Masana
Masana mutane ne da suka samu ilimi, horo, gogewa ko ƙwarewa mai zurfi a wani fanni na rayuwa, kimiyya, fasaha, sana'a ko gudanarwa. Ana kallon masana a matsayin mutanen da ke da cikakkiyar fahimta da ƙwarewar da ke ba su damar warware matsaloli, bayar da shawarwari da kuma samar da sababbin hanyoyin ci gaba a fannoninsu.[1]
Ma'ana
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Kalmar masana tana nufin mutanen da suka kai wani matsayi na ilimi ko ƙwarewa da ya bambanta su da sauran mutane a wani fanni. Ana samun wannan matsayi ne ta hanyar karatu, bincike, aiki na dogon lokaci da kuma samun gogewa a aikace.[2]
Nau'o'in masana
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Akwai nau'o'in masana da dama, waɗanda suka haɗa da:
- Masana kimiyya
- Masana lafiya
- Masana ilimi
- Masana fasaha da sadarwa
- Masana aikin gona
- Masana tattalin arziki
- Masana shari'a
- Masana gine-gine
- Masana muhalli
Ayyukan masana
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Masana suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin al'umma ta hanyoyi daban-daban, ciki har da:
- Gudanar da bincike da ƙirƙire-ƙirƙire.
- Bayar da shawara ga gwamnati da ƙungiyoyi.
- Koyarwa da horar da sababbin ƙwararru.
- Taimakawa wajen warware matsalolin zamantakewa da tattalin arziki.
- Samar da sababbin fasahohi da dabarun aiki.[3]
Muhimmancin masana
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Masana suna da muhimmanci wajen ci gaban al'umma saboda suna taimakawa wajen samar da ilimi, inganta ayyuka da kuma gina tushen ci gaba mai ɗorewa. Gudummawar da suke bayarwa tana taimakawa wajen inganta kiwon lafiya, ilimi, tattalin arziki da fasaha.[4]
Hanyoyin zama masani
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Mutum na iya zama masani ta hanyoyi kamar:
- Samun ilimi mai zurfi a wani fanni.
- Yin bincike da nazari akai-akai.
- Samun gogewa ta aiki.
- Halartar tarurruka da horaswa.
- Ci gaba da sabunta iliminsa da ƙwarewarsa.
Kalubalen masana
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Duk da muhimmancinsu, masana suna fuskantar kalubale da suka haɗa da:
- Sauye-sauyen fasaha da ilimi.
- Bukatar ci gaba da sabunta ƙwarewa.
- Rashin wadatattun kayan aiki a wasu wurare.
- Matsin lamba daga jama'a ko hukumomi wajen yanke shawara.[5]
Duba kuma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Ericsson, K. Anders (2006). The Cambridge Handbook of Expertise and Expert Performance. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521840972.
- ↑ Collins, Harry (2007). Rethinking Expertise. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 9780226113623.
- ↑ Chi, Michelene T. H. (2006). "Two Approaches to the Study of Experts' Characteristics". The Cambridge Handbook of Expertise and Expert Performance.
- ↑ Feltovich, Paul J. (1997). Expertise in Context. MIT Press.
- ↑ Collins, Harry (2014). Are We All Scientific Experts Now?. Polity Press. ISBN 9780745686417.
