Elizabeth Stride

Elizabeth Stride
Rayuwa
Cikakken suna	Elisabeth Gustafsdotter
Haihuwa	Torslanda (en) , 27 Nuwamba, 1843
ƙasa	Sweden United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
Mutuwa	Whitechapel (en) , 30 Satumba 1888
Makwanci	East London Cemetery (en)
Yanayin mutuwa	kisan kai (stabbing (en) bleeding (en) )
Killed by	Jack the Ripper (mul)
Sana'a
Sana'a	domestic worker (en) da tinsmith (en)

Elizabeth "Long Liz" Stride (née Gustafsdotter; 27 Nuwamba 1843 - 30 Satumba 1888) an yi imanin cewa ita ce ta uku da aka azabtar da shi na Mai kisan gilla Landan ba a san shi ba wanda aka sani da Jack the Ripper, wanda ya kashe kuma ya nakasa akalla mata biyar a cikin gundumomin Whitechapel da Spitalfields na London daga ƙarshen Agusta zuwa farkon Nuwamba 1888.

Ba kamar sauran wadanda aka kashe ba, ba a lalata Stride ba bayan kisan ta, wanda ya haifar da wasu masana tarihi su yi zargin cewa Jack the Ripper bai kashe Stride ba. Koyaya, kisan Stride ya faru ƙasa da awa ɗaya kafin kisan wanda aka kashe na huɗu na Ripper, Catherine Eddowes, a cikin nisan tafiya, kuma ana zargin aikin kisan ta da wani mutum da ya shiga wurin aikata laifuka a kan karusar ƙafa biyu. Bugu da kari, an kashe mata biyu ta hanyar raunuka a makogwaro, wanda ya jagoranci yawancin marubuta da masu bincike suyi la'akari da Stride a matsayin na uku na wadanda aka kashe biyar na Ripper.

An ba Stride lakabi da "Long Liz". An ba da bayani da yawa game da wannan sunan; wasu sun yi imanin cewa ya samo asali ne daga sunanta na aure (mataki yana nufin dogon mataki), yayin da wasu suka yi imanin wannan yana nufin ko dai tsayinta, ko kuma tsarin fuskarta gaba ɗaya.

Rayuwa ta farko

An haifi Stride Elisabeth Gustafsdotter a ranar 27 ga Nuwamba 1843 a wani karamin gona kusa da Stora Tumlehed, wani ƙauye a cikin Ikklisiya na Torslanda, yammacin Gothenburg, Sweden. Ita ce ta biyu cikin 'ya'ya hudu da aka haifa wa manomi na Sweden Gustaf Ericsson (shekara 32) da matarsa Beata Carlsdotter (shekaru 33). Yayinda yake yaro, Gustafsdotter ya zauna a wannan gonar ƙauyen. Dukkanin yara huɗu an haife su ne a cikin bangaskiyar Lutheran, kuma duk an buƙaci su yi ayyuka da yawa a gonar.

Cocin Torslanda. An tabbatar da Gustafsdotter a wannan coci a 1859.

An tabbatar da Gustafsdotter a Cocin Torslanda a ranar 14 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 185 tana da shekaru 15, tare da bayanan zamani da ke nuna iliminta na Littafi Mai-Tsarki kamar yadda yake da cikakken bayani. A shekara mai zuwa, ta zaɓi ƙaura daga Stora Tumlehed zuwa birnin Gothenburg don neman aiki. Ba da daɗewa ba, ta sami aiki a matsayin ma'aikaciyar gida a Ikklisiyar Gothenburg ta Carl Johan, ma'aurata masu suna Olofsson ne ke aiki. Wannan aikin ya kasance har zuwa 2 ga Fabrairu 1864, inda Gustafsdotter ya koma wani gundumar Gothenburg, ya sake samun aiki a matsayin ma'aikacin gida. Tana tsakanin 5 in (1.57 da 5 ft 5 in (1.65 m) a tsawo kuma tana da gashi mai launin ruwan kasa mai duhu, idanu masu launin toka, fuska mai laushi da kuma launin fata.

Ba kamar sauran wadanda aka kashe a kisan kiyashi na Whitechapel ba - akalla uku daga cikinsu sun koma karuwanci saboda talauci bayan auren da ya gaza - Stride ya juya zuwa karuwanci a farkon rayuwa. Bayanan 'yan sanda na Gothenburg daga Maris 1865 sun tabbatar da kama ta a kan wannan zargi. An kula da ita aƙalla sau biyu don cututtukan venereal. A ranar 21 ga Afrilu 1865, Gustafsdotter ta haifi yarinya da aka haifa. Watanni bakwai bayan haka, ta sami aiki a matsayin baiwa a gundumar Gothenburg ta Haga .

