An appendix to the timeline of science
by piero scaruffi
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Transistor: New Jersey (Bell Labs, 1947) Programmable computer: England (Manchester Univ, 1948) Neural Network: Boston (MIT, 1954) Integrated circuit: Texas (Texas Instruments, 1958) Artificial Intelligence: Boston (MIT, 1956) Robot: Detroit (General Motors, 1961) Database: New York (IBM, 1961) Computer graphics: Boston (MIT, 1963) Online transaction processing: New York (IBM, 1964) Internet: Boston (BBN, 1969) Virtual Reality: Utah (1969) CAD: Utah (1969) Microprocessor: Bay Area (Intel, 1971) Email: Boston (BBN, 1972) Videogame console: New Hampshire (Magnavox, 1972) Personal computer: New Mexico (Ed Roberts/Altair, 1974) DNA sequencing: England (Cambridge, 1977) Biotech: Bay Area (Genentech, 1978) Navigator: Boston (MIT, 1979) Compact Disc: Japan (Sony, 1982) Camcorder: Japan (Sony, 1983) E-commerce: Boston (Boston Computer Exchange, 1983) Flash memory: Japan (Toshiba, 1984) Personal digital assistant: France (Psion, 1984) Cellular phone: Arizona (Motorola, 1984) 3D printing: Los Angeles (3D Systems, 1988) Search engine: Montreal (Archie, 1990) Digital camera: Japan (Fujitsu, 1990) Gene therapy: Maryland (NIH, 1990) World-wide web: Switzerland (CERN, 1991) Wearable computing: Boston (MIT, 1993) Online payment: San Diego (First Virtual, 1994) Self-driving car: Germany (1994) Gene editing: New York (Sloan Kettering Inst, 1994) Live video streaming: Netherlands (1995) Voice over IP: Israel (VocalTec, 1995) Cloning: Britain (Univ of Edinburgh, 1996) DVD player: Japan (Toshiba, 1996) Smartphone: Finland (Nokia, 1996) Social media: New York (Sixdegrees, 1997) Camera phone: Japan (Sharp, 2000) Personal genomics: Boston (Knome, 2007) Blockchain: Florida (Bitcoin, 2008) |
