Kesultanan Langah

Kesultanan Langah adalah kesultanan abad pertengahan akhir yang berbasis di wilayah Punjab di anak benua India bagian barat antara abad ke-15 dan ke-16. Kesultanan ini merupakan kekuatan dominan di wilayah Doab bagian bawah dengan Multan sebagai pusatnya. Kesultanan Langah dianeksasi pada 1527, tetapi tetap memiliki otoritas otonom hingga bergabung dengan Kekaisaran Mughal pada 1530.

Asal-usul

Terdapat banyak ketidakpastian mengenai asal etnis maupun kronologi penguasa Langah, karena sumber-sumber primer berbeda secara signifikan.^[1]

Menurut penulis abad ke-16 dan pengarang Tārīkh-i ḥaqqī, Abdul Haqq, pendiri dinasti ini adalah seorang bernama "Buddhan Khan", kepala suku Langaw dari etnis Baloch.^[2]^[3] Sejarawan Suhail Zaheer Lari, yang mengkhususkan diri dalam sejarah Sindh dan Pakistan selatan, juga menyebut suku ini sebagai Baloch.^[4] André Wink menggambarkan Langah sebagai salah satu dari sejumlah suku Baloch yang bergerak ke timur menuju wilayah Multan.^[5]

Namun, sejarawan abad ke-17 yang berbasis di Deccan, Firishta, menyebut pendiri dinasti ini sebagai "Rai Sahra" dan menyatakan bahwa ia seorang Afgan.^[1]^[6] Dr. Mahmudal Hasan Siddiqi meragukan klaim ini karena Langah tidak tercatat dalam silsilah Afgan.^[7] Ia juga mencatat bahwa tradisi lokal Multan mengaitkan Langah dengan asal-usul Rajput. Selain Firishta, Nizamuddin, Mir Ma'sum, Abbas Sarwani, dan Sujan Rai juga menyebut pendiri dinasti sebagai Rai Sahra (atau Sehra), meskipun tidak memberikan informasi lebih lanjut mengenai asal etnisnya.^[1]^[8] Menurut Dr. Hameed-ud-Din, gelar "Rai" yang mendahului nama Sahra menunjukkan kemungkinan asal-usul Rajput.^[1] Beberapa sumber kontemporer lainnya juga menyebut penguasa Langah sebagai Rajput,^[9]^[10] sementara beberapa catatan lain menyebut mereka sebagai Jat.^[11]

Tempat asal sultan Langah juga diperdebatkan; beberapa sumber menyebut Siwi (Sibi modern di Balochistan) dan Rapar di Mailsi dekat Multan.^[1] Menurut Siddiqi, tampaknya lebih mungkin bahwa Langah awalnya menetap di dekat Rapar, dan keterkaitan dengan Siwi kemungkinan merupakan kesalahan transkripsi, karena mereka tidak pernah tercatat berada di wilayah tersebut.^[7]

Penguasa

Gelar	Nama	Memerintah
Sultan Qutbu'd-Din Mahmud I سلطان قطب الدین محمود اول	Rai Sahra Langah رای سهره لنگاہ	1445 – 1469
Sultan Husseyn I سلطان حسین اول	Husseyn Shah Langah حسین لنگاه	1469 – 1498
Sultan Feroz سلطان فیروز	Feroz Khan Langah فیروز خان لنگاه	1498 – 1499
Sultan Husseyn I سلطان حسین اول	Husseyn Shah Langah حسین لنگاه	1499 – 29 August 1502
Sultan Mahmud II سلطان محمود دوم	Budha Khan Langah بدھا خان لنگاہ	30 August 1502 – 1525
Sultan Husseyn II سلطان حسین دوم	Husseyn Langah حسین لنگاه	1525 – 1527
Sultan Lashkar سلطان لشکر	Lashkar Khan Langah لشکر خان لنگاه	1527 – 1530