Komawa zuwa London

A watan Fabrairun 1866, Gustafsdotter ya ƙaura daga Gothenburg zuwa London. Ba a san ainihin dalilin da ya sa ta koma daga Sweden zuwa Ingila ba, saboda an san ta da gaya wa sanannun labarai biyu daban-daban game da dalilin da ya ya sa ta sake komawa. Ga wasu, Gustafsdotter ta yi iƙirarin cewa ta koma Ingila saboda aikinta a cikin aikin gida na "mutumin" wanda ke zaune kusa da Hyde Park; ga wasu, Gustafdotter ta ce tana da iyali a London kuma ta zaɓi ziyartar danginta a cikin birni kambin ta zaɓi ta zauna a Ingila. Duk abin da gaskiya yake game da shawarar Gustafsdotter na komawa London, mai yiwuwa ta ba da kuɗin wannan tafiya tare da 65 kronor da ta gaji bayan mutuwar mahaifiyarta a watan Agusta 1864, kuma wanda ta karɓa a ƙarshen 1865.

Bayan ta isa Landan, Gustafsdotter ta koyi yin magana da Turanci da Yiddish ban da yaren ta. An kuma san ta da ɗan gajeren lokaci tare da ɗan sanda a ƙarshen shekarun 1860.

Aure

A ranar 7 ga Maris 1869, Gustafsdotter ta auri John Thomas Stride, masassaƙin jirgin ruwa daga Sheerness, wanda ya girme ta da shekaru 22. Sun yi aure a wani bikin da aka yi a St Giles a cikin Cocin Fields. Ma'auratan ba su da yara.

A shekara ta 1874, auren Strides ya fara lalacewa, kodayake sun ci gaba da zama tare. A shekara mai zuwa, John Stride ya sayar da shagon kofi, mai yiwuwa saboda matsalolin kudi.

Rabuwa

A watan Maris na shekara ta 1877, an shigar da Stride a Gidan aiki na Poplar, yana nuna cewa ma'auratan sun rabu da wannan kwanan wata. Koyaya, bayanan ƙidayar jama'a daga 1881 sun nuna cewa biyun sun sake haɗuwa kuma sun zauna tare a gundumar Bow, kodayake ma'auratan sun rabu har abada a ƙarshen wannan shekarar, tare da shigar da Stride a cikin gidan aiki na Whitechapel da ke fama da cutar bronchitis a watan Disamba na shekara ta 1881. An sallame ta daga wannan asibitin a ranar 4 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1882, kuma an yi imanin cewa ta zauna a daya daga cikin Gidajen zama na yau da kullun a kan Flower da Dean Street, Whitechapel, jim kadan bayan haka. Shekaru biyu bayan haka, a ranar 24 ga Oktoba 1884, John Stride ya mutu daga tarin fuka a cikin Poplar da Stepney Sick Asylum.

Middlesex Street, Spitalfields, c. 1890. Stride sau da yawa tana zaune a Gidajen zama na yau da kullun a cikin wannan gundumar London a cikin shekaru kafin kisan ta.

Gidajen zama na yau da kullun

Yayinda take zaune a gidajen zama na kowa, Stride a wasu lokuta tana karɓar taimakon sadaka daga Cocin Sweden a London, kuma daga 1885 har zuwa mutuwarta ta zauna da yawa tare da ma'aikacin tashar jiragen ruwa na gida Michael Kidney, wanda ke zaune a titin Devonshire. Ma'auratan suna da dangantaka mai rikitarwa kuma suna rabuwa a kai a kai, tare da Stride yana barci a cikin gidajen zama na gida kafin ya koma zama tare da Kidney. A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1887, Stride ta gabatar da tuhumar kai hari kan Kidney, kodayake ta kasa bin wannan zargi a kotu kuma an sallami karar. Dangantakarta da Kidney ta ci gaba a cikin hanyar da ta dace tsakanin 1885 da 1888.

Baya ga karuwanci, Stride a wasu lokuta yana samun kudin shiga daga sutura da tsaftace gida. Wani masani ya bayyana ta da kasancewa mai natsuwa, kodayake ta bayyana a gaban Kotun Majistare ta Thames a kusan lokuta takwas don halayyar maye da rashin tsari da kuma amfani da harshe mai lalata, tare da taron karshe a ranar 3 ga Satumba 1888. Lokaci-lokaci, Stride ta yi amfani da sunan Annie Fitzgerald a waɗannan sauraron.

1888

Bayan wata gardama a ranar 26 ga Satumba 1888, Stride da Kidney sun sake rabuwa, kuma ta sake zama a 32 Flower da Dean Street (sa'an nan sanannen ƙauye ne da kuma masu aikata laifuka ), ta sanar da wani ɗan'uwan mai masauki mai suna Catherine Lane ita da Kidney "suna da 'yan kalmomi". A cikin kwanaki masu zuwa tana samun kuɗi a kai a kai ta hanyar yin ayyukan tsaftacewa, a gidan zama da kuma mazauna yankin, mai kula da gida, Elizabeth Tanner, tana lura da ita ta zama mace mai shiru wacce a wasu lokuta ke yin aikin tsaftacewa ga al'ummar Yahudawa na yankin.

