二重限定関係節文と連鎖関係節文の比較分析
接触関係節とthat節の二重限定関係節
1) There were many things they wondered about that I could have explained to them, but I never dared. (小西.1975.p1500)
[[There were <many things [ they wondered about ][ that I could have explained to them]>], but [ I never dared ].]
[S’]┬A: There
├V: were
└S-o: many things
│ ├Ø(接触)
│ ├s: they
│ ├v： wondered
│ └a: about (many things)
├o:that(☞注)
├s： I
├v: could have explained
└(a): to them
├, but
├S: I
└V: never dared (to explain…).
☞注：省略不可のこの関係代名詞thatの先行詞句が<many things [they wondered about]>。
拙訳「一体どうなんだろうと彼らが思い巡らせていることで、僕ならやろうと思えば彼らに説明できたことがたくさんあったけれど、一切敢えて説明しなかった。」
・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・
連鎖関係節(concatenated relational clause)
2) The girl everybody said was honest deceived me.
[S] ┬S： The girl───┐
│ ↓ │
│ (who/that) │
│ ↑ ├s: everybody
│ │ ├v: said
│ │ └o:(that)
│ └───────┼s: she
│ ├v: was
│ └c: honest
├V: deceived
└O: me.
拙訳「誰もが正直だと言っていたその少女が僕を騙した。」
（💡タイトル画像は、“虫も食わないようないたいけな少女”の連想からｗ）
⇒連鎖関係詞節について
⇒関係代名詞の連鎖と二重限定の違い
⇒東大入試で学ぶ英文解釈(1) 解説（連鎖関係代名詞）
・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・
連鎖関係詞節完成までのプロセス
出典：高校生・受験生のための自律系学習ツール「ラヴコ」
(c) 2010 RAVCO All Rights Reserved.
(リンク切れ)
・The girl deceived me. Everybody said that she was honest.
↓
(1) 埋め込み：The girl [everybody said that she was honest ] deceived me.
(2) 関係詞化（同時に接続詞thatは消す）： The girl [ everybody said ∅ who was honest ] deceived me.
(3) wh 移動：The girl [ who (that) everybody said ∅ was honest ] deceived me.
⇒ The girl ←＜who (that) everybody said was honest＞ deceived me.
追加説明：接触節(contact claus)☜従って”関係代名詞の省略”ではない。
⇒ [<The girl [ everybody said [ was honest] ]> deceived me.]
「誰もが正直だと言っていたその少女は、僕を騙した。」
3) Do what you believe is right.
・Do the thing. You believe that it is right.
↓
(1) 埋め込み：Do the thing [ you believe that it is right].
(2) 関係詞化（接続詞thatは省略）： Do the thing [ you believe ∅ which (that) is right].
(3) wh 移動：Do the thing [ which (that) you believe ∅ is right].
→ Do the thing ←＜which (that) you believe is right＞.
さらにthe thing which を whatへ統合すると
→ {V}Do {O}[what you believw is right].
「自分が正しいと信じることをやりなさい。」
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比較・パラフレーズ
4) He is the only person I know who cannot speak English at all.
5) He is the only person who ( I know ) cannot speak English at all.
4) 二重限定関係節文
5) 連鎖関係節文
4) I know him. He is the only person (among my acquaintances) who cannot speak English at all. └先行詞─────────────────┘
5) I know that he cannot speak English at all. I don't know about other people.
4) 僕は彼を知っている。 彼は僕の知人の中で唯一英語が全く話せない人物だ。
5) 彼が全く英語を話せないことは知っている。他の人のことは知らない。
・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・
例文演習
6) He is the person who I thought was a doctor.
「彼は僕が医者だと思っていた人物だ。」
He is the ( ) who I ( ) ( ) a doctor.
7) This is a book that I expect I can read through.
「これは、僕が読み切ることができると思っている本だ。」
This is a ( ) that ( ) expect ( ) can ( )( ).
8) I saw a woman who I thought was a friend of my mother's.