Referensi

1 2 3 4 5 Din, Dr. Hameed-ud (1967) [1960]. "Appendix to Chapter X: The Origin of the Lankahs". Dalam Majumdar, R. C. (ed.). The Delhi Sultanate. The History and Culture of the Indian People. Vol. VI (Edisi 2nd). Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan. hlm. 246–247. OCLC 664485.
↑ Baloch, N. A. (1998). "The Rulers of Sind, Baluchistan and Multan (750–1500)". The Regions of Sind, Baluchistan, Multan and Kashmir: The Historical, Social and Economic Setting (PDF). History of Civilizations of Central Asia. Vol. IV. UNESCO. hlm. 305. ISBN 978-92-3-103467-1. Diarsipkan dari asli (PDF) tanggal 28 Oktober 2016.{{cite book}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)
↑ Baloch, Nabi Bakhsh Khan (1995). "Independent Sultanates of Uch, Multan and Sindh". Lands of Pakistan: Perspectives, Historical and Cultural (dalam bahasa Inggris). Islamabad: el-Mashriqi Foundation. hlm. 110. OCLC 34962301. According to the scholar historian Abdul Haqq, the author of Tarikh-i-Haqqi (composed in 1005/1592-93), with the decline of the power of Sultans of Delhi, Budhan Khan of Sindh, the chief of the Baloch tribe of the Langah, assembled his force at Uch and invaded Multan.
↑ Lari, Suhail Zaheer (1994). "Shah Hasan". A History of Sindh (dalam bahasa Inggris). Oxford University Press. hlm. 108. ISBN 978-0-19-577501-3. Langahs, a Baloch tribe that had manoeuvred to become the overlords of Multan.
↑ Wink, Andre (2025). Al-Hind: The Making of the Indo-Islamic World Volume IV: The Age of the Great Mughals, 16th-17th Centuries. Part Two: The Rise of Islam from the Indus to the Malay-Indonesian Archipelago. BRILL. hlm. 78. ISBN 9789004729216. Towards the close of the fifteenth century, the Baluchis were once again on the move in Sind and one of their tribes, the Langahs, became the rulers of Multan
↑ Jackson, Peter (2003). The Delhi Sultanate: A Political and Military History. Cambridge University Press. hlm. 323. ISBN 978-0-52154329-3. ...subsequently supplanted by the Afghan dynasty of the Langāhs.
1 2 Siddiqi, Dr. Mahmudul Hasan (2014) [1972]. "Appendix H: The Langāhs of Multan". History of the Arghuns and Tarkhans of Sindh (1507 –1593) (Edisi 2nd). Karachi: Endowment Fund Trust For Preservation Of The Heritage Of Sindh. hlm. 220–225. ISBN 978-969-9860-06-5. Originally a doctoral dissertation presented at the University of Manchester in 1958, first published by the University of Sindh in 1972 (see Preface, pp. ix–xiii)
↑ Islam, Arshad (1990). "Sind Under the Delhi Sultanate". History of Sind During Pre-Mughal Period (Tesis). Aligarh Muslim University. hlm. 122–129. OCLC 957003202.
↑ Kumar, Raj (2008). Encyclopaedia of Untouchables Ancient, Medieval and Modern (dalam bahasa Inggris). Gyan Publishing House. ISBN 978-81-7835-664-8. Meanwhile the Langah Rajputs had established themselves on the throne of Multan.
↑ Qanungo, Kalika Ranjan; Kānūnago, Kālikā Rañjana (1965). Sher Shah and His Times (dalam bahasa Inggris). Orient Longmans. hlm. 286. Under the shadow of Rajput Langah dynasty of Multan...
↑ Wagha, A. (1990). The Siraiki Language: Its Growth and Development. Dderawar Publications. hlm. 107. In the first quarter of the 16th century A.D. the Langah Jat rulers of Multan encouraged the Balochs to be settled in Derajat by granting Jageers in return for which they were to render as military service.

