Papers by Graham Thurgood
more than just his training and sk ill as an anthropologist and Orientalistj indeed , he demonstr... more more than just his training and sk ill as an anthropologist and Orientalistj indeed , he demonstrates a range of interests that extend far beyond the narrow, strictly linguistic aspects of subgrouping. In particular , AustrcrThai does more than just outl ine an Austro-Tai superstock cons isting of Austronesian , Kadai ,and MiacrYaoj in this work , Bened ict goes further suggesting that contrary to previous thought, the strongest cultural influence in the earliest contacts was that of the Southeast Asians on the Chinese , not the converse . Austro-Tai is the one of the two great linguistic superstocks posited for Southeast Asia by Benedict. It was first suggested in 1942 in his "Thai, Kadai, and Indonesian: a new alignment in Southeastern Asia," an art icle which presented evidence for taking the Tai languages out of the Sino-Tibetan phylum, pl acing them with what Benedict then called the Kadai languages, and then relating these to the Indonesian languages. Surprisingly, other scholars added little to his suggestions and they remained essentially unaltered until some twenty-five years later when Benedict himself returned to the topic with a series of articles or iginally publ ished in Behavor ial Science Notes (BSN) , in wh ich he brought forth a greatly-expanded body of evidence in support of his AustrcrTai superstock . Then, almost another decade later, this series of three Notes formed the core of Bened ict 's Austro-Thai (1975), a (ATLC) volume reprint ing the original 1942 article (Appendix I), the three BSN articles, and a revised version of "AustrcrThai and Austroasiatic" (1973) , a paper express ing Benedict 's view that the correlations found between AustrcrTai and Austroasiatic are the result of an earlier substratal influence of Austro asiatic and Austro-Tai (Appendix II). In add ition , the AustrcrThai volume contains a "Glossary" of AustrcrTai 'roots,' and an important "Introduction to the Glossary," in wh ich Benedict 's or iginal bifurcation of Austro-Tai into Austronesian and Kadai becomes, with the add ition of Miao-Yao to the super stock , a tripartite division. Finally, with the recent addition of Japanese Ryukyuan , AustrcrTai has becare a four-part superstock. Evaluations of something as complex as Austro-Tai is at best difficult and , given the provisional nature of much of the evidence , it is not surprising that marked differences of opinion exist. However, the very amount of evidence that Bened ict brings forth in Au stro-Thai led Goodenough to wr ite in the "Foreword" (p. ix ) : That so much more evidence could be produced is itself an important fact in support of Benedict 's earlier thesis. There can be no question that the Malayo-Polynesian or Austronesian phylum (including Indonesian) is itself part of a larger phylum, Benedict's Austro-Thai, wh ich includes the Thai and Kadai languages and apparently, as Benedict now suggests , the Miao and Yao languages as well. There is room for all kinds of argument about the details , but not about the fact of relationship. [underline added] . Others have been more conservative in their judgements , expressing views much like the one expressed by Jerry Norman in th is volume where, although he cautions that "not everyone agrees entirely with Bened ict 's formulation of the Austro-'iliai theory ," he goes on to note that Benedict has opened up "the whole question of early Southeast Asian influence on Chinese." Certainly, recent archaeolog ical finds , especially in Th ailand , support Benedict's basic hypothesis about the direction of early cultural influences (e.g. cf . Solheim 1971 ) âĒ The heart of Benedict's contribut ion is found in the first part of his Austro-Tai family tree (see Figure below) in which he relates the four main branches of Austro-Tai: Miao-Yao , Kadai (Tai, etc.), Austronesian, and Japanese-Ryukyuan . It is in the recognition of a genetic relationship between these language groups that his contribution has been greatest.
silinternational.org
The situation in all three languages reflects what is largely but not exclusively language mainte... more The situation in all three languages reflects what is largely but not exclusively language maintenance with restructuring occurring under intense contact. In Thomason and Kaufman (1988: 50) terms, the changes reflect language borrowing under significant contact; in Ross's terms (2003) the changes reflect metatypy, that is, restructuring under intense language contact. All three are examples of restructuring and borrowing under language maintenance, but the patterns of contact differ as do the consequent changes. Primarily ...
Linguistic Society of America, 2010
A comparison of the Hainan Cham classifiers with the systems in the other Chamic languages makes ... more A comparison of the Hainan Cham classifiers with the systems in the other Chamic languages makes it clear that the various noun class system are not just typologically similar but are of common descent, dating from proto-Chamic.This paper sketches the noun classifier system of Hainan Cham, compares it with the known cognate systems in the Chamic languages, and speculates briefly on the likelihood that the Chamic noun class system developed under Mon-Khmer influence.
