Comprehensive Physiology 2014
DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c130040
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Classical Renin‐Angiotensin System in Kidney Physiology

Matthew A. Sparks
1
,
Steven D. Crowley
2
,
Susan B. Gurley
3
et al.

Abstract: The renin-angiotensin system has powerful effects in control of the blood pressure and sodium homeostasis. These actions are coordinated through integrated actions in the kidney, cardio-vascular system and the central nervous system. Along with its impact on blood pressure, the renin-angiotensin system also influences a range of processes from inflammation and immune responses to longevity. Here, we review the actions of the “classical” renin-angiotensin system, whereby the substrate protein angiotensinogen is… Show more

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Cited by 540 publications

(503 citation statements)
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“…These findings are in good agreement with our recent results showing that in HanSD rats and in TGR, intrarenal ANG II concentrations are markedly elevated after DOX treatment [35]. This supports the notion that in the kidney of chemotherapy-induced HFrEF animals, the vasoconstrictor axis of the RAAS is markedly activated, both at the renin and ACE levels [45,46]. The evidence on inappropriate activation of the main (vasoconstrictor) RAAS axis is supported by the decreased expression of AT 1 receptor gene: consistent with the physiological negative feedback effect of elevated ANG II levels on AT 1 receptor expression [45,46].…”
Section: Raas Systemsupporting
confidence: 92%
“…This supports the notion that in the kidney of chemotherapy-induced HFrEF animals, the vasoconstrictor axis of the RAAS is markedly activated, both at the renin and ACE levels [45,46]. The evidence on inappropriate activation of the main (vasoconstrictor) RAAS axis is supported by the decreased expression of AT 1 receptor gene: consistent with the physiological negative feedback effect of elevated ANG II levels on AT 1 receptor expression [45,46]. On the other hand, DOX treatment did not change the kidney gene expression of ACE2, the gene coding critically important enzyme of the vasodilatory axis of the RAAS [47], both in HanSD rats and TGR.…”
Section: Raas Systemsupporting
confidence: 85%
See 1 more Smart Citation
Exaggerated anticipatory anxiety is common in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Neuroimaging studies have revealed altered neural activity in response to social stimuli in SAD, but fewer studies have examined neural activity during anticipation of feared social stimuli in SAD. The current study examined the time course and magnitude of activity in threat processing brain regions during speech anticipation in socially anxious individuals and healthy controls (HC). Method Participants (SAD n = 58; HC n = 16) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which they completed a 90s control anticipation task and 90s speech anticipation task.
“…These findings are in good agreement with our recent results showing that in HanSD rats and in TGR, intrarenal ANG II concentrations are markedly elevated after DOX treatment [35]. This supports the notion that in the kidney of chemotherapy-induced HFrEF animals, the vasoconstrictor axis of the RAAS is markedly activated, both at the renin and ACE levels [45,46]. The evidence on inappropriate activation of the main (vasoconstrictor) RAAS axis is supported by the decreased expression of AT 1 receptor gene: consistent with the physiological negative feedback effect of elevated ANG II levels on AT 1 receptor expression [45,46].…”
Section: Raas Systemsupporting
confidence: 92%
“…This supports the notion that in the kidney of chemotherapy-induced HFrEF animals, the vasoconstrictor axis of the RAAS is markedly activated, both at the renin and ACE levels [45,46]. The evidence on inappropriate activation of the main (vasoconstrictor) RAAS axis is supported by the decreased expression of AT 1 receptor gene: consistent with the physiological negative feedback effect of elevated ANG II levels on AT 1 receptor expression [45,46]. On the other hand, DOX treatment did not change the kidney gene expression of ACE2, the gene coding critically important enzyme of the vasodilatory axis of the RAAS [47], both in HanSD rats and TGR.…”
Section: Raas Systemsupporting
confidence: 85%
Exaggerated anticipatory anxiety is common in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Neuroimaging studies have revealed altered neural activity in response to social stimuli in SAD, but fewer studies have examined neural activity during anticipation of feared social stimuli in SAD. The current study examined the time course and magnitude of activity in threat processing brain regions during speech anticipation in socially anxious individuals and healthy controls (HC). Method Participants (SAD n = 58; HC n = 16) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which they completed a 90s control anticipation task and 90s speech anticipation task.
“…No less relevant is the importance of the (pro)renin-(pro)renin receptor information systems in the control of gene expression, regardless of the state of RAS activity ( 52 , 53 ). The results of other studies confirm the thesis that the (pro)renin-(pro)renin receptor system has an important function in cancer pathogenesis and progression ( 54 , 69 , 70 , 72 , 73 ).…”
Section: Diagnostic Value Of Ras Protein Components In Oncologysupporting
confidence: 79%
Exaggerated anticipatory anxiety is common in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Neuroimaging studies have revealed altered neural activity in response to social stimuli in SAD, but fewer studies have examined neural activity during anticipation of feared social stimuli in SAD. The current study examined the time course and magnitude of activity in threat processing brain regions during speech anticipation in socially anxious individuals and healthy controls (HC). Method Participants (SAD n = 58; HC n = 16) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which they completed a 90s control anticipation task and 90s speech anticipation task.
“…Statistically significant changes are depicted by the p values. system in the kidney has the potential to increase sodium uptake (49). Consistent with this possibility, increased AGT mRNA expression was evident in kidneys of B-129/Sv-4A11 ϩ/ϩ mice compared with wild-type mice.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 67%
Exaggerated anticipatory anxiety is common in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Neuroimaging studies have revealed altered neural activity in response to social stimuli in SAD, but fewer studies have examined neural activity during anticipation of feared social stimuli in SAD. The current study examined the time course and magnitude of activity in threat processing brain regions during speech anticipation in socially anxious individuals and healthy controls (HC). Method Participants (SAD n = 58; HC n = 16) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which they completed a 90s control anticipation task and 90s speech anticipation task.
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