Print all possible K-length subsequences of first N natural numbers with sum N

Given two positive integers N and K, the task is to print all possible K-length subsequences from first N natural numbers whose sum of elements is equal to N.

Examples:

Input: N = 5, K = 3
Output: { {1, 1, 3}, {1, 2, 2}, {1, 3, 1}, {2, 1, 2}, {2, 2, 1}, {3, 1, 1} }
Explanation:
1 + 1 + 3 = N(= 5) and length is K(= 3)
1 + 2 + 2 = N(= 5) and length is K(= 3)
1 + 3 + 1 = N(= 5) and length is K(= 3)
2 + 1 + 2 = N(= 5) and length is K(= 3)
2 + 2 + 1 = N(= 5) and length is K(= 3)
3 + 1 + 1 = N(= 5) and length is K(= 3)

Input: N = 3, K = 3
Output: { {1, 1, 1} }

Approach: The problem can be solved using backtracking technique. Below is the recurrence relation:

findSub(sum, K) = \sum_{i = 1}^{N}findSub(sum - i, K - 1)

Follow the steps below to solve the problem:

Initialize a 2D array say, res[][] to store all possible subsequences of length K whose sum is equal to N.
Use the above recurrence relation and find all possible subsequences of length K whose sum is equal to N.
Finally, print the res[][] array.

Below is the implementation of the above approach:

C++

// C++ program to implement
// the above approach

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

// Function to print all subsequences of length
// K from N natural numbers whose sum equal to N
void findSub(vector<vector<int> >& res, int sum,
             int K, int N, vector<int>& temp)
{

    // Base case
    if (K == 0 && sum == 0) {
        res.push_back(temp);
        return;
    }
    if (sum <= 0 || K <= 0) {
        return;
    }

    // Iterate over the range [1, N]
    for (int i = 1; i <= N; i++) {

        // Insert i into temp
        temp.push_back(i);
        findSub(res, sum - i, K - 1, N, temp);

        // Pop i from temp
        temp.pop_back();
    }
}

// Utility function to print all subsequences
// of length K with sum equal to N
void UtilPrintSubsequncesOfKSumN(int N, int K)
{

    // Store all subsequences of length K
    // from N natural numbers
    vector<vector<int> > res;

    // Store current subsequence of
    // length K from N natural numbers
    vector<int> temp;

    findSub(res, N, K, N, temp);

    // Stores total count
    // of subsequences
    int sz = res.size();

    // Print all subsequences
    cout << "{ ";

    // Traverse all subsequences
    for (int i = 0; i < sz; i++) {

        cout << "{ ";

        // Print current subsequence
        for (int j = 0; j < K; j++) {

            // If current element is last
            // element of subsequence
            if (j == K - 1)
                cout << res[i][j] << " ";
            else
                cout << res[i][j] << ", ";
        }

        // If current subsequence is last
        // subsequence from n natural numbers
        if (i == sz - 1)
            cout << "}";
        else
            cout << "}, ";
    }
    cout << " }";
}

// Driver Code
int main()
{

    int N = 4;
    int K = 2;
    UtilPrintSubsequncesOfKSumN(N, K);
}

Java

// Java program to implement
// the above approach
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;

class GFG {

  // Function to print all subsequences of length
  // K from N natural numbers whose sum equal to N
  static void findSub(List<List<Integer> > res, int sum,
                      int K, int N, List<Integer> temp)
  {

    // Base case
    if (K == 0 && sum == 0) {
      List<Integer> newList = temp.stream().collect(
        Collectors.toList());
      res.add(newList);
      return;
    }
    if (sum <= 0 || K <= 0) {
      return;
    }

    // Iterate over the range [1, N]
    for (int i = 1; i <= N; i++) {

      // Insert i into temp
      temp.add(i);
      findSub(res, sum - i, K - 1, N, temp);

      // Pop i from temp
      temp.remove(temp.size() - 1);
    }
  }

  // Utility function to print all subsequences
  // of length K with sum equal to N
  static void UtilPrintSubsequncesOfKSumN(int N, int K)
  {

    // Store all subsequences of length K
    // from N natural numbers
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    List<List<Integer> > res = new ArrayList();

    // Store current subsequence of
    // length K from N natural numbers
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    List<Integer> temp = new ArrayList();

    findSub(res, N, K, N, temp);

    // Stores total count
    // of subsequences
    int sz = res.size();

    // Print all subsequences
    System.out.print("{ ");

    // Traverse all subsequences
    for (int i = 0; i < sz; i++) {

      System.out.print("{ ");

      // Print current subsequence
      for (int j = 0; j < K; j++) {

        // If current element is last
        // element of subsequence
        if (j == K - 1)
          System.out.print(res.get(i).get(j)
                           + " ");
        else
          System.out.print(res.get(i).get(j)
                           + ", ");
      }

      // If current subsequence is last
      // subsequence from n natural numbers
      if (i == sz - 1)
        System.out.print("}");
      else
        System.out.print("}, ");
    }
    System.out.print(" }");
  }

  // Driver code
  public static void main(String[] args)
  {
    int N = 4;
    int K = 2;
    UtilPrintSubsequncesOfKSumN(N, K);
  }
}

// This code is contributed by jithin.

