Akulusyum
Akulusyum neɣ Kulusyum neɣ Amsiswar Aflavi (s talatint : Colosseum, s taṭalyanit : Colosseo), d amsiswar ameqqren yezga-d deg Ṛuma, bnan-t deg tallit n umenkad aṛumani Vespasianus Augustus (gar 70 ed 72)[1], Akulusyum yesεa kuẓ (ṛebεa) n wannagen[2] anda yezmer ad yawi 50 000[1] neɣ 100 000 n yimferrjen[2].
Akulusyum ittuseqdec deg imenɣan n yigladyaturen, ama a gar-asen, neɣ mgal iɣersiwen akked imenɣan s wudem n yiɣerruba[2].
Deg Tallit-Tanammast, yettuɣal taglisya, u d yiɣrem n snat n twaculin tarumanit Frangipane ed Annibaldi[1].
Deg 2007, Akulusyum yettwaxtar d yiwen seg Sa n leεǧubat timaynutin n umaḍal[3].
1. Aẓar d tikti n lebni
[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]Tikti n lebni n ukulusyum d tin i d-yusan sɣur umenkad Vespasyan (Vespasien) deg useggas 70 ar 72 deffir tlalit n Ɛisa. Iswi-s yella d asertan yerna d adamsan:
- Tuɣalin n wakal i wegdud: Vespasyan yefren ad yebnu asebdir-a(amsiswar-a) ɣef wemkan anda yella ugelmim udmawan n "Wexxam Awraɣ" (Domus Aurea) i yebna Niru i yiman-is kan. S wakka, Vespasyan yerra-d tallunt-nni i yimezdaɣ n Ṛuma irkelli.
- Tadrimt n lebni: Akulusyum yettwabna s yidrimen n uḥwaṣ d tewsiwin i d-kkan seg tegrawla n Wudayen, gar-asen ayen i d-yewwi mmi-s Tiṭus seg useɣli n wemkan n ufakan di Lquds deg useggas 70.
Lebni yekfa s ddaw ufus n umenkad Tiṭus deg useggas 80. Syin akkin, gma-s Dumisyan yerna yesseɣti-t, yerna-yas-d taserkemt taneggarut akked tzeɣwa ddaw n wakal.
2. Tasegda d tanga n lebni
[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]Akulusyum d aɣewwaɣ deg unagraw n lebni-s. Mgal yisebdiriyen igrigiyen i yettwabnan deg yidurar, Akulusyum yettwabna ɣef lqaɛa timseggemt, yerna iɛemmed ɣef tɣessa n yisekkaren ijdiden deg tallit-nni.
| Ayla | Aglam d Waktal |
| Talɣa | Tamellalt (Ovale) |
| Teɣzi | 189 n lmitrat |
| Tehri | 156 n lmitrat |
| Tattayt | 48 n lmitrat |
| Amḍan n yimferrjen | Gar 50.000 ar 80.000 n yemdanen |
| Tanga | Aẓru n Travertin, uzzal, aɣrab n tyajuṛt, ssiman aṛumani |
Iḥricen n Usebdir(amsiswar):
[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]- Annar: D asalu alemmas anda ttqabalen yigladyaturen. Yettwaɣem s tencirin n wusɣar, ɣef wacu ssersen ijdi akken ad yessimẓ iseffen n yidammen n wid yettmettaten.
- Tizeɣwa n ddaw wakal (Ipejyum - Hypogée): Dumisyan yebna-d aẓeṭṭa n tzeɣwa d yiberdan ddaw n wennar. Dinna i ttheyyin yiɣersiwen n tẓegwa (izmawen, iɣilasen) d yigladyaturen. Sseqdacen allalen ikinaniyen (ascenseurs et poulies) akken ad d-ssalin iɣersiwen ɣer wennar s wudem awham.
- Tiserkmin: Imferrjen ttwabḍan neɣ ttwaferqen ɣef tseddarin n tɣimit ilmend n tserkemt-nsen deg tmetti. Imaslaḍen n Usqamu d yimenkaden sɣimin deg tseddarin timezwura (yellan s uẓru n marmar), ma d agdud aḥerfi, tlawin, d yiklan sɣimin deg tseddarin tinneggura.
3. Amezruy d useqdec-ines
[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]Akulusyum yella d ul n tmeddurt tanmettit di Ṛuma. Ayen i d-yettilin deg-s yebḍa ɣef kraḍ n tɣawsiwin timeqqranin:
- Urar n yigladyaturen (Munera): D imgaruden gar yergazen, tikwal gar wergaz d uɣersiw. Yal agladyatur yesɛa imrigen-is(leslaḥ-is) d uɣenbur-is yemgaraden.
- Tagmert d usenɛet n yiɣersiwen (Venatio): Tmenkda Taṛumanit tesseqdac Akulusyum akken ad d-tesken tanzmart-is d tezrirt-is ɣef umaḍal, s ukter(tuwwin) n yiɣersiwen imaynuten seg Tefriqt, Asya, d Turuft.
- Aserwes n yimennuɣen n yilel (Naumachiae): Uqbel ma yebnu Dumisyan tizeɣwa n ddaw wakal, annar n Wekulusyum yella yezmer ad yeččaṛ d aman (imengi) akken ad d-alsen i userwes n yimennuɣen imeqqranen n yilel gar iɣerruba n zik.
- Tineɣɣiyin: Yessexdam-it udabu akken ad nɣan wid yeffɣen i usaḍuf aṛumani (iniɣiyen), neɣ i usenqes n yimakaren-nsen zdat wegdud.
4. Tagara d Tukkest
[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]Tanzagt n useqdec n Wekulusyum tessaweḍ ɣer wazal n 500 n yiseggasen. Ayen i as-yerran d talast i useqdec-ines mačči d yiwen:
- Anhaz n wakal d tmihiyin: Asebdir-a yenṭerr aṭas seg unxixel neɣ unhaz n tmurt(zzlezlat) i d-yeḍran deg yiseggasen 847 d 1231, i isseɣlin aḥric n uɣrab n berra.
- Aɣbalu n lebni: Di Tallit Talemmast, imezdaɣ n Ṛuma uɣalen sseqdacen Akulusyum am tɣeddiwt n yidɣaɣen. Kksen aṭas n yiẓra n travertin, akked uzzal i yellan yeqqen iɣraben, akken ad bnun yes-sen ixxamen n yigelliden neɣ ifakanen n tdiyant tamaynut(tamasiḥit).
Xas akken yenṭar, Akulusyum yeqqim-d d amatar agejdan n tsemda taṛumanit. Ass-a, yettwaḥseb d yiwen seg yimekwan i d-yettawin aṭas n yimsebriden deg umaḍal.
