"The origin of the second 'appendix' was the humiliating recognition
that in 1983 I had quoted Renan without the slightest understanding of
what he had actually said: I had taken as something easily ironical
what was in fact utterly bizarre. The humiliation also forced me to
realize that I had offered no intelligible explanation of exactly how,
and why, new-emerging na'tions imagined themselves antique. What
appeared in most of the scholarly writings as Machiavellian
hocus-pocus, or as bourgeois fantasy, or as disinterred historical
truth, struck me now as deeper and more interesting. Supposing
'antiquity' were, at a certain historical juncture, the necessary
consequence' of 'novelty?' If nationalism was, as I supposed it, the
expression of a radically changed form of consciousness, should not
awareness of that break, and the necessary forgetting of the older
consciousness, create its own narrative? Seen from this perspective,
the atavistic fantasizing characteristic of most nationalist thought
after the 1820s appears an epiphenomenon; what is really important is
the structural alignment of post-1820s nationalist 'memory' with the
inner premises and conventions of modern biography and autobiography."
(Anderson 1991:xiv)