29 ga Satumba

A ranar da ta gabata kafin a kashe ta, an san Stride da tsaftace ɗakuna biyu a gidansa, wanda aka biya ta sixpence. A wannan maraice, ta sa baki baki da skirt, tare da wani Matsayi na ja rose a cikin wani spray na maidenhair fern ko asparagus ganye. An haɗa tufafinta da baƙar fata. A kokarin sa tufafinta su fi dacewa, an san ta da aro buroshi daga wani mazaunin. Da karfe 6:30 na yamma, Stride da Elizabeth Tanner sun ziyarci gidan cin abinci na Sarauniya a kan titin Kasuwanci kafin Stride ya dawo shi kaɗai zuwa gidan masauki. 

Bayanan shaidu na gaba game da motsi na Stride daga baya a yammacin 29 ga Satumba da kuma safiyar 30 ga Satumba sun nuna cewa tana iya kasancewa tare da daya ko fiye da sanannun da / ko abokan ciniki. Na farko daga cikin wadannan mutane an bayyana shi a matsayin ɗan gajeren mutum tare da gemu mai duhu, yana sanye da sutura da hat, tare da wanda aka gan ta da misalin karfe 11:00 na yamma a wani wuri kusa da Berner Street. Labarin shaida na biyu daga ma'aikaci William Marshall ya sanya Stride a cikin kamfanin wani mutum da ke sanye da murfin murfi, baƙar fata da wando mai duhu da ke tsaye a kan titin 58 Berner Street a kusan 11:45 na yamma. A cewar Marshall, Stride ya tsaya tare da wannan "mai kyau" mutum, kuma biyun sun yi sumba akai-akai kafin mutumin ya ce mata: "Za ku faɗi komai sai addu'o'inku".  

30 ga Satumba

Da karfe 12:35 na safe, PC William Smith ya ga Stride tare da wani mutum da ke sanye da hat mai wuya yana tsaye a gaban Kungiyar Ma'aikata ta Duniya, ƙungiyar zamantakewa ta gurguzu kuma mafi yawan Yahudawa, a 40 Berner Street (tun lokacin da aka sake masa suna Henriques Street) a Whitechapel. Mutumin yana ɗauke da kunshin kimanin inci 18 (45 cm) tsawo. Ba tare da wani dalili na jin tuhuma ba, Smith ya ci gaba da bugawa a cikin hanyar Kasuwanci. Tsakanin karfe 12:35 na safe da 12:45 na safe, ma'aikacin tashar jiragen ruwa James Brown ya ga wata mace da ya yi imanin cewa Stride ce tana tsaye tare da ita a kan bango a kusurwar Berner Street tana magana da wani mutum mai matsakaicin gini a cikin dogon baki. Brown ya ji Stride ya ce, "A'a. Ba dare ba. Wani dare. "     

Berner Street, wanda aka gani a nan a cikin 1909. An gano jikin Stride a Dutfield's Yard (wanda ake gani a ƙarƙashin motar da aka dakatar) a ranar 30 ga Satumba 1888.

Da misalin karfe 1:00 na safe a ranar Lahadi 30 ga Satumba 1888, Louis Diemschutz, mai kula da Kungiyar Ma'aikata ta Duniya ya gano jikin Stride a Dutfield's Yard[n 1]. Diemschutz ya shiga cikin filin da ba shi da haske tare da doki da karusar ƙafa biyu, lokacin da doki ya juya zuwa hagu [undefined] don kauce wa abin da ya zama kamar wani kunshin da ke kwance a ƙasa. [1] Da yake lura da abin da daga baya ya bayyana a matsayin "wani abu mai duhu" da ke kwance a ƙasa, Diemschutz ya yi ƙoƙari ya ɗaga abu tare da hannunsa na bulala kafin ya bar karusarsa don bincika shi. [2][3] Bayan ya kunna wasan, Diemschutz ya ga jiki mai laushi. Nan da nan ya gudu cikin kulob din don duba cewa matarsa tana da lafiya. Bayan ya same ta lafiya da lafiya, sai ya ba da rahoton bincikensa kafin ƙungiyar ta warwatse don neman taimako.[4] 

Jikin Stride ya kwanta a gefen hagu, tare da hannunta na dama a kan ciki kuma hannunta na hagu ya miƙa a bayanta. Hannunta na hagu har yanzu yana riƙe da cachous da yawa da aka lulluɓe a cikin takarda, kuma an ja baka na takalmin siliki mai laushi sosai zuwa hagu na wuyanta, watakila daga baya. Jinin har yanzu yana gudana daga raunin wuka guda daya da aka yi wa wuyan Stride kuma, kodayake hannayenta suna da sanyi idan aka taɓa su, wasu sassan jikinta sun kasance ko dai dan kadan ko "kyakkyawan" dumi. Wannan ya nuna cewa an kashe Stride jim kadan kafin zuwan Diemschutz a cikin yadi. Yawancin masu tallafawa Kungiyar Ilimi ta Maza da suka bar wurin tsakanin 12:30 da 12:50 na safe, daga baya sun sanar da 'yan sanda cewa ba su lura da wani abu ba.  

Bayan mutuwa

Likita na farko da ya isa shi ne Frederick William Blackwell . Likitan 'yan sanda Dokta George Bagster Phillips, wanda ya bincika jikin wanda aka kashe a Whitechapel Annie Chapman, ya isa kimanin minti 10 bayan haka. Takardun hukuma na Phillips Bayan mutuwa sun ce: