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East New York

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East New York
Neighborhood of Brooklyn
Typical multi-unit semi-detached rowhousesin East New York
Typical multi-unit semi-detached rowhouses
in East New York
Map
Location in New York City
Coordinates: 40°40′N 73°53′W / 40.67°N 73.89°W / 40.67; -73.89
Country United States
State New York
City New York City
Borough Brooklyn
Community DistrictBrooklyn 5[1]
Area
[2]
 • Total
1.867 sq mi (4.84 km2)
Population
 (2010)[2]
 • Total
91,958
 • Density49,250/sq mi (19,020/km2)
Ethnicity
[3]
 • Black63.6%
 • Hispanic29.6
 • Asian3.0
 • White1.3
 • Other2.5
Economics
 • Median income$36,786
Time zoneUTC−5 (Eastern)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−4 (EDT)
ZIP Codes
11207, 11208, 11239
Area codes718, 347, 929, and 917

East New York is a residential neighborhood in the eastern section of the New York City borough of Brooklyn. Its boundaries, starting from the north and moving clockwise, are roughly the Cemetery Belt and the Queens borough line to the north; the Queens borough line to the east; Jamaica Bay to the south; the New York City Subway's BMT Canarsie Line, the Bay Ridge Branch railroad tracks, and Van Sinderen Avenue to the west. Linden Boulevard, Pennsylvania Avenue, and Atlantic Avenue are the primary thoroughfares through East New York.

East New York was founded as the Town of New Lots in the 1650s. It was annexed as the 26th Ward of the rapidly growing City of Brooklyn in 1886, and became part of New York City in 1898. During the latter part of the twentieth century, East New York came to be predominantly inhabited by African Americans and Hispanics.

East New York is part of Brooklyn Community District 5, and its primary ZIP Codes are 11207, 11208, and 11239.[1] It is patrolled by the 75th Precinct of the New York City Police Department.[4] New York City Housing Authority (NYCHA) property in the area is patrolled by P.S.A. 2. Coverage by the Fire Department of New York is provided by Battalions 39 & 44. Politically it is represented by the New York City Council's 37th and 42nd Districts.[5]

History

[edit]

Early history and development

[edit]

At the northern edge of what is now East New York, a chain of hills—also known as a terminal moraine—separates northwestern Long Island from Jamaica and the Hempstead Plains, the main part of Long Island's fertile outwash plain. The southern portions of the neighborhood, meanwhile, consisted of salt marshes and several creeks, which drained into Jamaica Bay. These areas were originally settled by the Jameco Native Americans, and later used by the Canarsee and Rockaway tribes as fishing grounds.[6]: Vol 1, p. 7.4 [7][8][9]

In the 1650s Dutch colonists began settling in what are now the eastern sections of Brooklyn, forming the towns of Flatbush, Bushwick, and New Lots (the predecessor of East New York).[6]: Vol 1, p. 7.4 [10] The area along with the rest of Brooklyn and modern New York City was ceded to the British Empire in 1664. A few 18th-century roads, including the ferry road or Palmer Turnpike from Brooklyn to Jamaica, passed through the chain of hills; hence the area was called "Jamaica Pass".[11] During the American Revolutionary War, invading British and Hessian (German) soldiers ended an all-night forced march at this pass in August 1776 to surprise and flank General George Washington and the Continental Army, to win the Battle of Long Island (also known as the Battle of Brooklyn or the Battle of Brooklyn Heights).[10][11]

In 1835, Connecticut merchant John Pitkin (the namesake of Pitkin Avenue) purchased the land of the Town of New Lots north of New Lots Avenue, opening a shoe factory at what is now Williams Street and Pitkin Avenue. Pitkin named the area "East New York" to promote it as a metropolitan rival to New York City, or to mark it as the eastern gateway to the New York region.[11] In 1836 the Brooklyn and Jamaica Railroad (soon to become part of the Long Island Rail Road, or LIRR) opened through the area; it did not originally stop in East New York, but a stop there was added by 1844.[12] The LIRR moved its terminus to Queens in 1860, and the line through Brooklyn was shortened to end at East New York.[13]

