SSH如何使用junit4进行单元测试，java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to load ApplicationContext 问题

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本文详细介绍了在SSH项目中使用JUnit4进行单元测试时遇到的'java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to load ApplicationContext'错误。错误出现在DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate加载上下文时。通过分析错误堆栈，指出该问题可能与依赖注入相关，并分享了解决此类问题的具体方法和代码示例。

之前在做单元测试时一直出现注入问题

java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to load ApplicationContext

at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:124)
at org.springframework.test.context.support.DefaultTestContext.getApplicationContext(DefaultTestContext.java:83)
at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.injectDependencies(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:117)
at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:83)
at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance(TestContextManager.java:230)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.createTest(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:228)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner$1.runReflectiveCall(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:287)
at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.methodBlock(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:289)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:247)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:94)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:290)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:58)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:70)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:191)
at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:137)
at com.intellij.junit4.JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.java:68)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.IdeaTestRunner$Repeater.startRunnerWithArgs(IdeaTestRunner.java:47)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:242)

at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:70)

以下是当时写的代码：

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)     //表示继承了SpringJUnit4ClassRunner类
@ContextConfiguration(locations = {"classpath:spring-config.xml"})
public class TestTeacher {

    @Test
    public void saveTeacher(){
        TeacherService teacherService = new TeacherService();
       ....
        String s1 = teacherService.saveTeacherList(s, 0);
        System.out.print(s1);
    }

解决办法：

public class TestTeacher {
    TeacherService teacherService=null;
    @Before
    public void setUp() throws Exception {
        ApplicationContext ctx =
                new FileSystemXmlApplicationContext("/res/spring-config.xml");
        teacherService = (TeacherService) ctx.getBean("TeacherService");
    }

    @Test
    public void saveTeacher(){
        List<String> s = new ArrayList<>();
      ...
        String s1 = teacherService.saveTeacherList(s, 0);
        System.out.print(s1);
    }