamar lomo embuchado da salchichón, waɗanda ake warkewa kuma ake busar da su ta hanyar da ta dace. Lomo nama ne mai siriri, wanda aka dafa shi a yanka maimakon dafa abinci, wanda aka yi ta hanyar marinating da busar da naman alade ta hanyar amfani da iska. Salchichón wani tsiran alade ne da aka warke ba tare da kayan ƙanshi na pimentón na chorizo ​​ba, wanda aka ɗanɗana shi da barkono baƙi.

Dangane da nau'in abincin, ana iya cin chorizo ​​a yanka ba tare da an ƙara dafa shi ba, misali a cikin sanwici, ko kuma a gasa shi, a soya shi, ko a gasa shi tare da sauran kayan abinci, kuma sinadari ne a cikin abinci da yawa inda yake tare da wake, kamar fabada ko cocido montañés. Haka kuma ana iya yin hidima da shi a matsayin tapa tare da miyar jan giya.

Sigar waɗannan jita-jitan con todos los sacramentos (tare da duk kayan da aka gyara, a zahiri "sacraments") sun haɗa da wasu nama da aka kiyaye kamar tocino (naman alade da aka warke) da morcilla (tsiran alade na jini) tare da chorizo.

chorizo on display

Portugal

Chouriço na Portugal ko chouriça, wanda galibi ke nuna babban ko kauri, ya bambanta da chorizo ​​na Spain. Sinadaran asali sune naman alade, mai, paprika, tafarnuwa, da gishiri. Ana kuma samun ruwan inabi da barkono mai zafi a wasu yankuna. Sannan ana zuba shi a cikin kayan kwalliya na halitta daga alade ko rago sannan a busar da shi a hankali akan hayaki. Iri daban-daban daban-daban sun bambanta a launi, siffa, kayan ƙanshi da ɗanɗano. Ana amfani da barkono fari, piri-piri, cumin da kirfa a wasu nau'ikan abinci. Yawancin abinci na abincin Portugal da Brazil suna amfani da chouriço, gami da cozido à portuguesa da feijoada.

Wata hanyar da aka fi amfani da ita wajen shirya chouriço ita ce a yanka shi a hankali sannan a dafa shi a kan harshen wuta mai barasa a teburin (wani lokaci ana kiransa chouriço à bombeiro, amma galibi ana kiransa chouriço assado) a cikin na'urorin ƙona turare masu gilashi da aka yi da gangan.

A Johannesburg, Afirka ta Kudu, yawancin bakin haure 'yan Portugal daga Portugal da Mozambique a shekarun 1960 sun fi zama a wani yanki mai suna La Rochelle (Ƙaramar Portugal). Yawancinsu ko dai sun koma Portugal ko kuma sun ƙaura zuwa yankunan karkara masu wadata a cikin birnin, amma gidajen cin abinci a yankin da kuma bikin tara kuɗi na shekara-shekara na "Lusitoland" suna da chouriço a cikin menu.

A cikin gundumomin da ke da yawan 'yan Portugal a jihohin Rhode Island na Amurka da kudu maso gabashin Massachusetts, sau da yawa ana ba da chouriço da ƙananan ƙwai da wake. Sandwich ɗin Chouriço a kan biredi, tare da barkono kore da albasa da aka soya, ana samun su a shagunan sayar da kayan abinci na gida da na kayan abinci. Quahogs masu cike da abinci (wanda kuma aka sani da stuffies), wani nau'in abinci na musamman a Rhode Island, yawanci sun haɗa da chouriço.

A Portugal, ana iya yin chourico da jini, kama da tsiran alade na jini ko pudding baƙar fata, kuma ana kiransa chouriço de sangue (jinin chouriço) ko morcela. Sauran nau'o'in chouriço sun haɗa da chouriço de vinho (wine chouriço), chouriço de cebola (albasa chouriço), chouriço fumado (kyfaffen chouriço), chouriço de ossos (chouriço kashi), chourição (manyan chouriço), da chouriça de vingarlicha d ( chourico d).

