re.search() method searches a string for a specified pattern and returns the first matching result. Unlike methods that check only the beginning of a string, it scans the entire string to locate a match. It is provided by Python's re module, which supports working with regular expressions.
import re
s = "Hello, welcome to the world of Python."
# pattern
pat = "welcome"
# search pattern
res = re.search(pat, s)
if res:
print("Yes")
else:
print("No")
Output
Yes
Explanation: This code searches the entire string to find if the pattern "welcome" exists. If a match is found, it confirms the presence by printing "Yes" otherwise, it prints "No".
Syntax of re.search()
re.search(pattern, string, flags=0)
Parameters:
- pattern: A regex pattern to search for; can be simple text or a complex expression.
- string: The target string where the pattern is searched.
- flags (optional): Modifiers that change matching behavior (e.g., case-insensitive); default is 0.
Returns:
- Match object: Returned if a match is found; provides methods like .group() and .start().
- None: Returned if no match is found.
Examples of re.search()
Example 1: In this example, we search for the first number that appears in a given string using a regular expression. It support special characters like \d for digits, \w for word characters and more, allowing us to search for complex patterns efficiently.
import re
s = "I have 2 apples and 10 oranges."
pat = r"\d+" # match digits
res = re.search(pat, s) # search pattern
if res:
print(res.group())
else:
print("No")
Output
2
Explanation: This code searches for the first occurrence of one or more digits in the string. The pattern \d+ matches one or more digits and re.search() returns the first match it finds.
Example 2: In this example, we search for a phone number in a string using a regular expression pattern. A match object returned by the search provides useful methods like group() to get the matched text and start() to find the starting index of the match in the original string.
import re
s = "My phone number is 123-456-7890."
# match phone number format
pat = r"\d{3}-\d{3}-\d{4}"
# search pattern
res = re.search(pat, s)
if res:
# matched number
print(res.group())
# match start index
print(res.start())
else:
print("No")
Output
123-456-7890 19
Explanation: This pattern matches a phone number in the format 123-456-7890. The group() method returns the matched string and start() gives the index at which the match begins.
Example 3: In this example, we want to check whether the given string begins with a capital letter (A–Z). We're using the re.search() function along with a regular expression pattern that looks for a capital letter at the beginning of the string.
import re
s = "Python is great"
# match capital letter at start
pat = r"^[A-Z]"
# search pattern
res = re.search(pat, s)
if res:
print(res.group())
else:
print("No")
Output
P
Explanation: This pattern ^[A-Z] checks if the string starts with an uppercase letter. If it does, group() returns that letter otherwise, "No" is printed.