In 1852, New Lots was officially ceded from the Town of Flatbush.[9][10] In the middle 19th century, the road between Brooklyn and Jamaica became the Brooklyn and Jamaica Plank Road. The Brooklyn and Rockaway Beach Railroad (1865) was built to connect the LIRR's Atlantic Branch with Canarsie at a point later known as Broadway Junction. As often happened at 19th-century railroad junctions, a railway town arose. Sprawling development into the recently rustic northern part of the Town of New Lots followed the reach of elevated transit lines into the area: the Jamaica Avenue Line in 1885 and the Fulton Street Line in 1889. The road to Brooklyn was renamed Fulton Street, the one to Jamaica, Jamaica Avenue, and the one to Williamsburg, Broadway.

Annexation to Brooklyn and 20th century

[edit]

East New York (as the Town of New Lots) was annexed as the 26th Ward of the rapidly growing City of Brooklyn in 1886; in 1898 after a decade-long controversy with debates, campaigns and publicity, the community was merged into New York City as a whole with the consolidation of Brooklyn and the other four boroughs into a single entity as the "City of Greater New York". In the 20th century its name came to be applied to much of the former township.[10]

In 1939, the Works Progress Administration Guide to New York City[14] wrote:

The development of East New York began in 1835 through the enterprise of John R. Pitkin, a wealthy Connecticut merchant who visualized it as a great city rivaling New York. The Panic of 1837 smashed his hopes. After 1853, a modest development began. By the 1930s, the residents were chiefly Italians, Jews, Germans, and Russians who moved in from Brownsville, Bushwick, and other near-by crowded localities. Many of the Slavic families continue to burn candles before icons, and observe religious fetes according to the old calendar...

After World War II, thousands of manufacturing jobs left New York City thereby increasing the importance of the remaining jobs to those with limited education and job skills. During this same period, large numbers of Puerto Ricans from the Caribbean island and African-Americans from the South emigrated to New York City looking for employment. East New York, no longer replete with the jobs the new residents had come for, was thereby faced with a host of new socioeconomic problems, including widespread unemployment and crime.

Economic downturn

[edit]
Abandoned houses in East New York, 2008

Walter Thabit, a city planner for East New York, chronicled in his 2003 book, How East New York Became a Ghetto, the change in population from mostly working class Italians and Jewish residents to residents of Puerto Rican and African American descent.[15] Thabit argues that landlords and real estate agents played a significant role in the downturn of the area. Puerto Ricans were moving to New York City in the late 1950s, at a time when unemployment rates in Puerto Rico soared to 25 percent, and left Puerto Rico on the brink of poverty. By 1966, Blacks and Puerto Ricans were the majority of the neighborhood with around 48,000 Black residents, 30,000 Puerto Rican residents, and 22,000 remaining White residents (who were mostly Italian and Jewish residents); however, a majority of the White residents would eventually vacate out of the neighborhood due to increasing crime in the later decades. Poverty became very highly concentrated, with the neighborhood's population largely being on welfare benefits by the 1960s. The neighborhood also began to suffer from numerous arson incidents and building fires, and buildings, previously occupied by Italian and Jewish residents, were increasingly abandoned as a result of increasing crime rates and racial tensions between White and non-White residents. During the 1960s, there were reported cases of Italian youths and Black and Puerto Rican youths getting into racially motivated fights.[16] Thabit also describes how the construction of public housing projects in East New York further contributed to its decline, noting that many of the developments were built by corrupt managers and contractors. He argues that the city government largely ignored the community when it could have helped turn it around. On the other hand, writing in the New York Press, Michael Manville accused Thabit of poor research, sweeping generalizations, and a failure to distinguish the actions of allegedly racist individuals from the effects of what he describes as "a racist capitalist system", and contends that much of the urban renewal and public housing efforts of the period were in fact well-intentioned, if ill-considered and hubristic.[17]

Since the late 1950s, East New York has had some of the highest crime rates in Brooklyn, and is considered by some to be the borough's murder capital, alongside Brownsville. Many social struggles associated with poverty—including crime and drug addiction—have been prevalent in the area for decades.[18] Despite the decline of crime compared to their peaks during the crack and heroin epidemics, violent crime continues to be widespread in the community.[19] East New York's 75th Police Precinct reported the highest murder rate in the city in 2011, according to crime reports compiled by DNAinfo.com.[20] East New York has significantly higher dropout rates and incidences of violence in its schools.[21] Students must pass through metal detectors and swipe ID cards to enter the buildings. Other problems in local schools include low test scores and high truancy rates.[citation needed] Redlining and Blockbusting by real estate developers also played a large role in the declination on the quality of life in the neighborhood as well as accelerating White flight.[22]

Urban renewal and early signs of gentrification

[edit]

In the 1980s East Brooklyn Congregations (EBC), an affiliate of the Industrial Areas Foundation (IAF) organized to address the need for quality affordable housing in East New York. This coalition advocated that vacant New York City owned land be provided at no cost for the development of new affordable owner occupied housing with subsidies for low-interest mortgages.[23][24][25] This effort was called the Nehemiah Program. It was replicated in other parts of the city and country and led to national legislation.[23] The Nehemiah homes were funded by a loan from $8 million loan fund from three Brooklyn Churches. Its setup was described as follows by The New York Times the city provides vacant sites, forgives real-estate taxes on the homes (but not the land) for 10 years, and provides what amounts to a $10,000 interest-free loan per house. Buyers pay $43,500 (their median income was $27,000; 40 percent moved from public or subsidized housing)."[23][24][25]

New developments are rising in the area, including the Gateway Center shopping mall located on what was once part of a landfill near Jamaica Bay. Gateway Center, in Spring Creek, is a suburban-style shopping complex with multiple large stores.[26] Gateway Center consists of two structures. Gateway Center South, the first structure, opened in 2002,[27] and Gateway Center North, the second development, opened in 2014.[28]

Although East New York has not experienced the same level of gentrification as many other Brooklyn neighborhoods, since the 2010s it has been moving into the pre gentrification stages as real estate companies have been trying to buy up properties and raise property value prices. With the neighborhood rezoned in 2016 under Bill de Blasio's administration, luxury housing developments have been introduced into the area. Real estate agencies have sometimes persuaded homeowners to sell the properties to them, and often they would resell them to other companies for a higher price. Local residents, who are overwhelmingly Black and Latino, have accused these real estate companies of being racist and trying to gentrify them out of the neighborhood to bring wealthier, white residents.[29][30][31][32]

Demographics

[edit]

Based on data from the 2010 United States census, the population of East New York was 91,958, an increase of 8,683 (10.4%) from the 83,275 counted in the 2000 census. Covering an area of 2,665.73 acres (1,078.78 ha), the neighborhood had a population density of 34.5 inhabitants per acre (22,100/sq mi; 8,500/km2).[2]

The racial makeup of the neighborhood was 63.6% (58,453) African American, 3.0% (2,764) Asian, 1.3% (1,240) White, 0.3% (291) Native American, 0.0% (38) Pacific Islander, 0.7% (683) from other races, and 1.3% (1,237) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 29.6% (27,252) of the population.[3]

The entirety of Community Board 5 had 181,300 inhabitants as of NYC Health's 2018 Community Health Profile, with an average life expectancy of 78.6 years.[33]: 2, 20  This is lower than the median life expectancy of 81.2 for all New York City neighborhoods.[34]: 53 (PDF p. 84) [35] Most inhabitants are middle-aged adults and youth: 27% are between the ages of 0 and 17, 28% between 25 and 44, and 34% between 45 and 64. The ratio of college-aged and elderly residents was lower, at 10% and 12% respectively.[33]: 2 

As of 2016, the median household income in Community Board 5 was $36,786.[36] In 2018, an estimated 30% of East New York residents lived in poverty, compared to 21% in all of Brooklyn and 20% in all of New York City. One in ten residents (10%) were unemployed, compared to 9% in the rest of both Brooklyn and New York City. Rent burden, or the percentage of residents who have difficulty paying their rent, is 52% in East New York, higher than the citywide and boroughwide rates of 52% and 51% respectively. Based on this calculation, as of 2018, East New York is considered to be low-income relative to the rest of the city and not gentrifying.[33]: 7 