「僕は母の友達だと思っていた女性を見かけた。」
I ( ) a ( ) who ( ) ( ) ( ) a friend of my ( ).
9) The woman I first thought was her sister turned out to be her mother.
「最初彼女のお姉さんだと思った女性は、実は彼女の母親だということが判った。」
The ( ) ( ) first ( ) ( ) her sister ( ) ( ) to
( ) her mother.
10) That's the man (who/that) I wish I'd married.
あの方は、私が (無理かも知れないけれど)結婚したいなぁと望んでいた男性なんです。
( ) the man who ( ) ( )( ) married.
11) We feed children who we think are hungry.
「われわれが食事を与えるのは、腹をすかせていると思う子供たちに対してだ。」
We ( )( ) who ( ) ( ) ( ) hungry.
12) Johnsen, who I remember was good at math in high school, is now majoring in engineering at college.
「ヨハンセンは、僕の記憶では高校時代、数学が得意だったが、今は単科の大学で工学を専攻している。」
Johnsen, ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) at ( ) in high school,( ) now ( ) in engineering at ( ).
13) I've just been to see an old friend that I'm not sure when I'm going to see again.
「今度いつ会えるかわからない古い友人に会いに行ってきたところだ。
( ) just ( ) to ( ) an ( ) ( ) that I'm ( )
( ) ( ) I'm ( ) ( ) ( ) again.
14) We are enclosing an application form, which we (should ) be grateful
if you would sign and return. └(英) ☞(米)では用いない。
申請書を同封致します。ご署名してご返送いただければ幸甚に存じます。
We are ( ) an ( ) form, ( ) we should ( )
( ) ( ) you ( ) ( ) and ( ).
15) This school had a liberal reputation, which I suspect was earned in the 1920s and has never been reconsidered since then.
この学校は自由だという評判だったが、それは1920年代に得られたもので、それ以来一度も見直されたことがなかったと私は疑って見ている。
This school ( ) a liberal ( ), ( ) I ( ) ( )
earned in the 1920s and ( ) never ( ) ( ) since then.
16) Men with fierce black mustaches, who she noticed had mainly taken the seats next to the open window, immediately went to sleep ignoring the woman.
険しく黒々として口ひげをたくわえた男性たちが主に、開いた窓の隣の座席に座っていることに彼女は気づいたが、彼らはその女性を無視して、すぐに眠ってしまった。
Men ( ) fierce black mustaches, ( ) she ( ) ( ) mainly taken the seats ( ) to the open window, immediately ( ) to sleep
( ) the woman.
17) Should you do what you think is right even when everyone else thinks it's wrong? └先行詞を含む関係代名詞
他の誰もが間違っていると考えている時にも、自分が正しいと思うことをするべきなのだろうか。
( ) you ( ) ( ) you think ( ) right even ( )
everyone else ( ) it's wrong?
18) What Americans say they do not have is time to spend with people who are important to them.
アメリカ人が持っていないと言うものは、自分にとって大切な人と一緒の過ごす時間だ。
( ) Americans ( ) ( ) do not have ( ) time ( )
spend ( ) people who ( ) important ( ) them.
19) He is admired for doing what he says he will.
彼が賞賛されるのも、有言実行だからである。
He is ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) he ( ) he ( ) .
20) Primitive man believes in his dreams even more than he does in his own perception. Not only are people held responsible for what others see them doing in their dreams, but the accused man is ready to accept responsibility for what the other has dreamt he was doing.
未開人は自分自身の知覚の正しさを信じるより、ずっと自分の夢の正しさを信じている。人々は、自分が夢の中で行なっていると他人に見られる行動に対して責任があると考えられるだけでなく、告発された人物は、自分が行なっていると相手が夢に見た行動に対してすすんで責任を引き受けるのだ。
( ) man ( ) in his dreams even ( ) than he ( )
in his own ( ). ( ) only ( ) people held responsible for
( ) others see them ( ) in their dreams, ( ) the accused man is ( ) to accept ( ) ( ) ( ) the other has dreamt he was ( ).