Amirka ta Arewa

Mexico

Dangane da chorizo ​​fresco na Spain (sabo chorizo), nau'ikan chorizo ​​na Mexico ba wai kawai an yi su ne daga naman alade mai kitse ba, har ma da naman sa, naman nama, kaza, da turkey. Ana kuma samun nau'ikan kosher da na vegan. Ana yawan niƙa naman (an niƙa shi) maimakon a yanka shi, kuma ana amfani da kayan ƙanshi daban-daban. Saboda tsadar paprika na Spain da aka shigo da shi daga ƙasashen waje a tarihi, ana yin chorizo ​​na Mexico a al'ada da nau'ikan barkono iri ɗaya da ake amfani da su a Spain, wanda hakan ya sa nau'in Mexico ya fi na Spain zafi. Chorizo ​​na Mexico kuma yawanci yana amfani da vinegar, maimakon farin giya da aka saba amfani da shi a Sipaniya.

Wannan tsiran alade mai yaji da aka shirya sabo shine babban nau'in chorizo ​​​​a Mexico da sauran sassan Amurka, gami da yawancin Amurka, amma ba a yawan samunsa a Turai.

Yankin da ke kewaye da Toluca ya ƙware a chorizo ​​"kore", wanda aka yi da wasu haɗin tumatir, cilantro, barkono barkono, da tafarnuwa. Yawancin chorizo ​​na Mexico, duk da haka, launinsa ja ne mai zurfi. Sau da yawa ana samunsa a nau'i biyu, sabo da busasshe, kodayake sabo ya fi yawa. Wasu daga cikin chorizos na kasuwanci mafi arha suna amfani da kayan lambu da aka cika a cikin filastik don kama da naman tsiran alade, maimakon naman tsoka. Kafin a ci, galibi ana yanke murfin kuma ana soya tsiran alade a cikin kasko kuma a niƙa shi da cokali mai yatsu har sai ya yi kama da naman sa da aka niƙa da kyau. Ana yin wasu chorizo ​​ba tare da wani casing ba. Ana warkar da naman alade da naman sa cikin ruwan inabi da garin barkono. Ana ba da shi don karin kumallo, abincin rana, ko abincin dare, yana da ɗanɗanon da aka ambata a sama, kuma yana da ɗanɗanon da aka ambata a sama sosai.

A Mexico, gidajen cin abinci da wuraren cin abinci suna yin tacos, queso fundido (ko choriqueso), burritos, da tortas ta amfani da chorizo ​​da aka dafa, kuma shi ma sanannen abin da ake sakawa a pizza ne. Chorizo ​​con huevos sanannen abincin karin kumallo ne a Mexico da yankunan Amurka tare da al'ummar Mexico. Ana yin sa ne ta hanyar haɗa chorizo ​​soyayye da ƙwai da aka gasa. Sau da yawa ana amfani da Chorizo ​​con huevos a cikin burritos na karin kumallo, tacos, da taquitos. Wani sanannen girke-girke na Mexico shine chorizo ​​soyayye tare da wake pinto ko baƙi da aka soya. Ana amfani da wannan haɗin a cikin tortas azaman yadi, ko kuma azaman abincin gefe inda ake yin wake da aka soya akai-akai. A Mexico da kudu maso yammacin Amurka ana amfani da chorizo ​​​​don yin chorizo ​​con queso (ko choriqueso), wani abincin ciye-ciye mai shahara wanda ya ƙunshi ƙananan guntu na chorizo ​​da aka yi hidima da cuku mai narkewa kuma ana ci tare da ƙananan tortillas na masara ko chips na tortilla. A yankunan Mexico da ke Amurka, wani sanannen abincin da ake ci don karin kumallo shine chorizo ​​con papas, dankalin da aka yanka a soya har sai ya yi laushi tare da gauraya chorizo.