During the 1960s, East New York transitioned from being predominately Jewish and Italian to being predominately African American and Puerto Rican. However, now East New York is more diversified, with large African American, Puerto Rican, Dominican, West Indian, and South Asian populations.[37] According to the 2020 census data from New York City Department of City Planning, Black residents make up the majority of East New York, but there are also significant populations of Hispanic residents. In East New York North, there are between 20,000 and 29,999 Black residents and between 10,000 and 19,999 Hispanic residents. City Line has about an equal population of Black and Hispanic residents (10,000 to 19,999) and 5,000 to 9,999 Asian residents. East New York New Lots has 30,000 to 39,999 Black residents and 10,000 to 19,999 Hispanic residents. Cypress Hills is the only section of East New York that has a majority Hispanic community, with 20,000 to 29,999 Hispanic residents and 5,000 to 9,999 Black residents. In all parts of East New York except for City Line, there were less than 5,000 white and Asian residents.[38][39]

Geography

[edit]

East New York covers a relatively large area, abutting the Queens border to the north and east. North of East New York is Highland Park, the Cemetery Belt, and the neighborhoods of Ridgewood and Glendale in Queens. The neighborhoods of Bushwick and Bedford–Stuyvesant are northwest of East New York, while Brownsville is to the west and Canarsie is to the southwest. Jamaica Bay and the Shirley Chisholm State Park are located on the southern shore, while Woodhaven, Ozone Park, and Howard Beach in Queens are located to the east.

Boundaries of East New York

Land use

[edit]

East New York consists of mixed properties but primarily semi-detached homes, two-to-four family houses, and multi-unit apartment buildings, including condominiums and co-ops. The total land area is one square mile.

The area is also home to the East Brooklyn Industrial Park. The 44-block industrial park was established in 1980 by the New York City Public Development Corporation in East New York's northwest quadrant. It is bounded by Atlantic Avenue, Sheffield Avenue, Sutter Avenue and Powell Street.

NYCHA Public Housing Developments

[edit]

Public housing developments of various type and a smaller number of tenements populate the area. There are eleven New York City Housing Authority developments located in East New York.[40][41][42]

  • Cypress Hills Houses; fifteen 7-story buildings.
  • East New York City Line; thirty-three 3-story buildings.
  • Long Island Baptist Houses; four, 6-story rehabilitated tenement buildings.
  • Louis Heaton Pink Houses; twenty-two 8-story buildings.
  • Unity Plaza (Sites 4, 5A, 6, 7, 11, 12, 27); five 6-story buildings.
  • Unity Plaza (Sites 17, 24, 25A); three buildings 6 stories tall.
  • Vandalia Avenue; two 10-story buildings.
  • NYCHA Converted RAD PACT Section 8 Developments Since December 28, 2021
    • Boulevard Houses was the first of 11 developments to be built in the area. Built in 1950, it includes eighteen buildings, 6 and 14 stories tall.
    • Belmont-Sutter Area; 3 Buildings With A Total Of 72 Apartment Units
    • Fiorentino Plaza; eight 4-story buildings.
    • Linden Houses; nineteen buildings, 8 and 14 stories.
    • Pennsylvania Avenue-Wortman Avenue; three buildings, 8 and 16 stories tall.
NYCHA Converted Section 8 RAD Developments
[edit]

Starting in 2016, New York City Housing Authority began to convert some of their developments into the RAD PACT Section 8 Management with public–private partnership leases with private real estate developers and companies to help manage the properties as well as to get the capital needs and funding to make the necessary repairs and to maintain them properly. Several of the public housing developments in East New York have been switched to this program as of December 28, 2021 along with providing social service providers on their sites to cater to the needs of their local residents, which is nearly half of the East New York NYCHA developments being converted to this program.[43][41][42]

NYCHA signed public–private partnership leases with The Hudson Companies, Inc.; Property Resources Corporation; Duvernay + Brooks LLC; Property Resources Corporation; and Lisa Management, Inc. to manage Belmont-Sutter Area Houses, Boulevard Houses, and Fiorentino Plaza Houses with a contracted social services provider called CAMBA, Inc. on their sites and as well as with Douglaston Development; L+M Development Partners; Dantes Partners; SMJ Development Corp; Clinton Management; and C&C Apartment Management LLC to manage Linden Houses and Pennsylvania Avenue-Wortman Avenue Houses with a contracted social services provider called University Settlement on their sites.

