OpenGL Shading Language Specification -- Shading Language Grammar

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Shading Language Grammar

该语法由词法分析的输出提供输入。词法分析返回的记号（Token）如下：

记号名称（Token Name）	GLSL 关键字 / 符号
CONST	const
BOOL	bool
FLOAT	float
INT	int
UINT	uint
DOUBLE	double
BVEC2	bvec2
BVEC3	bvec3
BVEC4	bvec4
IVEC2	ivec2
IVEC3	ivec3
IVEC4	ivec4
UVEC2	uvec2
UVEC3	uvec3
UVEC4	uvec4
VEC2	vec2
VEC3	vec3
VEC4	vec4
MAT2	mat2
MAT3	mat3
MAT4	mat4
MAT2X2	mat2x2
MAT2X3	mat2x3
MAT2X4	mat2x4
MAT3X2	mat3x2
MAT3X3	mat3x3
MAT3X4	mat3x4
MAT4X2	mat4x2
MAT4X3	mat4x3
MAT4X4	mat4x4
DVEC2	dvec2
DVEC3	dvec3
DVEC4	dvec4
DMAT2	dmat2
DMAT3	dmat3
DMAT4	dmat4
DMAT2X2	dmat2x2
DMAT2X3	dmat2x3
DMAT2X4	dmat2x4
DMAT3X2	dmat3x2
DMAT3X3	dmat3x3
DMAT3X4	dmat3x4
DMAT4X2	dmat4x2
DMAT4X3	dmat4x3
DMAT4X4	dmat4x4
CENTROID	centroid
IN	in
OUT	out
INOUT	inout
UNIFORM	uniform
PATCH	patch
SAMPLE	sample
BUFFER	buffer
SHARED	shared
COHERENT	coherent
VOLATILE	volatile
RESTRICT	restrict
READONLY	readonly
WRITEONLY	writeonly
NOPERSPECTIVE	noperspective
FLAT	flat
SMOOTH	smooth
LAYOUT	layout
ATOMIC_UINT	atomic_uint
SAMPLER2D	sampler2D
SAMPLER3D	sampler3D
SAMPLERCUBE	samplerCube
SAMPLER2DSHADOW	sampler2DShadow
SAMPLERCUBESHADOW	samplerCubeShadow
SAMPLER2DARRAY	sampler2DArray
SAMPLER2DARRAYSHADOW	sampler2DArrayShadow
ISAMPLER2D	isampler2D
ISAMPLER3D	isampler3D
ISAMPLERCUBE	isamplerCube
ISAMPLER2DARRAY	isampler2DArray
USAMPLER2D	usampler2D
USAMPLER3D	usampler3D
USAMPLERCUBE	usamplerCube
USAMPLER2DARRAY	usampler2DArray
SAMPLER1D	sampler1D
SAMPLER1DSHADOW	sampler1DShadow
SAMPLER1DARRAY	sampler1DArray
SAMPLER1DARRAYSHADOW	sampler1DArrayShadow
ISAMPLER1D	isampler1D
ISAMPLER1DARRAY	isampler1DArray
USAMPLER1D	usampler1D
USAMPLER1DARRAY	usampler1DArray
SAMPLER2DRECT	sampler2DRect
SAMPLER2DRECTSHADOW	sampler2DRectShadow
ISAMPLER2DRECT	isampler2DRect
USAMPLER2DRECT	usampler2DRect
SAMPLERBUFFER	samplerBuffer
ISAMPLERBUFFER	isamplerBuffer
USAMPLERBUFFER	usamplerBuffer
SAMPLERCUBEARRAY	samplerCubeArray
SAMPLERCUBEARRAYSHADOW	samplerCubeArrayShadow
ISAMPLERCUBEARRAY	isamplerCubeArray