Python3

# Python program to implement
# the above approach


# Function to print all subsequences of length
# K from N natural numbers whose sum equal to N
def findSub(res,sum,K,N,temp):

    # Base case
    if (K == 0 and sum == 0):
        res.append(temp[:])
        return

    if (sum <= 0 or K <= 0):
        return

    # Iterate over the range [1, N]
    for i in range(1,N):

        # Insert i into temp
        temp.append(i)
        findSub(res, sum - i, K - 1, N, temp)

        # Pop i from temp
        temp.pop()

# Utility function to print all subsequences
# of length K with sum equal to N
def UtilPrintSubsequncesOfKSumN(N, K):

    # Store all subsequences of length K
    # from N natural numbers
    res = []

    # Store current subsequence of
    # length K from N natural numbers
    temp = []

    findSub(res, N, K, N, temp)
    
    # # Stores total count
    # # of subsequences
    sz = len(res)

    # Print all subsequences
    print("{",end=" ")

    # Traverse all subsequences
    for i in range(sz):

        print("{",end=" ")

        # Print current subsequence
        for j in range(K):

            # If current element is last
            # element of subsequence
            if (j == K - 1):
                print(res[i][j],end=" ")
            else:
                print(res[i][j],end = ", ")

        # If current subsequence is last
        # subsequence from n natural numbers
        if (i == sz - 1):
            print("}",end="")
        else:
            print("},",end =" ")
    print(" }")

# Driver Code
N = 4
K = 2
UtilPrintSubsequncesOfKSumN(N, K)

# This code is contributed by shinjanpatra

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;

namespace GFG {
  class Program {
    // Function to print all subsequences of length
    // K from N natural numbers whose sum equal to N
    static void FindSub(List<List<int> > res, int sum,
                        int K, int N, List<int> temp)
    {
      // Base case
      if (K == 0 && sum == 0) {
        List<int> newList = temp.ToList();
        res.Add(newList);
        return;
      }
      if (sum <= 0 || K <= 0) {
        return;
      }

      // Iterate over the range [1, N]
      for (int i = 1; i <= N; i++) {
        // Insert i into temp
        temp.Add(i);
        FindSub(res, sum - i, K - 1, N, temp);

        // Pop i from temp
        temp.RemoveAt(temp.Count - 1);
      }
    }

    // Utility function to print all subsequences
    // of length K with sum equal to N
    static void UtilPrintSubsequncesOfKSumN(int N, int K)
    {
      // Store all subsequences of length K
      // from N natural numbers
      var res = new List<List<int> >();

      // Store current subsequence of
      // length K from N natural numbers
      var temp = new List<int>();

      FindSub(res, N, K, N, temp);

      // Stores total count
      // of subsequences
      int sz = res.Count;

      // Print all subsequences
      Console.Write("{ ");

      // Traverse all subsequences
      for (int i = 0; i < sz; i++) {
        Console.Write("{ ");

        // Print current subsequence
        for (int j = 0; j < K; j++) {
          // If current element is last
          // element of subsequence
          if (j == K - 1)
            Console.Write(res[i][j] + " ");
          else
            Console.Write(res[i][j] + ", ");
        }

        // If current subsequence is last
        // subsequence from n natural numbers
        if (i == sz - 1)
          Console.Write("}");
        else
          Console.Write("}, ");
      }
      Console.WriteLine(" }");
    }

    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
      int N = 4;
      int K = 2;
      UtilPrintSubsequncesOfKSumN(N, K);
    }
  }

}

// This code is contributed by phasing17.

JavaScript

// Python program to implement
// the above approach


// Function to print all subsequences of length
// K from N natural numbers whose sum equal to N
function findSub(res,sum,K,N,temp)
{
    // Base case
    if (K == 0 && sum == 0)
    {
        res.push([...temp])
        return
    }
    
    if (sum <= 0||K <= 0)
        return

    // Iterate over the range [1, N]
    for (var i = 1; i < N; i++)
    {
        // Insert i into temp
        temp.push(i)
        findSub(res, sum - i, K - 1, N, temp)

        // Pop i from temp
        temp.pop()
    }
}
// Utility function to print all subsequences
// of length K with sum equal to N
function UtilPrintSubsequncesOfKSumN(N, K)
{
    // Store all subsequences of length K
    // from N natural numbers
    let res = []

    // Store current subsequence of
    // length K from N natural numbers
    let temp = []

    findSub(res, N, K, N, temp)
    
    // // Stores total count
    // // of subsequences
    let sz = res.length
    

    // Print all subsequences
    process.stdout.write("{"+" ")

    // Traverse all subsequences
    for (var i = 0; i < sz; i++)
    {
        process.stdout.write("{"+" ")

        // Print current subsequence
        for (var j = 0; j < K; j++)
        {
            // If current element is last
            // element of subsequence
            if (j == K - 1)
                process.stdout.write(res[i][j]+" ")
            else
                process.stdout.write(res[i][j] + ", ")
        }

        // If current subsequence is last
        // subsequence from n natural numbers
        if (i == sz - 1)
            process.stdout.write("}"+"")
        else
            process.stdout.write("}," + " ")
    }
    process.stdout.write(" }")
}

// Driver Code
let N = 4
let K = 2
UtilPrintSubsequncesOfKSumN(N, K)

// This code is contributed by phasing17

Output:

{ { 1, 3 }, { 2, 2 }, { 3, 1 } }

Time Complexity: O(2^N)
Auxiliary Space: O(X), where X denotes the count of subsequences of length K whose sum is N

Print all possible K-length subsequences of first N natural numbers with sum N

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