Amurka

Sabanin chorizo ​​na Sifaniyanci, a Amurka kalmar galibi tana nufin tsiran alade wanda ba a taɓa busar da shi ba, yana da kitse mai yawa, kuma yana da yaji sosai. Ya fi shahara a yankunan da ke da yawan jama'ar Cuba, Dominican, ko Puerto Rican ko kusa da kan iyakar Mexico, musamman a Kudu maso Yamma kusa da Chihuahua, Sonora, da Nuevo León. Haka kuma ana samunsa a arewa a wurare kamar Austin, Texas ko Santa Fe, New Mexico, inda akwai shaidar tarihi game da kasancewarsa tun kafin zamanin Wild West. Ana cin sa ne kawai don karin kumallo, ko kuma a haɗa shi da nau'in migas na gida.

A Louisiana, abincin Creole da Cajun duka suna da nau'in chorizo ​​​​wanda ake kira chaurice, wanda ake yawan amfani da shi a cikin abincin Creole na wake ja da shinkafa. Kamar yadda yake a kan ɗan uwanta na yamma, [wane?] shan wannan nau'in abincin gargajiya ne da aka yarda da shi a cikin abincin gida.

Tsakiyar Amurka da Caribbean

A Puerto Rico, Panama, da Jamhuriyar Dominican, ana ɗaukar chorizo ​​da longaniza nau'ikan nama guda biyu daban-daban. Chorizo ​​na Puerto Rican tsiran alade ne mai hayaƙi, wanda aka yi masa kayan ƙanshi, kusan iri ɗaya ne da na Spain. Longaniza na Puerto Rican da Dominican suna da ɗanɗano da kamanni daban-daban. Ana cusa naman da aka yi masa kayan ƙanshi a cikin kwandon naman alade kuma ana yin sa da tsayi da hannu. Sannan ana rataye shi don ya bushe a iska. Sannan ana iya soya longaniza a cikin mai ko a dafa shi da shinkafa ko wake. Ana cin sa da abinci daban-daban.

Chorizo ​​na Salvador gajere ne, sabo ne (ba a busar da shi ba) kuma an ɗaure shi da tagwaye.

Kudancin Amurka

A Ecuador, nau'ikan tsiran alade da yawa an yi amfani da su kai tsaye daga abincin Turai ko Arewacin Amurka. Duk nau'ikan tsiran alade, ko dai danye ko hayaƙi, ana kiransu da salami, amma mafi yawan su sune chorizo ​​na Sipaniya, pepperoni na Italiya, da tsiran alade na wiener; wieners sune mafi shahara. Wasu abubuwan da ake ci a gida sun haɗa da morcilla, longaniza, da chorizo. Morcilla, kamar yadda yake a yawancin ƙasashen da ke magana da Sipaniya, galibi ana dafa jinin naman alade da aka lulluɓe a cikin jakar hanjin alade (pudding baƙi a Turanci). Longaniza tsiran alade ce mai siriri wacce ke ɗauke da kusan kowace cakuda nama, mai, ko ma guringuntsi, wanda aka hayaƙi maimakon sabo. Chorizo ​​cakuda naman alade da aka yanka, kitsen alade, gishiri, hatsin barkono gabaɗaya, kirfa, achiote, da sauran kayan ƙanshi, waɗanda ke samar da launin ja mai zurfi. Abincin gargajiya ya ƙunshi ƙwai soyayye, dankalin turawa da aka niƙa, avocado, salati, da yanka chorizo ​​soyayye.