USAMPLERCUBEARRAY	usamplerCubeArray
SAMPLER2DMS	sampler2DMS
ISAMPLER2DMS	isampler2DMS
USAMPLER2DMS	usampler2DMS
SAMPLER2DMSARRAY	sampler2DMSArray
ISAMPLER2DMSARRAY	isampler2DMSArray
USAMPLER2DMSARRAY	usampler2DMSArray
IMAGE2D	image2D
IIMAGE2D	iimage2D
UIMAGE2D	uimage2D
IMAGE3D	image3D
IIMAGE3D	iimage3D
UIMAGE3D	uimage3D
IMAGECUBE	imageCube
IIMAGECUBE	iimageCube
UIMAGECUBE	uimageCube
IMAGEBUFFER	imageBuffer
IIMAGEBUFFER	iimageBuffer
UIMAGEBUFFER	uimageBuffer
IMAGE2DARRAY	image2DArray
IIMAGE2DARRAY	iimage2DArray
UIMAGE2DARRAY	uimage2DArray
IMAGECUBEARRAY	imageCubeArray
IIMAGECUBEARRAY	iimageCubeArray
UIMAGECUBEARRAY	uimageCubeArray
IMAGE1D	image1D
IIMAGE1D	iimage1D
UIMAGE1D	uimage1D
IMAGE1DARRAY	image1DArray
IIMAGE1DARRAY	iimage1DArray
UIMAGE1DARRAY	uimage1DArray
IMAGE2DRECT	image2DRect
IIMAGE2DRECT	iimage2DRect
UIMAGE2DRECT	uimage2DRect
IMAGE2DMS	image2DMS
IIMAGE2DMS	iimage2DMS
UIMAGE2DMS	uimage2DMS
IMAGE2DMSARRAY	image2DMSArray
IIMAGE2DMSARRAY	iimage2DMSArray
UIMAGE2DMSARRAY	uimage2DMSArray
STRUCT	struct
VOID	void
WHILE	while
BREAK	break
CONTINUE	continue
DO	do
ELSE	else
FOR	for
IF	if
DISCARD	discard
RETURN	return
SWITCH	switch
CASE	case
DEFAULT	default
SUBROUTINE	subroutine
IDENTIFIER	标识符（Identifiers）
TYPE_NAME	标识符（Identifiers）
FLOATCONSTANT	浮点数（Floats）
INTCONSTANT	整数（Integers）
UINTCONSTANT	整数（Integers）
BOOLCONSTANT	布尔值（Booleans）
DOUBLECONSTANT	浮点数（Floats）
FIELD_SELECTION	标识符（Identifiers）
LEFT_OP	<<
RIGHT_OP	>>
INC_OP	++
DEC_OP	--
LE_OP	<=
GE_OP	>=
EQ_OP	==
NE_OP	!=
AND_OP	&&
OR_OP	\|\|
XOR_OP	^^
MUL_ASSIGN	*=
DIV_ASSIGN	/=
ADD_ASSIGN	+=
MOD_ASSIGN	%=
LEFT_ASSIGN	<<=
RIGHT_ASSIGN	>>=
AND_ASSIGN	&=
XOR_ASSIGN	^=
OR_ASSIGN	\|=
SUB_ASSIGN	-=
LEFT_PAREN	(
RIGHT_PAREN	)
LEFT_BRACKET	[
RIGHT_BRACKET	]
LEFT_BRACE	{
RIGHT_BRACE	}
DOT	.
COMMA	,
COLON	:
EQUAL	=
SEMICOLON	;
BANG	!
DASH	-
TILDE	~
PLUS	+
STAR	*
SLASH	/
PERCENT	%
LEFT_ANGLE	<
RIGHT_ANGLE	>
VERTICAL_BAR	\|
CARET	^
AMPERSAND	&
QUESTION	?
INVARIANT	invariant
PRECISE	precise
HIGH_PRECISION	highp
MEDIUM_PRECISION	mediump
LOW_PRECISION	lowp
PRECISION	precision