The type setter occasionally replaced some phonetic symbols with italics but the content remains ... more The type setter occasionally replaced some phonetic symbols with italics but the content remains clear.
Rapers presented to Paul K. Benedict for his 71th birthday, 1985
0. Introduction. The need for а ŅŅÐģÐĩ definitive subgrouping of Tibeto-Burman is self-evident. Onl... more 0. Introduction. The need for а ŅŅÐģÐĩ definitive subgrouping of Tibeto-Burman is self-evident. Only two major attempts at subgrouping Tibeto-Burman exist: Benedict (1972) and Shafer (1966-7, 1974); other attempts such as Egerod (1974) involve minor modifications of one or both of these. Further, Benedict (1972), displaying his characteristic caution, only offers a series of lowerlevel'nuclei'thus completely avoiding the question of higher-level branching. Shafer (1966-7, 1974) goes further than Benedict in offering four major supergroups [ ...
Contact Induced Variation and Syntactic Change in the Tsat of Hainan
Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society, 2012
Language Contact and the Directionality of Internal Drift: The Development of Tones and Registers in Chamic
Language, 1996
The Chamic languages of Vietnam have undergone phonological restructuring in the last two thousan... more The Chamic languages of Vietnam have undergone phonological restructuring in the last two thousand years. In contact with the Mon-Khmer languages, all have developed final stress with consequent phonotactic restructuring. Since then, some languages have remained essentially unchanged (Roglai, Rade, and Jarai), but others have undergone radical restructuring: in contact with register languages, Western Cham has become a register language; in contact with the phonology of Bahnar, Haroi has become a ...
Language Contact and the Directionality of Internal Drift: The Development of Tones and Registers in Chamic
Language, 1996
The Chamic languages of Vietnam have undergone phonological restructuring in the last two thousan... more The Chamic languages of Vietnam have undergone phonological restructuring in the last two thousand years. In contact with the Mon-Khmer languages, all have developed final stress with consequent phonotactic restructuring. Since then, some languages have remained essentially unchanged (Roglai, Rade, and Jarai), but others have undergone radical restructuring: in contact with register languages, Western Cham has become a register language; in contact with the phonology of Bahnar, Haroi has become a ...
Historical Linguistics: An Introduction
American Anthropologist, Mar 1, 2001
Written in the coolly detached and densely theorized prose that is his trademark, Joseph Erringto... more Written in the coolly detached and densely theorized prose that is his trademark, Joseph Errington's Shifting Languages shares none of the vivid style but much of the analytic ambition of Berman's book. Having written two previous books on elite Javanese speech" to the exclusion of the vast majority of Javanese"(p. xi), Errington's new study draws on fieldwork conducted during 1986 to examine the impact of social change and Indonesian language use on Javanese speakers in two villages near Solo. As hinted in the title's ...
JEROLD A. EDMONDSON
Language variation: papers on variation and change in the Sinosphere and in the Indosphere in honour of James A. Matisoff;[edited by] David Bradley...[et al.]., 2003
7 Ergativity in Thulung Rai: a shift
Language variation: papers on variation and change in the Sinosphere and in the Indosphere in honour of James A. Matisoff;[edited by] David Bradley...[et al.]., 2003
K-prefixes in Kam-Sui and Kadai: some notes
Languages and History in East Asia: Festschrift for Tatsuo Nishida, 1988
Proceedings of the 8th Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society, 1982
ABSTRACT The quest for ways to improve language teaching is eternal. The question is how? For sev... more ABSTRACT The quest for ways to improve language teaching is eternal. The question is how? For several generations, research and training has been focused on the theoretical component, that is, methods. This paper sets out to show that this preoccupation with methods is misguided. The key to improving language teaching lies in the practical component of teacher training courses. In other words, the focus should be on materials and management, that is, on activities.
Abstract: Three separate languages are examined, each with a different sociolinguistic setting, a... more Abstract: Three separate languages are examined, each with a different sociolinguistic setting, and with each setting leading to a different pattern of grammatical change. The paper sketches the grammar changes and documents the associated social settings: specifically, how the language in question is used and whether outsiders are speaking the language.
Abstract: SummaryOur most widely-used model of tonogenesis is Haudricourt's 1954 classic analysis... more Abstract: SummaryOur most widely-used model of tonogenesis is Haudricourt's 1954 classic analysis of Vietnamese tonogenesis. This paper examines Vietnamese evidence and this dominant model of tonogenesis, arguing that the Haudricourt analysis should be updated, replacing its segmentally-driven model by a laryngeally-based model, incorporating the effects of voice-quality distinctions.
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Papers by Graham Thurgood