East New York Community Gardens

[edit]

East New York's community gardens are a part of a much larger movement rooted in New York City's Operation GreenThumb, the nation's largest urban gardening program, which was established in 1978. It now sustains over 550 community gardens citywide, 56 of them in East New York.[44] What began in the 1970s as residents transforming abandoned, trash-filled lots into green spaces has endured decades of legal and political struggle over land use and housing, as the city weighted preserving these gardens against the pressures of development. Milestones like the 1984 Garden Preservation Program and the 2022 introduction of ten-year leases reflect an ongoing fight to protect this public green space, carried forward by dedicated volunteers and local organizations like East New York Farms (Founded in 1998). The gardens combat food insecurity in an area where fast food and corner stores far outnumber grocery stores.

East New York's gardens address access to fresh fruits, vegetables, and herbs in a food-scarce neighborhood. These gardens provide opportunities for exercise, time in nature, stress reduction, youth development, and community bonding. These gardens also are proof that a patch of reclaimed land can do far more than grow vegetables, as it can grow a stronger neighborhood.[45]

East New York Farms

[edit]

With the founding of East New York Farms in 1998, there has been an increase usage in lots. Various organizations and local community groups have different gardens in order to beautify the area.[46]

African Burial Ground Square

[edit]

African Burial Ground Square was designated in 2013 after remains were found some years earlier between New Lots and Livonia Avenues from Barbey to Schenck Streets. It shares space with the New Lots branch of the Brooklyn Public Library.[47] After months of effort, the burial ground was finally confirmed and formally recognized.[48]

Subsections

[edit]
Liberty Avenue in City Line

City Line

[edit]

City Line is a sub-section of East New York bordering the neighborhoods of Cypress Hills to the north and southwest and Ozone Park (Queens) to the east. The neighborhood is named "City Line" for its location in the former City of Brooklyn near the border with Queens County before Brooklyn and parts of Queens County were consolidated into New York City in 1898.[49] Many Italians, Germans and Irish originally lived in the area, which today is home to immigrants from Bangladesh, the Dominican Republic, and Guyana.[50] The neighborhood also includes African Americans, Hispanics and a scattered presence of South Asians.[51][52] The main commercial district is located along Liberty Avenue. City Line is home to many restaurants, shopping stores, and food markets.

New Lots

[edit]
New Lots Community Church

New Lots is a sub-section of East New York. The "New Lots" east of the Town of Flatbush were laid out in the 18th century and were considered to be an eastward extension of Flatbush. The area was the site of the Town Hall of New Lots (located at 109-111 Bradford Street[53]) from 1852 when the area seceded from Flatbush until it was annexed in 1886 as the 26th Ward of Brooklyn. The population is largely African-American and Hispanic-American. IS 218, PS 72 and Invictus Preparatory Charter School are right across from the public houses.[54][10][55]

Spring Creek

[edit]

Spring Creek is the southeastern part of the former Town of New Lots, and is often included in East New York.[11] Its boundaries moving clockwise are: Linden Boulevard to the north; Betts Creek and Fountain Avenue to the east; Gateway National Recreation Area to the south; and Schenck Avenue and Hendrix Creek to the west.[54] Some locations north of this area up to Linden Boulevard are also considered part of the neighborhood. Spring Creek includes the Starrett City apartment complex, the Gateway Center, the Spring Creek Gardens gated housing development, and the Nehemiah Spring Creek and Gateway Elton affordable housing developments.[56]