以下内容基于上述记号描述 OpenGL 着色语言（OpenGL Shading Language）的语法。起始规则为 translation_unit。空着色器（预处理后无待解析记号的着色器）是合法的，不会产生编译时错误，尽管下文的语法未定义用于接受空记号流的规则。

语法规则定义

variable_identifier :

variable_identifier :
    IDENTIFIER

primary_expression :

primary_expression :
    variable_identifier
    INTCONSTANT
    UINTCONSTANT
    FLOATCONSTANT
    BOOLCONSTANT
    DOUBLECONSTANT
    LEFT_PAREN expression RIGHT_PAREN

postfix_expression :

postfix_expression :
    primary_expression
    postfix_expression LEFT_BRACKET integer_expression RIGHT_BRACKET
    function_call
    postfix_expression DOT FIELD_SELECTION
    postfix_expression INC_OP
    postfix_expression DEC_OP

语法说明：FIELD_SELECTION 包含结构体中的成员、向量的分量选择，以及用于 length() 方法的 length 标识符。

integer_expression :

integer_expression :
    expression

function_call :

function_call :
    function_call_or_method

function_call_or_method :

function_call_or_method :
    function_call_generic

function_call_generic :

function_call_generic :
    function_call_header_with_parameters RIGHT_PAREN
    function_call_header_no_parameters RIGHT_PAREN

function_call_header_no_parameters :

function_call_header_no_parameters :
    function_call_header VOID
    function_call_header

function_call_header_with_parameters :

function_call_header_with_parameters :
    function_call_header assignment_expression
    function_call_header_with_parameters COMMA assignment_expression

function_call_header :

function_call_header :
    function_identifier LEFT_PAREN

语法说明：构造函数（Constructors）在形式上类似函数，但词法分析会将其中大部分识别为关键字。如今这些构造函数通过 type_specifier 识别。方法（如 .length）、子例程数组调用以及标识符均通过 postfix_expression 识别。

function_identifier :

function_identifier :
    type_specifier
    postfix_expression

unary_expression :

unary_expression :
    postfix_expression
    INC_OP unary_expression
    DEC_OP unary_expression
    unary_operator unary_expression

语法说明：不支持传统形式的类型转换（type casts）。

unary_operator :

unary_operator :
    PLUS
    DASH
    BANG
    TILDE

语法说明：无 * 或 & 一元运算符。着色器不支持指针（Pointers）。

multiplicative_expression :

multiplicative_expression :
    unary_expression
    multiplicative_expression STAR unary_expression
    multiplicative_expression SLASH unary_expression
    multiplicative_expression PERCENT unary_expression

additive_expression :

additive_expression :
    multiplicative_expression
    additive_expression PLUS multiplicative_expression
    additive_expression DASH multiplicative_expression

shift_expression :

shift_expression :
    additive_expression
    shift_expression LEFT_OP additive_expression
    shift_expression RIGHT_OP additive_expression

relational_expression :

relational_expression :
    shift_expression
    relational_expression LEFT_ANGLE shift_expression
    relational_expression RIGHT_ANGLE shift_expression
    relational_expression LE_OP shift_expression
    relational_expression GE_OP shift_expression

equality_expression :

equality_expression :
    relational_expression
    equality_expression EQ_OP relational_expression
    equality_expression NE_OP relational_expression

and_expression :

and_expression :
    equality_expression
    and_expression AMPERSAND equality_expression

exclusive_or_expression :

exclusive_or_expression :
    and_expression
    exclusive_or_expression CARET and_expression

inclusive_or_expression :

inclusive_or_expression :
    exclusive_or_expression
    inclusive_or_expression VERTICAL_BAR exclusive_or_expression

logical_and_expression :

logical_and_expression :
    inclusive_or_expression
    logical_and_expression AND_OP inclusive_or_expression

logical_xor_expression :

logical_xor_expression :
    logical_and_expression
    logical_xor_expression XOR_OP logical_and_expression

logical_or_expression :

logical_or_expression :
    logical_xor_expression
    logical_or_expression OR_OP logical_xor_expression

conditional_expression :

conditional_expression :
    logical_or_expression
    logical_or_expression QUESTION expression COLON assignment_expression

assignment_expression :

assignment_expression :
    conditional_expression
    unary_expression assignment_operator assignment_expression

assignment_operator :

