Pssh
pssh是python写的可以并发在多台机器上批量执行命令的工具,它的用法可以媲美ansible的一些简单用法,执行起来速度比ansible快它支持文件并行复制,远程命令执行,杀掉远程主机上的进程等等。杀手锏是文件并行复制,,当进行再远程主机批量上传下载的时候,最好使用它。
在使用pssh之前,必须要保证管理主机和本地主机进行过密钥的认证,或者是在进行批量时,没有做过密钥认证,但是必须保证被管理的多台主机的密码相同。
环境准备
Redhat 7.4 三台
Centos 1.4一台
10.155.155.10
10.155.155.20
10.155.155.30
10.155.155.40
一、编译安装
[root@localhost ~]# tar zxf pssh-2.3.1.tar.gz
[root@localhost ~]# cd pssh-2.3.1
[root@localhost pssh-2.3.1]# python setup.py install
pssh:在远程多台主机上并行运行命令
pscp :把文件并行复制到多台远程主机上
prsync:使用rsync协议本地文件同步到远程多台主机上。
pnuke:在远程多台主机上并行killall某一进程
pslurp:把文件从远程多台主机上复制到本地主机上
二、pssh 参数
2.1
[root@localhost pssh-2.3.1]# pssh --\help
Usage: pssh [OPTIONS] command […]
Options:
--version show program's version number and exit
--help show this help message and exit
-h HOST_FILE, --hosts=HOST_FILE
hosts file (each line "[user@]host[:port]")
-H HOST_STRING, --host=HOST_STRING
additional host entries ("[user@]host[:port]")
-l USER, --user=USER username (OPTIONAL)
-p PAR, --par=PAR max number of parallel threads (OPTIONAL)
-o OUTDIR, --outdir=OUTDIR
output directory for stdout files (OPTIONAL)
-e ERRDIR, --errdir=ERRDIR
output directory for stderr files (OPTIONAL)
-t TIMEOUT, --timeout=TIMEOUT
timeout (secs) (0 = no timeout) per host (OPTIONAL)
-O OPTION, --option=OPTION
SSH option (OPTIONAL)
-v, --verbose turn on warning and diagnostic messages (OPTIONAL)
-A, --askpass Ask for a password (OPTIONAL)
-x ARGS, --extra-args=ARGS
Extra command-line arguments, with processing for
spaces, quotes, and backslashes
-X ARG, --extra-arg=ARG
Extra command-line argument
-i, --inline inline aggregated output and error for each server
--inline-stdout inline standard output for each server
-I, --send-input read from standard input and send as input to ssh
-P, --print print output as we get it
Example: pssh -h hosts.txt -l irb2 -o /tmp/foo uptime
--version:查看版本
--help:查看帮助,即此信息
-h:主机文件列表,内容格式”[user@]host[:port]”
-H:主机字符串,内容格式”[user@]host[:port]”
-:登录使用的用户名
-p:并发的线程数【可选】
-o:输出的文件目录【可选】
-e:错误输入文件【可选】
-t:TIMEOUT 超时时间设置,0无限制【可选】
-O:SSH的选项
-v:详细模式
-A:手动输入密码模式
-x:额外的命令行参数使用空白符号,引号,反斜线处理
-X:额外的命令行参数,单个参数模式,同-x
-i:每个服务器内部处理信息输出
-P:打印出服务器返回信息
2.2
具体常用介绍
-h HOST_FILE 后边跟远程主机列表(ip)
-H HOST_STRING 后边跟远程主机名或者ip地址
-l USER 指定远程主机的用户名
-p PAR 指定pssh最大的并行线程数。
-o 将输出的内容重定向到一个指定的文件中
-O 指定ssh参数的具体配置
-e 将执行错误重定向到一个指定的文件中
-t 设定命令执行超时时间
-x 传递ssh命令的一些参数
-i 在远程主机上执行命令完成后显示标准输出和标准错误
-P 在执行远程命令时,输出执行结果
三、示例
1)获取每台服务器的uptime
查看主机列表
[root@localhost ~]# cat ip.txt
root@10.155.155.20
root@10.155.155.30
root@10.155.155.40
执行命令
[root@localhost ~]# pssh -h 10.155.155.20 -i uptime
Could not open hosts file: No such file or directory
[root@localhost ~]# pssh -h ip.txt -i uptime
[1] 13:45:35 [SUCCESS] root@10.155.155.20
09:45:35 up 2:37, 1 user, load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05
[2] 13:45:35 [SUCCESS] root@10.155.155.30
01:45:35 up 3:43, 0 users, load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05
[3] 13:45:35 [SUCCESS] root@10.155.155.40
01:45:35 up 3:37, 0 users, load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05
2)执行单个ip
[root@localhost ~]# pssh -h 10.155.155.20 -i uptime
Could not open hosts file: No such file or directory
[root@localhost ~]# pssh -H 10.155.155.20 -i uptime
[1] 13:46:52 [SUCCESS] 10.155.155.20
09:46:53 up 2:38, 1 user, load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05