Cypress Hills

[edit]
Rowhouses in Cypress Hills

Cypress Hills, a subsection of East New York,[57] is bordered on the south by City Line; to the north by Cypress Hills Cemetery; to the west by Bushwick; and to the east by Woodhaven and Ozone Park in Queens. Cypress Hills is bordered by Highland Park Boulevard and Jamaica Avenue on the north, Eldert Lane on the east, Atlantic Avenue and Conduit Boulevard on the south, and Pennsylvania Ave on the west.[58] The Cypress Hills and Arlington branches of the Brooklyn Public Library serve this community. This neighborhood is demographically mixed with Dominican-Americans, Stateside Puerto Ricans, South Asian-Americans, Caribbean Americans, Caucasians and African Americans.[59][60] The Hispanic or Latino population were 60.9%.

Starrett City

[edit]
Fresh Creek Basin, with Starrett City in the background

Starrett City (also known as Spring Creek Towers) is the largest subsidized rental apartment complex in the United States.[61] Its boundaries, starting from the north and moving clockwise are: Flatlands Avenue to the north, Hendrix Street to the east, Jamaica Bay to the south and the Fresh Creek Basin. Opened in 1974,[62][63] the Starrett City site spanned over 153 acres (0.62 km2) before being subdivided in 2009 as part of a refinancing. The housing development contains 5,881 apartment units in 46 buildings.[64] The residential site also includes eight parking garages and a community center.[6]: 2–3 [65] The area contains a shopping center as well.[66] A number of parcels of undeveloped land totaling 13 acres (5.3 ha) were separated out from the residential site as part of the refinancing.[67]

The development was designed by Herman Jessor, organized in the towers in the park layout. The buildings utilize a simple "foursquare" design.[61][68]: 56 [69] The residential portion of the property has eight "sections" each including several buildings, its own field, recreational area (jungle gym, park, handball court, basketball court) and a five-story parking garage for residents in that section.[65] These sections are Ardsley, Bethel, Croton, Delmar, Elmira, Freeport, Geneva, and Hornell; each named after municipalities in New York State.[70] The community had its own newspaper, known as the Spring Creek Sun.[71]

The Hole

[edit]

The Hole is an isolated section that is also a part of Queens.[72] A run-down neighborhood considered "lost", it has the lowest elevation within the city[73] and is considered to be like the Wild West in some fashions.[74] It is generally bordered by Ruby Street, South Conduit Avenue, and Linden Boulevard.

The area is home to the Federation of Black Cowboys.[75][76]

Police and crime

[edit]
75th Precinct of the NYPD pictured in 2009

East New York is patrolled by the 75th Precinct of the NYPD.[4] While total crime has decreased since the 1990s, it is still higher in East New York than in the rest of the city.[20] In 2023, there were 24 homicides in the 75th Precinct, a rate of 25.8 per 100,000 population, vs. a rate of 4.4 homicides per 100,000 population for the city as a whole.[77]

The precinct reported 24 murders, 762 rapes, 696 robberies, 1,079 felony assaults, 354 burglaries, 1,073 grand larcenies, and 551 grand larcenies auto in 2023.[78]

Fire safety

[edit]

The New York City Fire Department (FDNY) operates four fire stations and one EMS station in East New York:[79]

  • Engine Company 332/Ladder Company 175 – 165 Bradford Street[80]
  • Engine Company 290/Ladder Company 103 – 480 Sheffield Avenue[81]
  • Engine Company 236 – 998 Liberty Avenue[82]
  • Engine Company 225/Ladder Company 107/Battalion 39 – 799 Lincoln Avenue[83]
  • EMS Station 39

Health

[edit]

As of 2018, preterm births and births to teenage mothers are more common in East New York than in other places citywide. In East New York, there were 110 preterm births per 1,000 live births (compared to 87 per 1,000 citywide), and 29.3 births to teenage mothers per 1,000 live births (compared to 19.3 per 1,000 citywide).[33]: 11  East New York has a relatively low population of residents who are uninsured, or who receive healthcare through Medicaid.[84] In 2018, this population of uninsured residents was estimated to be 7%, which is lower than the citywide rate of 12%.[33]: 14 