A Argentina, Uruguay, Bolivia, Peru, Colombia da Venezuela, chorizo ​​shine sunan kowane tsiran alade mai kauri. Haka kuma ana samun chorizo ​​irin na Sipaniya kuma ana bambanta shi da sunan chorizo ​​español ('Spanish chorizo') ko chorizo ​​colorado ('ja chorizo'). Chorizos na Argentina yawanci ana yin su ne da naman alade, kuma ba sa da zafi mai yaji. Wasu chorizos na Argentina sun haɗa da wasu nau'ikan nama, galibi naman sa. A Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay, Chile, da Peru, chorizo ​​sabo, wanda aka dafa kuma aka yi hidima a cikin burodi, ana kiransa choripán. A Colombia, chorizo ​​yawanci ana tare da arepa.

A Brazil, chouriço kalma ce da ake amfani da ita wajen kwatanta abin da a sauran Latin Amurka ake kira morcilla; tsiran alade nama kamar chorizos na wasu ƙasashen Latin Amurka ana kiransu linguiça. Ana amfani da nau'ikan chouriço da linguiça iri-iri a cikin nau'ikan abinci daban-daban, kamar feijoada.

A Bolivia, ana yin chorizos da naman alade, ana soya su kuma ana ba su salati (tumatir, latas, albasa, karas da aka dafa da quirquiña), mote, da kuma yanki na burodi da aka jika da kitsen chorizo. Ana kuma cin sandwiches na Chorizo, ba tare da mote ba.

Gabashin Timor

Ana yin Chourico a Gabashin Timor. Turawan Portugal ne suka gabatar da shi, tare da mulkin mallaka na Gabashin Timor.

Goa

A Goa, Indiya, wadda Turawan Portugal suka mulki tsawon shekaru 450 kuma tana da kaso mai yawa na Katolika na Goan, ana yin chouriço ne daga naman alade wanda aka jika a cikin cakuda vinegar, barkono ja, da kayan ƙanshi kamar tafarnuwa, citta, cumin, turmeric, cloves, barkono, da kirfa, sannan a saka su a cikin casings. Ana iya yin su danye (jika), a shaƙa ko a busar da su ta hanyar gishiri da iska. Ana cin waɗannan ko dai tare da burodin Goan na gida na Portugal, ko albasa lu'u-lu'u, ko duka biyun. Ana kuma amfani da tsiran alade, a yanka su gunduwa-gunduwa, a matsayin sinadarin nama a cikin pilaf ɗin shinkafa.

Ana samun nau'ikan chouriço guda uku a Goa: busasshe, rigar, da fata. Chouriço busasshe yana tsufa a rana na tsawon lokaci (watanni uku ko fiye). Chouriço mai rigar yana tsufa na kimanin wata ɗaya ko ƙasa da haka. Chouriço na fata, wanda kuma ya tsufa, ba kasafai yake samuwa ba kuma yana da wahalar samu. Ya ƙunshi fatar alade da aka niƙa tare da wasu kitsen da ke ƙarƙashinsa. Duk chouriços guda uku ana yin su ne ta hanyoyi daban-daban kamar zafi, matsakaici, da laushi. Akwai wasu bambance-bambancen, ya danganta da girman hanyoyin haɗin, waɗanda suka kama daga inci 1 zuwa 6 (2.5–15 cm). Yawanci, nau'ikan da suka jike sun fi tsayi fiye da waɗanda suka bushe.

Goan chouriços sun bambanta da Goan frankfurters, waɗanda suke kama da daidai da waɗanda ake samu a Amurka, amma galibi suna da ɗanɗanon barkono.

Philippines

Longaniza (Tagalog: longganisa; Visayan: chorizo, choriso, soroso) tsiran alade ne na Philippines waɗanda aka ɗanɗana da kayan ƙanshi na asali, kuma ana iya yin su da kaza, naman sa, ko ma tuna. Duk da cewa kalmar longaniza gabaɗaya tana nufin tsiran alade sabo, ana kuma amfani da ita a Philippines don nufin tsiran alade da aka warke. Ana rina longganisa na Philippines sau da yawa da tsaba achuete. Akwai nau'ikan iri-iri da yawa daga yankuna daban-daban a Philippines.