assignment_operator :
    EQUAL
    MUL_ASSIGN
    DIV_ASSIGN
    MOD_ASSIGN
    ADD_ASSIGN
    SUB_ASSIGN
    LEFT_ASSIGN
    RIGHT_ASSIGN
    AND_ASSIGN
    XOR_ASSIGN
    OR_ASSIGN

expression :

expression :
    assignment_expression
    expression COMMA assignment_expression

constant_expression :

constant_expression :
    conditional_expression

declaration :

declaration :
    function_prototype SEMICOLON
    init_declarator_list SEMICOLON
    PRECISION precision_qualifier type_specifier SEMICOLON
    type_qualifier IDENTIFIER LEFT_BRACE struct_declaration_list RIGHT_BRACE SEMICOLON
    type_qualifier IDENTIFIER LEFT_BRACE struct_declaration_list RIGHT_BRACE IDENTIFIER SEMICOLON
    type_qualifier IDENTIFIER LEFT_BRACE struct_declaration_list RIGHT_BRACE IDENTIFIER array_specifier SEMICOLON
    type_qualifier SEMICOLON
    type_qualifier identifier_list SEMICOLON

identifier_list :

identifier_list :
    IDENTIFIER
    identifier_list COMMA IDENTIFIER

function_prototype :

function_prototype :
    function_declarator RIGHT_PAREN

function_declarator :

function_declarator :
    function_header
    function_header_with_parameters

function_header_with_parameters :

function_header_with_parameters :
    function_header parameter_declaration
    function_header_with_parameters COMMA parameter_declaration

function_header :

function_header :
    fully_specified_type IDENTIFIER LEFT_PAREN

parameter_declarator :

parameter_declarator :
    type_specifier IDENTIFIER
    type_specifier IDENTIFIER array_specifier

parameter_declaration :

parameter_declaration :
    type_qualifier parameter_declarator
    parameter_declarator
    type_qualifier parameter_type_specifier
    parameter_type_specifier

parameter_type_specifier :

parameter_type_specifier :
    type_specifier

init_declarator_list :

init_declarator_list :
    single_declaration
    init_declarator_list COMMA IDENTIFIER
    init_declarator_list COMMA IDENTIFIER array_specifier
    init_declarator_list COMMA IDENTIFIER array_specifier EQUAL initializer
    init_declarator_list COMMA IDENTIFIER EQUAL initializer

single_declaration :

single_declaration :
    fully_specified_type
    fully_specified_type IDENTIFIER
    fully_specified_type IDENTIFIER array_specifier
    fully_specified_type IDENTIFIER array_specifier EQUAL initializer
    fully_specified_type IDENTIFIER EQUAL initializer

语法说明：无 enum（枚举）或 typedef（类型定义）关键字。

fully_specified_type :

fully_specified_type :
    type_specifier
    type_qualifier type_specifier

invariant_qualifier :

invariant_qualifier :
    INVARIANT

interpolation_qualifier :

interpolation_qualifier :
    SMOOTH
    FLAT
    NOPERSPECTIVE

layout_qualifier :

layout_qualifier :
    LAYOUT LEFT_PAREN layout_qualifier_id_list RIGHT_PAREN

layout_qualifier_id_list :

layout_qualifier_id_list :
    layout_qualifier_id
    layout_qualifier_id_list COMMA layout_qualifier_id

layout_qualifier_id :

layout_qualifier_id :
    IDENTIFIER
    IDENTIFIER EQUAL constant_expression
    SHARED

precise_qualifier :

precise_qualifier :
    PRECISE

type_qualifier :

type_qualifier :
    single_type_qualifier
    type_qualifier single_type_qualifier

single_type_qualifier :

single_type_qualifier :
    storage_qualifier
    layout_qualifier
    precision_qualifier
    interpolation_qualifier
    invariant_qualifier
    precise_qualifier

storage_qualifier :

storage_qualifier :
    CONST
    IN
    OUT
    INOUT
    CENTROID
    PATCH
    SAMPLE
    UNIFORM
    BUFFER
    SHARED
    COHERENT
    VOLATILE
    RESTRICT
    READONLY
    WRITEONLY
    SUBROUTINE
    SUBROUTINE LEFT_PAREN type_name_list RIGHT_PAREN

