Chemical Senses
 2014
DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjt072
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Olfactory Disorders and Quality of Life--An Updated Review

Ilona Croy
1
,
Steven Nordin
2
,
Thomas Hummel3

Abstract: Olfactory disorders are common and affect about one-fifth of the general population. The main causes of olfactory loss are post viral upper respiratory infection, nasal/sinus disease, and head trauma and are therefore very frequent among patients in ear, nose, and throat clinics. We have systematically reviewed the impact of quantitative, qualitative, and congenital olfactory disorders on daily life domains as well as on general quality of life and depression. From the extensive body of literature, it can be c… Show more

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Cited by 884 publications

(909 citation statements)
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“…In contrast, no associations with other health indicators, including HRQoL, daily caloric intake, depressive symptoms, and frailty; or economic outcomes, that is, productivity loss and direct healthcare expenditure, were found. These results differ from several previously published studies showing a reduction in QoL ( 15 ); an increased risk of depression ( 14 ) and frailty ( 18 ); changes in caloric intake ( 16 , 17 ); and overall productivity loss ( 47 ), in individuals with OI. Several possible explanations could be put forward for the non-significant outcomes observed, including the use of a generic assessment tool like the EQ-5D, which may not have been sensitive enough to capture QoL challenges specific to OI ( 48 ).…”
Section: Discussioncontrasting
confidence: 99%
Exaggerated anticipatory anxiety is common in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Neuroimaging studies have revealed altered neural activity in response to social stimuli in SAD, but fewer studies have examined neural activity during anticipation of feared social stimuli in SAD. The current study examined the time course and magnitude of activity in threat processing brain regions during speech anticipation in socially anxious individuals and healthy controls (HC). Method Participants (SAD n = 58; HC n = 16) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which they completed a 90s control anticipation task and 90s speech anticipation task.
“…In contrast, no associations with other health indicators, including HRQoL, daily caloric intake, depressive symptoms, and frailty; or economic outcomes, that is, productivity loss and direct healthcare expenditure, were found. These results differ from several previously published studies showing a reduction in QoL ( 15 ); an increased risk of depression ( 14 ) and frailty ( 18 ); changes in caloric intake ( 16 , 17 ); and overall productivity loss ( 47 ), in individuals with OI. Several possible explanations could be put forward for the non-significant outcomes observed, including the use of a generic assessment tool like the EQ-5D, which may not have been sensitive enough to capture QoL challenges specific to OI ( 48 ).…”
Section: Discussioncontrasting
confidence: 99%
Exaggerated anticipatory anxiety is common in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Neuroimaging studies have revealed altered neural activity in response to social stimuli in SAD, but fewer studies have examined neural activity during anticipation of feared social stimuli in SAD. The current study examined the time course and magnitude of activity in threat processing brain regions during speech anticipation in socially anxious individuals and healthy controls (HC). Method Participants (SAD n = 58; HC n = 16) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which they completed a 90s control anticipation task and 90s speech anticipation task.
“…The usefulness of self-assessment as a surrogate measure for scaled olfactory test scores was further supported by the significant negative correlations of the assessments with the general quality of life score of the SNOT-20 questionnaire, which is a weighted sum of nine questions in which worse symptoms get a higher rating than items that cause no problem for the patient. This agrees with the general perception that olfaction contributes positively to quality of life, which has been supported by numerous studies [61][62][63][64][65][66].…”
Section: Key Resultssupporting
confidence: 92%
Exaggerated anticipatory anxiety is common in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Neuroimaging studies have revealed altered neural activity in response to social stimuli in SAD, but fewer studies have examined neural activity during anticipation of feared social stimuli in SAD. The current study examined the time course and magnitude of activity in threat processing brain regions during speech anticipation in socially anxious individuals and healthy controls (HC). Method Participants (SAD n = 58; HC n = 16) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which they completed a 90s control anticipation task and 90s speech anticipation task.
“…This suggests a bidirectional relationship between olfactory function and depression and anxiety, with the absence of feedback, as indicated by a decrease in structural connectivity, potentially perpetuating a vicious cycle. Our results are in line with considerable work in the past suggesting a causal relationship between olfaction, anxiety, and depression 38 , 39 .…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 92%
Exaggerated anticipatory anxiety is common in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Neuroimaging studies have revealed altered neural activity in response to social stimuli in SAD, but fewer studies have examined neural activity during anticipation of feared social stimuli in SAD. The current study examined the time course and magnitude of activity in threat processing brain regions during speech anticipation in socially anxious individuals and healthy controls (HC). Method Participants (SAD n = 58; HC n = 16) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which they completed a 90s control anticipation task and 90s speech anticipation task.
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