Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2018 Oct 30:9:2577.
doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02577. eCollection 2018.

MALDI-TOF MS Applications to the Detection of Antifungal Resistance: State of the Art and Future Perspectives

Walter Florio  1 , Arianna Tavanti  2 , Emilia Ghelardi  1 , Antonella Lupetti  1
Affiliations

MALDI-TOF MS Applications to the Detection of Antifungal Resistance: State of the Art and Future Perspectives

Walter Florio et al. Front Microbiol. .

Abstract

MALDI-TOF MS technology has made possible revolutionary advances in the diagnosis of infectious diseases. Besides allowing rapid and reliable identification of bacteria and fungi, this technology has been recently applied to the detection of antimicrobial resistance. Several approaches have been proposed and evaluated for application of MALDI-TOF MS to antimicrobial susceptibility testing of bacteria, and some of these have been or might be applied also to yeasts. In this context, the comparison of proteomic profiles of bacteria/yeasts incubated with or without antimicrobial drugs is a very promising method. Another recently proposed MALDI-TOF MS-based approach for antifungal susceptibility testing is the application of the semi-quantitative MALDI Biotyper antibiotic susceptibility test rapid assay, which was originally designed for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of bacteria, to yeast isolates. Increasingly effective and accurate MS tools and instruments as well as the possibility to optimize analytical parameter settings for targeted applications have generated an expanding area in the field of clinical microbiology diagnostics, paving the way for the development and/or optimization of rapid methods for antifungal susceptibility testing in the near future. In the present study, the state of the art of MALDI-TOF MS applications to antifungal susceptibility testing is reviewed, and cutting-edge developments are discussed, with a particular focus on methods allowing rapid detection of drug resistance in pathogenic fungi causing systemic mycoses.

Keywords: MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry; antifungal susceptibility testing; antimicrobial resistance; blood culture; rapid AFST.

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Schematic representation of the routine and rapid methods for identification and antifungal susceptibility testing (AFST) of yeasts grown in monomicrobial blood cultures, and possible applications of newly described methods. MBT ASTRA, MALDI Biotyper antibiotic susceptibility test rapid assay.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Balashov S., Park S., Perlin D. S. (2006). Assessing resistance to the echinocandin antifungal drug caspofungin in Candida albicans by profiling mutations in FKS1. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 50 2058–2063. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Bao J. R., Master R. N., Azad K. N., Schwab D. A., Clark R. B., Jones R. S., et al. (2018). Rapid, accurate identification of Candida auris by using a novel matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) database (library). J. Clin. Microbiol. 56:e01700-17. 10.1128/JCM.01700-17 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Barchiesi F., Orsetti E., Gesuita R., Skrami E., Manso E. and The Candidemia Study Group (2016). Epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and outcome of candidemia in a tertiary referral center in Italy from 2010 to 2014. Infection 44 205–213. 10.1007/s15010-015-0845-z - DOI - PubMed
    1. Barchiesi F., Orsetti E., Mazzanti S., Trave F., Salvi A., Nitti C., et al. (2017). Candidemia in the elderly: what does it change? PLoS One 12:e0176576. 10.1371/journal.pone.0176576 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Barnini S., Ghelardi E., Brucculeri V., Morici P., Lupetti A. (2015). Rapid and reliable identification of Gram-negative bacteria and Gram-positive cocci by deposition of bacteria harvested from blood cultures onto the MALDI-TOF plate. BMC Microbiol. 15:124. 10.1186/s12866-015-0459-8 - DOI - PMC - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources