scales: Scale Functions for Visualization

Graphical scales map data to aesthetics, and provide methods for automatically determining breaks and labels for axes and legends.

Version: 1.4.0
Depends: R (≥ 4.1)
Imports: cli, farver (≥ 2.0.3), glue, labeling, lifecycle, R6, RColorBrewer, rlang (≥ 1.1.0), viridisLite
Suggests: bit64, covr, dichromat, ggplot2, hms (≥ 0.5.0), stringi, testthat (≥ 3.0.0)
Published: 2025-04-24
DOI: 10.32614/CRAN.package.scales
Author: Hadley Wickham [aut], Thomas Lin Pedersen ORCID iD [cre, aut], Dana Seidel [aut], Posit Software, PBC ROR ID [cph, fnd]
Maintainer: Thomas Lin Pedersen <thomas.pedersen at posit.co>
BugReports: https://github.com/r-lib/scales/issues
License: MIT + file LICENSE
URL: https://scales.r-lib.org, https://github.com/r-lib/scales
NeedsCompilation: no
Materials: README, NEWS
CRAN checks: scales results

Documentation:

Reference manual: scales.html , scales.pdf

Downloads:

Package source: scales_1.4.0.tar.gz
Windows binaries: r-devel: scales_1.4.0.zip, r-release: scales_1.4.0.zip, r-oldrel: scales_1.4.0.zip
macOS binaries: r-release (arm64): scales_1.4.0.tgz, r-oldrel (arm64): scales_1.4.0.tgz, r-release (x86_64): scales_1.4.0.tgz, r-oldrel (x86_64): scales_1.4.0.tgz
Old sources: scales archive

Reverse dependencies:

Reverse depends: bios2mds, ClassificationEnsembles, dials, dslice, EpiCurve, ForecastingEnsembles, ggformula, JNplots, LogisticEnsembles, NumericEnsembles, pasadr, PERMANOVA, promotionImpact, RolWinMulCor, SANple, SANvi, smlmkalman, STPGA, TriMatch, WebAnalytics, weightr
Reverse imports: AccelStab, AcceptReject, actel, actiRhythm, actuary, actxps, adas.utils, adestr, adobeanalyticsr, adproclus, aedseo, AeRobiology, afcharts, afmToolkit, agregR, airship, alakazam, AlgeriAPIs, allMT, ambre, AMPLE, aNCA, animint2, ankiR, ANOPA, AntClassify, AntibodyForests, aoristic, apa7, APCtools, apyramid, ArgentinAPI, aRtsy, ASML, ATQ, AudioScatter, auditor, autoFlagR, AutoPlots, autoReg, autotestR, backtestGraphics, BallMapper, BAMBI, bartMan, basedosdados, BasicStatsPlots, BatchGetSymbols, bayesammi, BayesianReasoning, bayesiansurpriser, bayesianVARs, BayesMortalityPlus, BayesPower, bayesROE, baystability, BCEA, Bchron, bdrc, bdscale, bea.R, beezdemand, bennu, Bernadette, betaclust, bfw, BIGL, billboarder, binGroup2, biometryassist, biomod2, biopalette, bioSNR, birddog, BiVariAn, blends, BoundaryStats, braidReports, BrazilDataAPI, BRCore, brfinance, bridgesampling, bridgr, brinton, bsynth, BTSPAS, BTWAR, burakDiagrams, BuyseTest, callsync, campfin, car, CarletonStats, cataScience, catool, causalnet, CDSimX, cellGeometry, celliverse, cellWise, censuspyrID, Certara.DarwinReporter, Certara.ModelResults, Certara.VPCResults, Certara.Xpose.NLME, CFO, chestR, childsds, ChileDataAPI, chillR, ChinAPIs, chopper, chronicle, cifmodeling, CimpleG, citationchaser, CiteSource, classmap, climatehealth, clintools, ClussCluster, ClusTCR2, ClusterVAR, CMapViz, ColombiAPI, colordistance, colorist, colors3d, ComplexUpset, complmrob, condformat, condvis2, ConFluxPro, confMeta, conformalInference.fd, conserveR, corncob, corporaexplorer, cosinor2, countryscales, covid19india, cowplot, cpr, crane, crimeutils, criticality, CRMetrics, crosshap, csa, CSHShydRology, csmpv, csranks, CSTools, currr, cWise, cyclomort, dabestr, daiquiri, DAISIEprep, DamageDetective, dampack, daoh, datacult, DataExplorer, datana, dataprep, dataquieR, DATAstudio, dceasimR, dcurves, Deducer, deepSTRAPP, deeptime, deltaccd, deltapif, DemographicTable, demor, dendroTools, depictr, DEploid, DEploid.utils, DEplotting, depower, DESA, DescribeDisplay, descriptr, designit, DFD, di, diagFDR, DiagrammeR, diegr, diffwrap, DImodelsVis, DisasterAlert, discovr, dispRity, DistPlotter, DIVINE, dlstats, DonutMap, door, dotsViolin, dPCP, drc, droughtevents, dsos, dtrackr, DUToolkit, dynaSpec, eam, easy.utils, easysurv, ebirdst, echarts4r, ecoXCorr, edar, EDCimport, eDNAjoint, EFA.MRFA, effectplots, eHDPrep, EHRtemporalVariability, EIX, elfgen, emburden, EMMIXgene, enmSdmX, epe4md, epiCo, epicR, EpiEstim, epikit, EpiNova, EpiNow2, epitabulate, epiviz, epoxy, eq5dsuite, ER, erplots, eSIR, esquisse, esviz, eudract, evalHTE, evalITR, eventreport, EWSmethods, exceldata, excessmort, exeval, exmort, ExPanDaR, experiences, expertsurv, explainer, expowo, extraSuperpower, ez, ezcox, fabletools, facetsviz, FactoMineR, fairadapt, fairmodels, FAMetA, Familia, fasstr, FAST.R, fastqcr, fChange, fda.vi, fect, fedmatch, ferrn, FESta, ffp, FFTrees, fic, finalfit, FinanceGraphs, findGSEP, findn, findviews, fingerPro, FishDiveR, fishualize, fitbitViz, fixes, fjohansen, flexdashboard, flexoki, flowmapper, fonctionr, foqat, forestmangr, foresty, formr, FORTLS, FRK, fSRM, fst4pg, funbiogeo, funGp, funModeling, funMoDisco, FunnelPlotR, fusionchartsR, G2Sd, gammaFuncModel, gaQSAR, gazepath, gcmrec, gedi2, gemR, geneticae, GeomArchetypal, geomerge, geomtextpath, ggadjustedforest, ggalign, ggallin, GGally, gganimate, ggarrow, ggauto, ggbiplot, ggblanket, ggborderline, ggChernoff, ggcircular, ggcorrheatmap, ggcube, ggdensity, ggdiagram, ggdibbler, ggdiceplot, ggdist, GGEBiplots, ggEDA, ggetho, ggExtra, ggfacto, ggfields, ggFishPlots, ggfixest, ggforce, ggfortify, ggfun, gggda, gggibbous, ggh4x, gghexsize, gghighlight, ggicons, ggimage, ggincerta, ggiraphExtra, ggkodom, gglinedensity, ggmap, ggmeta, ggmice, ggmosaic2, ggmultiglyph, ggnormalviolin, GGoutlieR, ggpattern, ggpedigree, ggplate, ggplot.multistats, ggplot2, ggplotAssist, ggplotplus, ggpmisc, ggPMX, ggpointless, ggpp, ggprism, ggpsychro, ggpubr, ggQQunif, ggquickeda, ggrank, ggraph, ggrcs, ggrecipes, ggredist, ggrefine, ggrepel, ggridges, ggsankeyfier, ggsci, ggscribe, ggseg3d, ggshadow, ggside, ggsketch, ggspatial, ggspectra, ggstar, ggstats, ggsurveillance, ggtern, ggtext, ggthemes, ggtime, ggtintshade, ggupset, ggvariant, ggvenn, ggvfields, ggwordcloud, GHRmodel, GimmeMyPlot, GLMMcosinor, gluvarpro, glydraw, googleway, GPTCM, grandR, grasps, gratia, greatR, greenR, Greymodels, griddy, GRNNs, GSEMA, gt, GTAPViz, gtExtras, gtregression, guideR, gwaRs, haldensify, halfmoon, hdar, HDStIM, healthfinance, healthyR, heapsofpapers, heatmaply, hemispheR, hespdiv, heterogen, heteroTests, HetSeq, HHBayes, hierarchicalSets, HiGarrote, highdir, hillshader, hlmLab, hoboR, hockeystick, hrbrthemes, HVT, hydrochem, hydroroute, HYPEtools, ibawds, IBLM, ICSClust, idealstan, idefix, idiffomix, iDINGO, idiogramFISH, idopNetwork, iglu, iheatmapr, ILRCM, immunarch, imt, IncDTW, IndiAPIs, IndonesiAPIs, inedemogR, ingredients, injurytools, inlamemi, inlcolor, insectecol, insurancerating, interpretCI, inTextSummaryTable, intradayModel, invacost, invitroTKstats, invivoPKfit, ip2location, ip2proxy, ipeaplot, iprior, isoorbi, isoreader2, iwaqr, jackstrap, JANE, JapanAPIs, jcolors, joinpointR, JPSurv, jsmodule, JWileymisc, kableExtra, Karen, kayadata, kitesquare, KLINK, knfi, kollaR, l1rotation, lablaster, labNorm, lconnect, LCPA, ldhmm, leaflet, legendry, lemon, lfstat, LifeInsureR, LightLogR, lilikoi, LipidMS, LipidomicsR, longitudinalcascade, longreadvqs, loon.ggplot, LorMe, lpanda, LSTS, MAnorm2, mantis, manureshed, MAPCtools, mapedit, mapview, marcher, MarketMatching, MaxMC, MaxWiK, MBNMAdose, MBNMAtime, mbRes, MCOE, MDPIexploreR, measureR, meta, metabolic, metadeconfoundR, metaplot, metaselection, metaviz, metools, metR, MexicoDataAPI, MicrobTiSDA, microeco, miic, mixtools, MKdescr, MKmisc, mlbplotR, mlr3viz, mlstats, MLwrap, mod2rm, ModalForecast, modeltime, moderate.mediation, moodleR, MorphoRegions, MortalityTables, motifr, mousetrap, movedesign, movementsync, mplot, mschart, mSigPlot, mtb, mulea, MultBiplotR, multibreakeR, multilevelTools, multipleITScontrol, multiRL, MultiSEp, MultiTraits, multivar, MuTATE, mwana, NACHO, NBvarsel, ncappc, nestedLogit, Nestimate, NetworkExtinction, networkscaleup, NeuralNetTools, NeuralSens, NeuroDecodeR, neutralitytestr, nflplotR, ngramr, nhanesdata, nhscancerwaits, NHSRplotthedots, NiLeDAM, nima, NIMAA, NMAforest, nocturn, NonParRolCor, normalblockr, normaliseR, NOVA, nowcastr, npde, numbat, obliqueRSF, ogrdbstats, oHMMed, ONAM, openair, OpenRepGrid, OpenRepGrid.ic, oRaklE, Orangutan, ordbetareg, ordPanel, ordr, oreo, OSLdecomposition, pacheck, pacta.loanbook, pacta.multi.loanbook, palettes, PAMmisc, PAMscapes, pannotator, PathwaySpace, patientProfilesVis, patterncausality, pcreg, pctax, pcutils, pcvr, pedbp, peppwR, PeruAPIs, petersenlab, PFIM, phdcocktail, pheatmap, phsmethods, phylepic, PhysMove, piecenorms, PieGlyph, pimeta, pioneeR, pivmet, pixiedust, PKbioanalysis, pkgdepR, pkpd.Release, plotbb, plotdap, PlotFTIR, plotlsirm, plotluck, plotly, plotor, plotthis, PLUCR, plutor, pmev, pmxTools, pointblank, polarisR, PopComm, popstudy, postcard, poweRbal, powerbrmsINLA, PowRPriori, ppcSpatial, pprof, PRECAST, pRecipe, predictNMB, prefviz, pressuRe, prim, primerTree, PRISMA2020, processmapR, prodlim, projectLSA, projoint, projpred, prophet, proximetricsR, psvr, psycho, PsyMetricTools, puff, pvaluefunctions, pvars, PvSTATEM, qbinplots, qbrms, qdap, qicharts, qicharts2, QRAGadget, qshap, QsRutils, quadmesh, quadrupen, quantilogram, QurvE, r2dii.plot, r2spss, R4GoodPersonalFinances, r6qualitytools, RADanalysis, radiant.basics, radiant.data, radiant.model, radiant.multivariate, randomcoloR, rankinPlot, raptr, rassta, RastaRocket, RavenR, rayshader, Rbearcat, Rcan, rcartocolor, RCaucTile, rcicr, RcmdrPlugin.KMggplot2, RcmdrPlugin.RiskDemo, RCPA, RDS, reaborn, refitME, refuginator, regrrr, relsurv, remote, rENA, RepeatedHighDim, ReporterScore, reportRmd, RestoreNet, restriktor, RevGadgets, reviser, rfm, rfPermute, RGraphSpace, RIdeogram, riskdiff, rliger, RMixtComp, RMixtCompUtilities, rms, RNAmf, Rnest, RNewsflow, rnmamod, Rnmr1D, roahd, RoBMA, RobMixReg, RoBSA, RobustFlow, RobustMediate, RobustVis, robvis, rPackedBar, rphylopic, rrda, RRgeo, RSDA, rsdv, rsimsum, RSP, RSSL, Rtrack, RTSA, RtsEva, ruv, rwicc, sae4health, saemix, sanba, SangerTools, scattermore, sccca, sccore, scCustomize, scico, scimetr, scoper, SDGdetector, SeaVal, SEERaBomb, segclust2d, SEIRfansy, selectTWFE, sensobol, sergeant, serocalculator, serodynamics, SerolyzeR, Seurat, SeuratExplorer, sfcentral, sgplot, shadowtext, sharpshootR, shazam, SHELF, ShellChron, sherlock, ShiftHappens, shinyloadtest, shinymodels, shinymrp, shinyquiz, shorm, SIAmodules, sievePH, sigmajs, Signac, signs, sim.BA, simmer.plot, SimpleUpset, SimplyAgree, simrel, simts, simulariatools, SimuRg, sistmr, sitepickR, SixSigma, sjPlot, sjSDM, sleepwalk, slendr, Slick, SlideCNA, SlimR, SmartEDA, SocialFacts, SoftBart, softwareRisk, SPACO, SPARRAfairness, SPARTAAS, spatgeom, spatialGE, spatialTIME, SpatMCA, spca, spDBL, spectrakit, Spectran, spikeSlabGAM, SportMiner, sprtt, squat, SSDM, ssdtools, SSIMmap, ssMRCD, stability, starma, statAfrikR, statebins, statgenHTP, statgenMPP, statgenSTA, STDistance, stepp, stminsights, STMotif, strvalidator, sulcimap, SUMMER, sumvar, sunburstShinyWidget, SuperCell, supportR, SurrogateRank, surveil, surveydata, surveyexplorer, surveyPrev, surveyvoi, SurvGME, survminer, SVMMaj, swaglm, syrona, tablespan, TailClassifier, TailID, tame, tastypie, taylor, tbl.now, tcgaViz, TCIU, TDA, tdarec, teal.modules.clinical, teal.modules.general, telraamStats, temper, tern, testcorr, tetragon, TextAnalysisR, theftdlc, thematic, ThinkingGrid, tidyactuarial, tidyBdE, tidybins, tidychangepoint, tidygate, tidypaleo, tidyplots, tidyspec, tidyterra, tikatuwq, timeplyr, tintin, Tivy, topoDistance, topr, torch, tornado, toscca, toxSummary, triptych, tscv, tsforecast, tsgc, TSstudio, tvm, TwoDiRef, txshift, ubiquity, UKBAnalytica, umiAnalyzer, umx, UnalR, UNCOVER, unfold, unhcrthemes, UniprotR, unityForest, unsum, UpSetR, upstartr, useful, uxr, vaccineff, VALERIE, validata, vaxineR, vbm, vcdExtra, vchartr, vDiveR, vectorsurvR, VennItem, vfinputs, vici, Virusparies, viscomplexr, visdat, ViSe, vismi, VisualizeSimon2Stage, vivainsights, VizModules, vmeasur, volker, voteogram, vsp, wacolors, washi, WaterBalanceR, waves, wdiexplorer, webr, WeightedTreemaps, Westerlund, whomds, widr, wilson, wjake, WMFM, wordorientation, wordPuzzleR, wpa, wsjplot, x3ptools, xgxr, xpect, xray, yamlet, ycevo, YEAB, yrnd, ZINAR1, ztable
Reverse suggests: aae.pop, AcademicThemes, acR, acsmoe, activAnalyzer, AgePopDenom, ahpsurvey, AIDA, airt, aldvmm, ambiR, ameras, aopdata, apexcharter, ApplyPolygenicScore, aqp, AquaBEHER, assemblykor, AssociationExplorer2, audubon, ausOpenData, autocodebook, avesperu, bakeoff, bangladesh, baseballr, basetable, BAwiR, bayesDiagnostics, BayesDissolution, BayesERtools, bayesplot, bayesTFR, BayesTools, bbk, bench, bestNormalize, betaARMA, bidser, BIGpopA, BioStatR, blueycolors, BMEmapping, bnRep, boe, bootkmeans, bpcp, brainGraph, brickset, broom.helpers, brpop, bscui, bsitar, CAESAR.Suite, camcorder, camtrapR, canaper, cancensus, canpumf, cansim, canvasXpress, CAST, CausalState, censobr, censosbo, Census2016, cfbseedR, cfr, childpen, chms, chron, cincinnatiOpenData, CLCM, climaemet, clinDataReview, ClustAssess, cmhc, CMTFtoolbox, cnefetools, cograph, CohortCharacteristics, CohortConstructor, CohortSurvival, collapse, colleyRstats, colormap, colorspace, colouR, colourvalues, cols4all, ConfusionTableR, contagionchannels, contentanalysis, coOpenData, correlationfunnel, corrViz, countryatlas, coursekata, coveffectsplot, cpp11, cpsvote, craftgrn, cre.dcf, ctOpenData, czechrates, dartR, dartR.base, dartR.captive, dartR.popgen, datacommons, debkeepr, decisionSupport, deckgl, deepdep, delimtools, deOpenData, descriptio, dfeR, DICErClust, DiDforBigData, dimRed, dint, DirectEffects, disclapmix, discord, DisImpact, DMCfun, donutsk, DrData, drhur, DrugUtilisation, duckspatial, dynamicpv, easyRasch2, EasyStat, ecolRxC, ecotraj, edfinr, edibble, eiCircles, eiIT, eiopt2, emmeans, EpiQuestionR, epiR, ErrorTracer, ethiodate, extras, fable.bayesRecon, familiar, fastml, fastRG, fec16, finalsize, flextable, fmrihrf, fMRItools, forecast, forrel, FuelDeep3D, funkycells, fxl, fxTWAPLS, gap, gdalraster, gdm, geobr, geocodebr, ggblend, ggcharts, ggdendro, ggDoubleHeat, gghdx, gghinton, ggpop, ggstackplot, ggstudent, ggsurvfit, ggthemeUL, ggtwotone, GIFT, gMCPLite, gMOIP, graphicalMCP, graphsim, grates, gravmagsubs, gridpattern, grobblR, growthPheno, growthTrendR, gsDesign, gsDesignNB, guardianapi, Guerry, h2o, HaDeX2, HawaSpatial, healthyR.ai, healthyR.ts, hesim, heumilkr, himach, HistData, hmrc, HOME, HotellingEllipse, htaBIM, httk, httkexamples, huxtable, hystReet, igraph, imagefluency, imager, Immutables, incidence, incidence2, IncidencePrevalence, industRial, inequantiles, inlabru, ino, IOBR, ipumsr, irrICC, irtsim, jlmerclusterperm, jtools, jubilee, jumble, k5, khroma, kidsides, LaMa, latentFactoR, lazymatrix, LBSPR, learningtower, lisat, LMMstar, logolink, loon, lphom, lspline, MacroFilters, mapbayr, markerpen, mascarade, mbg, MBMethPred, midr, MiscMetabar, misl, mmrm, mnirs, modelbased, modelimpact, mongolstats, moveEZ, mpitbR, MSUthemes, mverse, mvpd, nascaR.data, netify, netseg, NetSurvProx, neuroSCC, nflseedR, NHSRdatasets, nimbleExtra, NitrogenUptake2016, NlsyLinks, nolaOpenData, nomisdata, NPLStoolbox, nycOpenData, oceanwaves, ohenery, OlinkAnalyze, OmopStudyBuilder, OncoBayes2, openintro, OPSR, PairViz, parafac4microbiome, partycoloR, PatientProfiles, pedalfast.data, penetrance, permimp, peruflorads43, PhenotypeR, PiC, picker, piecepackr, pillar, pixr, pmartR, pmrm, PNADCperiods, poems, poisonfrogs, poldis, portfolioBacktest, portvine, PRA, pressfreedom.data, protti, public.ctn0094data, public.ctn0094extra, PublicationBiasBenchmark, purgeR, pwr, qatarcars, qlifetable, Radviz, rattle, raw, rb3, RBesT, rbiom, readyomics, realestatebr, recurse, redist, redlist, regress3d, repoRter.nih, rextor, rfars, rgph, RImagePalette, rKolada, rnnmf, rODE, rpanel, RRphylo, rsprite2, rstpm2, rtide, rxode2, sageR, salmonMSE, SAMBA, SAMprior, saros, scatterpie, SCpubr, SDMtune, SeattleOpenData, see, segregation, sensortowerR, seriation, serofoi, sfOpenData, sftrack, shiny.telemetry, shinyaframe, shinyWidgets, sigminer, simstudy, sitrep, sits, skylight, smidm, smoothbp, soilFlux, spanishoddata, sparseMVN, SSVS, staat1cho, StateLevelForest, streamDepletr, superb, superspreading, suRface.analytics, surveillance, survinger, svrep, sweep, telegramR, TemporalHazard, thisplot, threesixtygiving, tidydann, tidyfun, tidyquant, tidySEM, tidytext, tidytransit, tikzDevice, timetk, tinytable, tis, toastui, tongfen, topolow, treasury, treeshap, trendseries, tsbox, tsibble, tune, UCSCXenaShiny, ukpolice, unsurv, unusualprofile, usincometaxes, usmap, VancouvR, vangogh, VarSelLCM, vcfR, videogameinsightsR, vinereg, viridis, vivid, voi, voronoiTreemap, vroom, Wats, webSDM, whatifbandit, wid, WoodSimulatR, worldbank, WQM, xaringanthemer, xmap, ypr, zoo

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