The concentration of fine particulate matter, the deadliest type of air pollutant, in East New York is 0.0077 milligrams per cubic metre (7.7×10−9 oz/ft3), lower than the citywide and boroughwide averages.[33]: 9  Thirteen percent of East New York residents are smokers, which is slightly lower than the city average of 14% of residents being smokers.[33]: 13  In East New York, 35% of residents are obese, 14% are diabetic, and 34% have high blood pressure—compared to the citywide averages of 24%, 11%, and 28% respectively.[33]: 16  In addition, 25% of children are obese, compared to the citywide average of 20%.[33]: 12 

Seventy-six percent of residents eat some fruits and vegetables every day, which is lower than the city's average of 87%. In 2018, 70% of residents described their health as "good", "very good", or "excellent", less than the city's average of 78%.[33]: 13  For every supermarket in East New York, there are 13 bodegas.[33]: 10 

There are several hospitals in the East New York area, including NYC Health + Hospitals/Gotham Health, East New York; Brookdale University Hospital and Medical Center; and Kings County Hospital Center.[84]: 19–20 

Post offices and ZIP Codes

[edit]

The majority of East New York is covered by ZIP Codes 11207 and 11208, though Starrett City is covered by its own zip code, 11239.[85] The United States Post Office operates the East New York Station at 2645 Atlantic Avenue, Sutter Avenue Station, 1223 Sutter Avenue, and the Spring Creek Station at 1310 Pennsylvania Avenue.[86]

Education

[edit]

East New York is served primarily by New York City Geographical District 19, which also includes Cypress Hills and Starrett City.[87] A review of District 19 school records identified about 23 elementary schools, 13 middle schools, and approximately 16 high or secondary schools in the district school system, in addition to charter schools.[88][89] Charter schools also educate a significant number of children in the community. Currently as of 2026, the public-school system in East New York serves approximately 8,700 elementary students, 3,300 middle school students and about 5,900 high school students,[90] nearly 18,000 students in total. Because East New York neighborhood boundaries do not correspond exactly with District 19 boundaries, these figures are approximate.

Charter schools are also a significant part of this local education system. There were 9 charter school organizations identified, with approximately 5,246 students enrolled in 2024-2025 school year.[91] Based on grade-level enrollment, approximately 2,873 of those students were in kindergarten through grade 5, 1,541 were in grades 6 through 8, and 828 were in grades 9 through 12, with four students reported ungraded. Charter schools in Geographic District 19 include Achievement First East New York Charter School, Achievement First Aspire Charter School, Achievement First Appollo Charter School, Achievement First Linden Charter School, Brooklyn Scholars Charter School, Cypress Hills Ascend Charter School, East Brooklyn Ascend Charter School, Hyde Leadership Charter School-Brooklyn, and Collegiate Academy for Mathematics and Personal Awareness Charter School.[91][92] Several of these schools serve more than one grade band. For example, NCES reports Achievement First East New York as a K-12 school with 1,072 students I 2024-25.[93] Because some charter organizations operate multiple campuses, these figures are organization-level estimates rather than precise census of students physically attending campuses within the East New York neighborhood boundary.

Private and nonpublic schools also serve students in East New York and the broader Geographic District 19 area. According to th 2023-24 National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) Private School Universe Survey, New Grace Center reported 111 students in prekindergarten through eighth grade; Trey Whitfield School reported 148 students in prekindergarten through eighth grade; Blessed Sacrament Catholic Academy reported 192 students in prekindergarten through eighth grade; and Be'er Hagolah Institutes (B&G) reported 445 students in prekindergarten through twelfth grade. Together, these four schools total about 896 students in the 2023-24 NCES data.[94][95][96]

Academic performance varies among District 19 schools. In the elementary grades, P.S. 108 Sal Abbracciamento, P.S. 149 Danny Kaye, P.S. 190 Sheffield, The Fresh Creek School, and P.S. 306 Ethan Allen were among the schools with comparatively strong student-progress measures in District 19 performance reports.[97] At the middle school level, Vista Academy, and Van Siclen Community Middle School also had high student progress performance, and Highland Park Community School also showed strong student progress performance.[97] Student-progress measures describe improvement over time and should be distinguished from proficiency rates; a school may show substantial growth while some students remain below grade-level standards.[97][97]