type_name_list :

type_name_list :
    TYPE_NAME
    type_name_list COMMA TYPE_NAME

type_specifier :

type_specifier :
    type_specifier_nonarray
    type_specifier_nonarray array_specifier

array_specifier :

array_specifier :
    LEFT_BRACKET RIGHT_BRACKET
    LEFT_BRACKET conditional_expression RIGHT_BRACKET
    array_specifier LEFT_BRACKET RIGHT_BRACKET
    array_specifier LEFT_BRACKET conditional_expression RIGHT_BRACKET

type_specifier_nonarray :

type_specifier_nonarray :
    VOID
    FLOAT
    DOUBLE
    INT
    UINT
    BOOL
    VEC2
    VEC3
    VEC4
    DVEC2
    DVEC3
    DVEC4
    BVEC2
    BVEC3
    BVEC4
    IVEC2
    IVEC3
    IVEC4
    UVEC2
    UVEC3
    UVEC4
    MAT2
    MAT3
    MAT4
    MAT2X2
    MAT2X3
    MAT2X4
    MAT3X2
    MAT3X3
    MAT3X4
    MAT4X2
    MAT4X3
    MAT4X4
    DMAT2
    DMAT3
    DMAT4
    DMAT2X2
    DMAT2X3
    DMAT2X4
    DMAT3X2
    DMAT3X3
    DMAT3X4
    DMAT4X2
    DMAT4X3
    DMAT4X4
    ATOMIC_UINT
    SAMPLER2D
    SAMPLER3D
    SAMPLERCUBE
    SAMPLER2DSHADOW
    SAMPLERCUBESHADOW
    SAMPLER2DARRAY
    SAMPLER2DARRAYSHADOW
    SAMPLERCUBEARRAY
    SAMPLERCUBEARRAYSHADOW
    ISAMPLER2D
    ISAMPLER3D
    ISAMPLERCUBE
    ISAMPLER2DARRAY
    ISAMPLERCUBEARRAY
    USAMPLER2D
    USAMPLER3D
    USAMPLERCUBE
    USAMPLER2DARRAY
    USAMPLERCUBEARRAY
    SAMPLER1D
    SAMPLER1DSHADOW
    SAMPLER1DARRAY
    SAMPLER1DARRAYSHADOW
    ISAMPLER1D
    ISAMPLER1DARRAY
    USAMPLER1D
    USAMPLER1DARRAY
    SAMPLER2DRECT
    SAMPLER2DRECTSHADOW
    ISAMPLER2DRECT
    USAMPLER2DRECT
    SAMPLERBUFFER
    ISAMPLERBUFFER
    USAMPLERBUFFER
    SAMPLER2DMS
    ISAMPLER2DMS
    USAMPLER2DMS
    SAMPLER2DMSARRAY
    ISAMPLER2DMSARRAY
    USAMPLER2DMSARRAY
    IMAGE2D
    IIMAGE2D
    UIMAGE2D
    IMAGE3D
    IIMAGE3D
    UIMAGE3D
    IMAGECUBE
    IIMAGECUBE
    UIMAGECUBE
    IMAGEBUFFER
    IIMAGEBUFFER
    UIMAGEBUFFER
    IMAGE1D
    IIMAGE1D
    UIMAGE1D
    IMAGE1DARRAY
    IIMAGE1DARRAY
    UIMAGE1DARRAY
    IMAGE2DRECT
    IIMAGE2DRECT
    UIMAGE2DRECT
    IMAGE2DARRAY
    IIMAGE2DARRAY
    UIMAGE2DARRAY
    IMAGECUBEARRAY
    IIMAGECUBEARRAY
    UIMAGECUBEARRAY
    IMAGE2DMS
    IIMAGE2DMS
    UIMAGE2DMS
    IMAGE2DMSARRAY
    IIMAGE2DMSARRAY
    UIMAGE2DMSARRAY
    struct_specifier
    TYPE_NAME

precision_qualifier :

