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About the Cambridge Group

About the Cambridge Group

The Cambridge Group for the History of Population & Social Structure turns 60 this year. Since its founding in 1964, members of the Group have made a spectacular series of discipline-transforming contributions to social science history. These include: reconstructing the population history of England over the last 500 years; delineating occupational change in the English economy over the same period; and reconfiguring our understanding of historical household structures, welfare systems, transport, and energy use.

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The occupational structure of Britain 1379-1911

The occupational structure of Britain 1379-1911

This research program directed by Leigh Shaw-Taylor and Amy Erickson aims ultimately to reconstruct the evolution of the occupational structure of Britain from the late medieval period down to the early twentieth century.

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Population

Population

Our research seeks to understand the demographic pressures and choices people in past societies experienced, from the medieval period to the recent past. We focus primarily on the population history of the world's first industrial nation, Britain, understood within the context of European and global developments.

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Economy

Economy

Radical changes in the form and location of economic activity, income and wealth have occurred in Britain and Europe in various phases from Medieval times up to the present. These affected personal economic opportunity, the occupational choices of the population, their welfare, mobility, skills, consumption and demographic structures. These in turn influenced the development of business growth and innovation, and the economies of localities, regions and nations.

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Society

Society

Welfare systems both past and present rely upon a combination of support supplied by kin and charity, either legally enforced or voluntary. This research theme is concerned with exploring the demographic, legal and economic underpinnings of past welfare regimes in order to throw light on the different strategies which societies have adopted to support their most vulnerable members. More broadly, this research theme encompasses the economic and social implications of demographic change.

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New mortality and migration data in PopulationsPast.org

13th March, 2026

 

PopulationsPast.org now has cause- and age-specific mortality rates, and age- and sex-specific net migration rates! This extension of PopulationsPast.org - an online interactive atlas of Victorian and Edwardian population produced by Campop at the Department of Geography - adds new dimensions to the existing demographic and socio-economic data.

The new data allows detailed exploration of the geography of mortality and movement in late 19th and early 20th century England, Wales, and Scotland.

Call for Papers: conference on historical and modern sanitary programmes

24th February, 2026

 

Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WaSH) interventions – the long view. Cambridge, 15-16 June 2026.

This conference invites papers that address WaSH interventions in comparative and/or historical contexts, using epidemiological, genomic, evolutionary, historical and other approaches.

Workshop announcement: An informal introduction to formal demography

16th December, 2025

 

Applications are invited for a forthcoming workshop (23-27 March 2026) sponsored by The Cambridge Group for the History of Population and Social Structure (Campop) and the British Society for Population Studies (BSPS). This week-long mini-course will take place at Cambridge University, and will focus on formal demographic models and methods. Application deadline: 19 January 2026.

Census Summer School

26th November, 2025

 

Applications are open for a two-week Summer School on 'Micro-Census Insights into Historical Households, Mortality and Fertility', to be held at University of Cambridge from 6-17 July 2026. The course is hosted by Campop and co-organised with the European Society of Historical Demography (ESHD) and COST-Action GREATLEAP. Application deadline: 2 February 2026.

Cambridge historian Emily Chung finds Friedrich Engels ‘took creative liberties’ with descriptions of class divides in Manchester

21st October, 2025

 

Campop PhD student Emily Chung has her research spotlighted in The Guardian. By mapping digitised census data, Emily has shown that Engels' blistering depictions of segregation in industrial Manchester - often taken by historians at face value - may in fact have been exaggerated. Emily's research is also featured in a Campop blog post.

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  • 16th October 2006:
    Household and plague in early modern Italy. Details…
  • 30th October 2006:
    Widows, wills and economic assets in pre-industrial Britain. Details…
  • 13th November 2006:
    Cities, markets and the sea: Explaining the ups and downs of height in early nineteenth century England and Wales. Details…
  • 27th November 2006:
    Gender inequality and change in stature in India during the Twentieth Century. Details…
  • 7th February 2011:
    Contemporary perceptions of international migrants in England and the Dutch Republic during the 17th and 18th centuries. Details…
  • 21st February 2011:
    English Living Standards and Mortality since the Middle Ages. Details…
  • 7th March 2011:
    Does Gibrat’s Law hold for all times and all places? A study of the growth of British cities prior to 1913. Details…
  • 16th May 2011:
    Illusions of exactness: counting Scotland's population before 1801. Details…
  • 17th October 2011:
    "Go --West-- North-East Young Man!" Male & Female Migration in 1881. Details…
  • 7th November 2011:
    Women and Children First: A Brief Look at Working Class Women and Children Commuters in London in the 1890s and 1900s. Details…
  • 28th November 2011:
    The Revolt in Rural Cambridgeshire in 1381. Details…
  • 30th January 2012:
    The prevalence of venereal diseases in 1913. Who was right? Christabel Pankhurst or the Royal Commission?. Details…
  • 6th February 2012:
    Studying the Stayers: occupation, kin links and stability. Details…
  • 13th February 2012:
    ‘Industrialisation and the Changing Mortality Environment in an English Community, c. 1600-1684’. Details…
  • 27th February 2012:
    Schools of Industry and Habits of Industriousness: Making childhood pay in the early Nineteenth Century. Details…
  • More seminars…