[:0-1] 1 2 3 4 5 Din, Dr. Hameed-ud (1967) [1960]. "Appendix to Chapter X: The Origin of the Lankahs". Dalam Majumdar, R. C. (ed.). The Delhi Sultanate. The History and Culture of the Indian People. Vol. VI (Edisi 2nd). Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan. hlm. 246–247. OCLC 664485.

[UNESCO-2] Baloch, N. A. (1998). "The Rulers of Sind, Baluchistan and Multan (750–1500)". The Regions of Sind, Baluchistan, Multan and Kashmir: The Historical, Social and Economic Setting (PDF). History of Civilizations of Central Asia. Vol. IV. UNESCO. hlm. 305. ISBN 978-92-3-103467-1. Diarsipkan dari asli (PDF) tanggal 28 Oktober 2016.{{cite book}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)

[3] Baloch, Nabi Bakhsh Khan (1995). "Independent Sultanates of Uch, Multan and Sindh". Lands of Pakistan: Perspectives, Historical and Cultural (dalam bahasa Inggris). Islamabad: el-Mashriqi Foundation. hlm. 110. OCLC 34962301. According to the scholar historian Abdul Haqq, the author of Tarikh-i-Haqqi (composed in 1005/1592-93), with the decline of the power of Sultans of Delhi, Budhan Khan of Sindh, the chief of the Baloch tribe of the Langah, assembled his force at Uch and invaded Multan.

[4] Lari, Suhail Zaheer (1994). "Shah Hasan". A History of Sindh (dalam bahasa Inggris). Oxford University Press. hlm. 108. ISBN 978-0-19-577501-3. Langahs, a Baloch tribe that had manoeuvred to become the overlords of Multan.

[5] Wink, Andre (2025). Al-Hind: The Making of the Indo-Islamic World Volume IV: The Age of the Great Mughals, 16th-17th Centuries. Part Two: The Rise of Islam from the Indus to the Malay-Indonesian Archipelago. BRILL. hlm. 78. ISBN 9789004729216. Towards the close of the fifteenth century, the Baluchis were once again on the move in Sind and one of their tribes, the Langahs, became the rulers of Multan

[6] Jackson, Peter (2003). The Delhi Sultanate: A Political and Military History. Cambridge University Press. hlm. 323. ISBN 978-0-52154329-3. ...subsequently supplanted by the Afghan dynasty of the Langāhs.

[:1-7] 1 2 Siddiqi, Dr. Mahmudul Hasan (2014) [1972]. "Appendix H: The Langāhs of Multan". History of the Arghuns and Tarkhans of Sindh (1507 –1593) (Edisi 2nd). Karachi: Endowment Fund Trust For Preservation Of The Heritage Of Sindh. hlm. 220–225. ISBN 978-969-9860-06-5. Originally a doctoral dissertation presented at the University of Manchester in 1958, first published by the University of Sindh in 1972 (see Preface, pp. ix–xiii)

[:2-8] Islam, Arshad (1990). "Sind Under the Delhi Sultanate". History of Sind During Pre-Mughal Period (Tesis). Aligarh Muslim University. hlm. 122–129. OCLC 957003202.

[9] Kumar, Raj (2008). Encyclopaedia of Untouchables Ancient, Medieval and Modern (dalam bahasa Inggris). Gyan Publishing House. ISBN 978-81-7835-664-8. Meanwhile the Langah Rajputs had established themselves on the throne of Multan.

[Qanungo-10] Qanungo, Kalika Ranjan; Kānūnago, Kālikā Rañjana (1965). Sher Shah and His Times (dalam bahasa Inggris). Orient Longmans. hlm. 286. Under the shadow of Rajput Langah dynasty of Multan...

[Wagha_1990_p.-11] Wagha, A. (1990). The Siraiki Language: Its Growth and Development. Dderawar Publications. hlm. 107. In the first quarter of the 16th century A.D. the Langah Jat rulers of Multan encouraged the Balochs to be settled in Derajat by granting Jageers in return for which they were to render as military service.

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