解决git提交推送有冲突

你的小伙伴已经向origin/dev分支推送了他的提交，而碰巧你也对同样的文件作了修改，并试图推送：

$ cat env.txt
env
​
$ git add env.txt
​
$ git commit -m "add new env"
[dev 7bd91f1] add new env
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
 create mode 100644 env.txt
​
$ git push origin dev
To github.com:michaelliao/learngit.git
 ! [rejected]        dev -> dev (non-fast-forward)
error: failed to push some refs to 'git@github.com:michaelliao/learngit.git'
hint: Updates were rejected because the tip of your current branch is behind
hint: its remote counterpart. Integrate the remote changes (e.g.
hint: 'git pull ...') before pushing again.
hint: See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details.

推送失败，因为你的小伙伴的最新提交和你试图推送的提交有冲突，解决办法也很简单，Git已经提示我们，先用git pull把最新的提交从origin/dev抓下来，然后，在本地合并，解决冲突，再推送：

$ git pull
There is no tracking information for the current branch.
Please specify which branch you want to merge with.
See git-pull(1) for details.
​
    git pull <remote> <branch>
​
If you wish to set tracking information for this branch you can do so with:
​
    git branch --set-upstream-to=origin/<branch> dev

git pull也失败了，原因是没有指定本地dev分支与远程origin/dev分支的链接，根据提示，设置dev和origin/dev的链接：

$ git branch --set-upstream-to=origin/dev dev
Branch 'dev' set up to track remote branch 'dev' from 'origin'.

再pull：

$ git pull
Auto-merging env.txt
CONFLICT (add/add): Merge conflict in env.txt
Automatic merge failed; fix conflicts and then commit the result.

这回git pull成功，但是合并有冲突，需要手动解决，解决的方法和分支管理中的解决冲突完全一样。解决后，提交，再push：

$ git commit -m "fix env conflict"
[dev 57c53ab] fix env conflict
​
$ git push origin dev
Counting objects: 6, done.
Delta compression using up to 4 threads.
Compressing objects: 100% (4/4), done.
Writing objects: 100% (6/6), 621 bytes | 621.00 KiB/s, done.
Total 6 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
To github.com:michaelliao/learngit.git
   7a5e5dd..57c53ab  dev -> dev

因此，多人协作的工作模式通常是这样：

1. 首先，可以试图用git push origin <branch-name>推送自己的修改；

2. 如果推送失败，则因为远程分支比你的本地更加的新，需要先用git pull试图合并；

3. 如果合并有冲突，则解决冲突，并在本地提交；

4. 没有冲突或者解决掉冲突后，再用git push origin <branch-name>推送就能成功！

如果git pull提示no tracking information，则说明本地分支和远程分支的链接关系没有创建，用命令git branch --set-upstream-to <branch-name> origin/<branch-name>。

这就是多人协作的工作模式，一旦熟悉了，就非常简单。