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Kogin Gulf

Daga Wikipedia, Insakulofidiya ta kyauta.
Kogin Gulf
Ruwa na yanzu
Bayanai
Bangare na North Atlantic Gyre (en) Fassara
Suna saboda Gulf of Mexico (en) Fassara
Ƙasa no value
Wuri a ina ko kusa da wace teku Tekun Atalanta
Time of discovery or invention (en) Fassara 1512
Wuri
Map
 35°N 70°W / 35°N 70°W / 35; -70
Yanayin zafi a yammacin Arewacin Atlantic: Yawancin ƙasar Arewacin Amurka baƙar fata ne da shuɗi mai duhu (tsaki), yayin da Gulf Stream ja ne (mai dumi). Tushen: NASA

Kogin Gulf yana da ruwan teku mai dumi da sauri wanda ya samo asali ne a cikin Tekun Mexico kuma yana gudana ta hanyar Straits na Florida da gabashin gabar tekun Amurka, sannan ya juya gabas kusa da 36 ° N latitude (North Carolina) kuma yana motsawa zuwa Arewa maso Yammacin Turai a matsayin Arewacin Atlantic Current. Tsarin karuwar yammacin yana haifar da Gulf Stream ya zama mai saurin arewacin gabar gabashin Arewacin Amurka. A kusa da 40°0′N 30°0′W / 40.000°N 30.000°W / 40.000; -30.000, ya rabu kashi biyu, tare da rafin arewa, Arewacin Atlantic Drift, ƙetare zuwa Arewacin Turai da rafin kudanci, Canary Current, sake zagayawa daga Yammacin Afirka.

Kogin Gulf yana rinjayar yanayi yankunan bakin teku na Gabashin Gabashin Amurka daga Florida zuwa kudu maso gabashin Virginia (kusa da 36 ° N latitude), kuma zuwa mafi girma, yanayin Arewa maso Yammacin Turai. Akwai yarjejeniya cewa yanayin Arewa maso Yammacin Turai ya fi zafi fiye da sauran yankuna na irin wannan latitude aƙalla wani ɓangare saboda ƙarfin Arewacin Atlantic Current.[1][2][3] Yana daga cikin Arewacin Atlantic Gyre . Kasancewarsa ya haifar da ci gaban guguwa mai karfi na kowane nau'i, a cikin yanayi da kuma cikin teku.

Tarihi

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Shafin Benjamin Franklin na Gulf Stream da aka buga a London a cikin 1769

Binciken Turai na Gulf Stream ya kasance ne a cikin balaguron 1512 na Juan Ponce na León, bayan haka ya zama sananne ga jiragen ruwa na Mutanen Espanya da ke tafiya daga Caribbean zuwa Spain. Wani taƙaitaccen labarin tafiyar Ponce de León a ranar 22 ga Afrilu, 1513, ya lura, "A halin yanzu irin wannan, kodayake suna da iska mai girma, ba za su iya ci gaba ba, amma baya kuma da alama suna ci gaba da kyau; a ƙarshe, an san cewa halin yanzu ya fi iska ƙarfi".[4]

Benjamin Franklin ya zama mai sha'awar tsarin yaduwar Tekun Atlantika ta Arewa. A shekara ta 1768, yayin da yake Ingila, Franklin ya ji korafi mai ban sha'awa daga Hukumar Kwastam ta Koloni: "Me ya sa ya ɗauki fakitin Burtaniya makonni da yawa don isa New York daga Ingila fiye da yadda ya ɗauki matsakaicin jirgin kasuwanci na Amurka don isa Newport, Rhode Island, duk da jiragen ruwa na kasuwanci da ke barin London kuma suna tafiya a cikin Kogin Thames sannan tsawon Channel na Ingila kafin su yi tafiya a fadin Atlantic, yayin da fakitin suka bar daga Falmouth a Cornwall?" [5]