precision_qualifier :
    HIGH_PRECISION
    MEDIUM_PRECISION
    LOW_PRECISION

struct_specifier :

struct_specifier :
    STRUCT IDENTIFIER LEFT_BRACE struct_declaration_list RIGHT_BRACE
    STRUCT LEFT_BRACE struct_declaration_list RIGHT_BRACE

struct_declaration_list :

struct_declaration_list :
    struct_declaration
    struct_declaration_list struct_declaration

struct_declaration :

struct_declaration :
    type_specifier struct_declarator_list SEMICOLON
    type_qualifier type_specifier struct_declarator_list SEMICOLON

struct_declarator_list :

struct_declarator_list :
    struct_declarator
    struct_declarator_list COMMA struct_declarator

struct_declarator :

struct_declarator :
    IDENTIFIER
    IDENTIFIER array_specifier

initializer :

initializer :
    assignment_expression
    LEFT_BRACE initializer_list RIGHT_BRACE
    LEFT_BRACE initializer_list COMMA RIGHT_BRACE

initializer_list :

initializer_list :
    initializer
    initializer_list COMMA initializer

declaration_statement :

declaration_statement :
    declaration

statement :

statement :
    compound_statement
    simple_statement

语法说明：仅 SWITCH 支持带标签的语句（labeled statements）；不支持 goto 语句。

simple_statement :

simple_statement :
    declaration_statement
    expression_statement
    selection_statement
    switch_statement
    case_label
    iteration_statement
    jump_statement

compound_statement :

compound_statement :
    LEFT_BRACE RIGHT_BRACE
    LEFT_BRACE statement_list RIGHT_BRACE

statement_no_new_scope :

statement_no_new_scope :
    compound_statement_no_new_scope
    simple_statement

compound_statement_no_new_scope :

compound_statement_no_new_scope :
    LEFT_BRACE RIGHT_BRACE
    LEFT_BRACE statement_list RIGHT_BRACE

statement_list :

statement_list :
    statement
    statement_list statement

expression_statement :

expression_statement :
    SEMICOLON
    expression SEMICOLON

selection_statement :

selection_statement :
    IF LEFT_PAREN expression RIGHT_PAREN selection_rest_statement

selection_rest_statement :

selection_rest_statement :
    statement ELSE statement
    statement

condition :

condition :
    expression
    fully_specified_type IDENTIFIER EQUAL initializer

switch_statement :

switch_statement :
    SWITCH LEFT_PAREN expression RIGHT_PAREN LEFT_BRACE switch_statement_list
    RIGHT_BRACE

switch_statement_list :

switch_statement_list :
    /* 空 */
    statement_list

case_label :

case_label :
    CASE expression COLON
    DEFAULT COLON

iteration_statement :

iteration_statement :
    WHILE LEFT_PAREN condition RIGHT_PAREN statement_no_new_scope
    DO statement WHILE LEFT_PAREN expression RIGHT_PAREN SEMICOLON
    FOR LEFT_PAREN for_init_statement for_rest_statement RIGHT_PAREN statement_no_new_scope

for_init_statement :

for_init_statement :
    expression_statement
    declaration_statement

conditionopt :

conditionopt :
    /* 空 */
    condition

for_rest_statement :

for_rest_statement :
    conditionopt SEMICOLON
    conditionopt SEMICOLON expression

jump_statement :

jump_statement :
    CONTINUE SEMICOLON
    BREAK SEMICOLON
    RETURN SEMICOLON
    RETURN expression SEMICOLON
    DISCARD SEMICOLON // 仅片段着色器（Fragment shader）支持

语法说明：无 goto 语句。着色器不支持 goto 跳转。

translation_unit :

translation_unit :
    external_declaration
    translation_unit external_declaration

external_declaration :

external_declaration :
    function_definition
    declaration
    SEMICOLON

function_definition :

function_definition :
    function_prototype compound_statement_no_new_scope

总体而言，上述语法描述了 OpenGL 着色语言的一个超集。某些仅在语法层面合法的语法结构，会被本规范其他章节的说明所禁用。