2)保存每台服务器运行的结果
[root@localhost ~]# pssh -h ip.txt -i -o /tmp/pssh/ uptime
[1] 13:52:43 [SUCCESS] root@10.155.155.20
09:52:43 up 2:44, 1 user, load average: 0.01, 0.02, 0.05
[2] 13:52:43 [SUCCESS] root@10.155.155.30
01:52:43 up 3:51, 0 users, load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05
[3] 13:52:43 [SUCCESS] root@10.155.155.40
01:52:43 up 3:44, 0 users, load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05
[root@localhost ~]# ls /tmp/pssh/
root@10.155.155.20 root@10.155.155.30 root@10.155.155.40
3)pscp拷贝文件到远程主机
[root@localhost ~]# pscp -h ip.txt /root/expect.sh /tmp/
[1] 13:57:41 [SUCCESS] root@10.155.155.20
[2] 13:57:41 [SUCCESS] root@10.155.155.40
[3] 13:57:41 [SUCCESS] root@10.155.155.30
[root@localhost ~]# pssh -h ip.txt -i ls /tmp/
[1] 13:58:18 [SUCCESS] root@10.155.155.20
expect.sh
systemd-private-97ff18ee9e6341f6ad475f452d152c6f-chronyd.service-LuFptJ
systemd-private-97ff18ee9e6341f6ad475f452d152c6f-vgauthd.service-Fdu6zy
systemd-private-97ff18ee9e6341f6ad475f452d152c6f-vmtoolsd.service-NA1I7n
[2] 13:58:18 [SUCCESS] root@10.155.155.40
expect.sh
systemd-private-c1676ded76c24586a7539c379be7b45f-chronyd.service-oWTa5k
systemd-private-c1676ded76c24586a7539c379be7b45f-vgauthd.service-XhqOJD
systemd-private-c1676ded76c24586a7539c379be7b45f-vmtoolsd.service-P0RN9Y
[3] 13:58:18 [SUCCESS] root@10.155.155.30
expect.sh
systemd-private-d8e1d0054ea44fd39fccfad8fa818a7b-chronyd.service-5IH50N
systemd-private-d8e1d0054ea44fd39fccfad8fa818a7b-vgauthd.service-yxejqd
systemd-private-d8e1d0054ea44fd39fccfad8fa818a7b-vmtoolsd.service-kAuAIv
[root@localhost ~]# pssh -h ip.txt -i ls /tmp/|grep expect.sh
expect.sh
expect.sh
expect.sh
4)pnuke杀掉某进程
[root@localhost ~]# pssh -h ip.txt -i "yum install httpd -y"
[root@localhost ~]# pssh -h ip.txt -i "systemctl start httpd"
[1] 14:01:02 [SUCCESS] root@10.155.155.20
[2] 14:01:02 [SUCCESS] root@10.155.155.30
[3] 14:01:02 [SUCCESS] root@10.155.155.40
[root@localhost ~]# pnuke -h ip.txt httpd
[1] 14:01:27 [SUCCESS] root@10.155.155.20
[2] 14:01:27 [SUCCESS] root@10.155.155.30
[3] 14:01:27 [SUCCESS] root@10.155.155.40
5)远程主机拷贝文件到本地主机
[root@localhost ~]# pslurp -h ip.txt -L /tmp/ /tmp/expect.sh expect.exp
[1] 14:13:27 [SUCCESS] root@10.155.155.40
[2] 14:13:27 [SUCCESS] root@10.155.155.20
[3] 14:13:27 [SUCCESS] root@10.155.155.30
将远程主机tmp下expect.sh复制到本地tmp下 并重新命名为expect.exp
[root@localhost ~]# ls /tmp/
[root@localhost ~]# tree /tmp/
/tmp/
├── 10.155.155.20
│ └── expect.exp
├── 10.155.155.30
│ └── expect.exp
├── 10.155.155.40
│ └── expect.exp
把远程主机/root/.ssh/目录拷贝到本地opt下
[root@localhost ~]# pslurp -h ip.txt -r -L /opt/ /root/.ssh/ miyao
[1] 14:18:52 [SUCCESS] root@10.155.155.20
[2] 14:18:52 [SUCCESS] root@10.155.155.30
[3] 14:18:52 [SUCCESS] root@10.155.155.40
[root@localhost ~]# tree /opt/
/opt/
├── 10.155.155.20
│ └── miyao
│ ├── authorized_keys
│ ├── id_rsa
│ └── id_rsa.pub
├── 10.155.155.30
│ └── miyao
│ ├── authorized_keys
│ ├── id_rsa
│ └── id_rsa.pub
└── 10.155.155.40
└── miyao
├── authorized_keys
├── id_rsa
└── id_rsa.pub
6 directories, 9 files
pssh是一款Python编写的工具,用于并发地在多台主机上执行命令,其速度优于Ansible。它支持文件并行复制、远程命令执行和进程杀掉等功能。在使用前,需要确保管理主机与目标主机间已建立密钥认证或使用相同的密码。本文介绍了pssh的安装、参数、常用命令及示例,包括获取远程主机状态、文件拷贝和进程管理等操作。

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