Franklin ya tambayi dan uwansa Timothy Folger, kyaftin din kifi na Tsibirin Nantucket, don amsar. Folger ya bayyana cewa jiragen ruwa na kasuwanci suna tsallaka halin yanzu - wanda aka gano ta hanyar halayyar whale, auna zafin jiki na ruwa, da canje-canje a cikin launi na ruwa - yayin da kyaftin din jakar wasiku suka yi tsayayya da shi.[5] Franklin ya sa Folger ya zana hanyar halin yanzu a kan ginshiƙi na Atlantic kuma ya kara bayanin kula game da yadda za a guje wa halin yanzu yayin tafiya daga Ingila zuwa Amurka. Franklin daga nan ya tura ginshiƙi ga Anthony Todd, sakataren Ofishin Jakadancin Burtaniya.[5] An buga jadawalin Gulf Stream na Franklin a cikin 1769 a London, amma yawancin kyaftin din teku na Burtaniya sun yi watsi da shi.[6] An buga kwafin ginshiƙi a Paris a kusa da 1770-1773, kuma Franklin ya buga na uku a Philadelphia a cikin 1786.[7][8]

Abubuwan da ke ciki

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Kogin Gulf da ya dace shi ne halin yanzu na yamma, wanda ya fi dacewa da matsin iska.[9] A shekara ta 1958, masanin ilimin teku Henry Stommel ya lura, "ƙananan ruwa daga Tekun Mexico a zahiri yana cikin rafin". A halin yanzu na Arewacin Atlantic, akasin haka, ana motsa shi ne ta hanyar zagayawar thermohaline. Rashin ruwa mai dumi a arewa maso gabas a fadin Tekun Atlantika ya sa Yammacin Turai kuma musamman Arewacin Turai ya fi zafi da sauƙi fiye da yadda in ba haka ba zai kasance.[10]

Takamaiman wurin Gulf Stream yana canzawa a yanayi, yana kusa da bakin tekun Arewacin Amurka a lokacin rani kuma yana ci gaba a cikin hunturu.[11]

Halitta da halayyar

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Juyin Halitta na Gulf Stream zuwa yammacin Ireland yana ci gaba a matsayin Arewacin Atlantic CurrentArewacin Atlantic na yanzu

Kogin ruwan teku, wanda ake kira Atlantic North Equatorial Current, yana gudana zuwa yamma daga bakin tekun Afirka ta Tsakiya. Lokacin da wannan halin yanzu ke hulɗa da gabar arewa maso gabashin Kudancin Amurka, halin yanzu ya rabu zuwa rassa biyu. Ɗaya ya wuce cikin Tekun Caribbean, yayin da na biyu, Antilles Current, yana gudana a arewa da gabashin West Indies.[12] Wadannan rassan biyu sun sake haɗuwa a arewacin Straits of Florida.

Tsinkaya na gaba

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Wasu wallafe-wallafen labarai sun rufe yiwuwar rushewar Gulf Stream.[13][14][15][16] Rahoton Bincike na shida na IPCC ya magance wannan batun musamman, kuma ya gano cewa bisa ga tsinkaye na samfurin da fahimtar ka'idoji, Kogin Gulf ba zai rufe a cikin yanayin zafi ba.[17] Duk da yake ana sa ran Kogin Gulf zai ragu yayin da yaduwar juyawa ta Atlantic (AMOC) ta raunana, ba za ta rushe ba, koda kuwa AMOC za ta russe.[17] Duk da haka, wannan raguwa zai sami sakamako mai mahimmanci, gami da hauhawar matakin teku tare da gabar tekun Arewacin Amurka, rage hazo a cikin tsakiyar latitudes, canza tsarin hazo mai ƙarfi a kusa da Turai da wurare masu zafi, da guguwa masu ƙarfi a Arewacin Atlantic.[18]

Manazarta

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  1. ↑ UK Met Office. "What is the Gulf Stream?".
  2. ↑ BBC (24 September 2014). "Climate Change from the BBC Weather Center - Gulf Stream".
  3. ↑ NOAA SciJinks. "What is the Gulf Stream? | NOAA SciJinks".
  4. ↑ Wilkinson, Jerry. "History of the Gulf Stream". Keys Historeum. Historical Preservation Society of the Upper Keys. Retrieved 15 July 2010.
  5. 1 2 3 Empty citation (help) Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "tuchman" defined multiple times with different content.
  6. ↑ Isserman, Maurice (2002). "Ben Franklin and the Gulf Stream" (PDF). Study of place. TERC. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 July 2011. Retrieved 15 July 2010.
  7. ↑ Anon. "1785: Benjamin Franklin's 'Sundry Maritime Observations'". Ocean Explorer: Readings for ocean explorers. NOAA Office of Ocean Exploration and Research. Archived from the original on 18 December 2005. Retrieved 15 July 2010.
  8. ↑ Richardson, Philip L.; Adams, Nathan T. (Spring 2018). "Uncharted Waters: Nantucket Whalers and the Franklin-Folger Chart of the Gulf Stream". Historic Nantucket. 68 (1): 17–24.
  9. ↑ Wunsch, Carl (November 8, 2002). "What Is the Thermohaline Circulation?". Science. 298 (5596): 1179–1181. doi:10.1126/science.1079329. PMID 12424356. S2CID 129518576. (see also Rahmstorf.)
  10. ↑ Barbie Bischof; Arthur J. Mariano; Edward H. Ryan (2003). "The North Atlantic Drift Current". The National Oceanographic Partnership Program. Retrieved 2008-09-10.
  11. ↑ Sánchez-Román, Antonio; Gues, Flora; Bourdalle-Badie, Romain; Pujol, Marie-Isabelle; Pascual, Ananda; Drévillon, Marie (2024-09-30). "Changes in the Gulf Stream path over the last 3 decades". State of the Planet (in English). 4-osr8: 1–11. doi:10.5194/sp-4-osr8-4-2024.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  12. ↑ Elizabeth Rowe; Arthur J. Mariano; Edward H. Ryan. "The Antilles Current". Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies. Retrieved 2009-01-06.
  13. ↑ "Climate crisis: Scientists spot warning signs of Gulf Stream collapse". the Guardian (in Turanci). 2021-08-05. Retrieved 2022-05-23.
  14. ↑ Ben Turner (2021-08-06). "Gulf Stream could be veering toward irreversible collapse, a new analysis warns". livescience.com (in Turanci). Retrieved 2022-05-23.
  15. ↑ Angela Dewan (6 August 2021). "A crucial ocean circulation is showing signs of instability. Its shutdown would have serious impacts on our weather". CNN. Retrieved 2022-05-23.
  16. ↑ "A major Atlantic current is at a critical transition point". www.pbs.org (in Turanci). 17 February 2022. Retrieved 2022-05-23.
  17. 1 2 Fox-Kemper, B.; Hewitt, H.T.; Xiao, C.; Aðalgeirsdóttir, G.; Drijfhout, S.S.; Edwards, T.L.; Golledge, N.R.; Hemer, M.; Kopp, R.E.; Krinner, G.; Mix, A. (2021). Masson-Delmotte, V.; Zhai, P.; Pirani, A.; Connors, S.L.; Péan, C.; Berger, S.; Caud, N.; Chen, Y.; Goldfarb, L. (eds.). "Ocean, Cryosphere and Sea Level Change" (PDF). Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, USA. 2021: 1321. doi:10.1017/9781009157896.011. ISBN 9781009157896.
  18. ↑ Fox-Kemper, B.; Hewitt, H.T.; Xiao, C.; Aðalgeirsdóttir, G.; Drijfhout, S.S.; Edwards, T.L.; Golledge, N.R.; Hemer, M.; Kopp, R.E.; Krinner, G.; Mix, A. (2021). Masson-Delmotte, V.; Zhai, P.; Pirani, A.; Connors, S.L.; Péan, C.; Berger, S.; Caud, N.; Chen, Y.; Goldfarb, L. (eds.). "Ocean, Cryosphere and Sea Level Change" (PDF). Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, USA. 2021: 1321. doi:10.1017/9781009157896.011. ISBN 9781009157896.
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