Several District 19 high schools reported four year-graduation rates above the New York City average in the 2024-2025 School Quality Guide. Multicultural High School reported a 99 percent four-year graduation rate. Brooklyn Lab School 98 percent, and Cypress Hills Collegiate Preparatory School 97 percent, compared with a citywide figure of 89 percent.[98][99][100] Academy of Innovative Technology reported a 94 percent graduation rate, and a College and Career Readiness score of 61, compared with a citywide score of 48. Other East New York and District 19 high schools also reported graduation rates above 90 percent. These figures represent a substantial improvement over older descriptions of high-school outcomes in the area. District 19 schools also contains career and technical education, health-care, technology, arts, public-service, and early college programs intended to expand students' postsecondary options.

Despite higher graduation rates at a number of high schools, the available data indicate continuing challenges. Chronic absenteeism remains elevated at some schools; for example, 48 percent of Brooklyn's Lab School students were reported missing 18 or more days in 2024-25 school year, compared with 41 percent citywide.[99] Reading and mathematic proficiency rates also vary across District 19 elementary and middle schools, with some schools showing strong growth while others report lower proficiency measures.[97][97] Other measures relevant to evaluating the district include academic outcomes for students with disabilities and multilingual learners, middle-school preparation for high school, and college and career readiness after graduation.[88][89]

Schools

[edit]

The New York City Department of Education operates public schools in the area. East New York high schools had a history of high dropout rates but this is decreasing. East New York has two higher institutes, Touro College and Be'er Hagolah Institute in Starrett City. Spring Creek High School opened in 2012, becoming the fifth high school in 60 years and the first in the Spring Creek area.

One of the neighborhood's local public high schools, Thomas Jefferson High School, shut down in June 2007 due to extremely low academic performance: a graduation rate of 29%, with only 2% entering the school at grade level in math and 10% entering at grade level in reading. The school was known for its ROTC program. Four new high schools were organized in the old building.[101]

The high density of charter schools in East New York, Brooklyn, is driven by the demand for alternative educational options in an area with historically lower-performing traditional public schools. Charters are drawn to this neighborhood due to available space for co-location, high population density, and aggressive recruitment by networks like Success Academy looking to establish high-performing, performance-based learning facilities also available to adults. https://www.amny.com/news/nyc-charter-schools-testing-scores/#:~:text=On%20the%20ELA%20exam%2C%20over,overall%20average%20NYC%20public%20schools Source: Success Academy

Some area schools include:

  • Franklin K. Lane High School was at the extreme northeast corner of the neighborhood, north of Jamaica Avenue; it closed in 2011. New schools opened on the campus[102] and they are administered by the New York City Department of Education as H.S. 420. Today the school is the campus site for five different high schools: The Academy of Innovative Technology, The Brooklyn Lab School, Cypress Hill Prep Academy, The Urban Assembly School for Collaborative Healthcare, and Multicultural High School.
  • P.S. 108 Sal Abbracciamento School is at 200 Linwood Street (on the corner of Arlington).[103] It is a public elementary school with an enrollment of about 900 students in grades pre-K through 5.[104] Its building dates to 1895 and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
  • Blessed Sacrament Elementary School is on Euclid Avenue, between Fulton Street and Ridgewood Avenue.
  • Saint Fortunata is located on Linden Boulevard and Crescent Street.
  • IS 171 is on Ridgewood Avenue between Nichols Avenue and Lincoln Avenue.
  • IS 302 is also a public school, on Linwood Street between Atlantic Avenue and Liberty Avenue. The school shut down in 2013 and was replaced with 3 schools, Vista Academy, Liberty Avenue Middle School, and Achievement First Appolo.
  • Within IS 302, due to lack of funding, there used to be a public school ranging from grades K (kindergarten) to 8th grade, P.S. 89 (aka Cypress Hills Community School) which has since attained its own school building not far from IS 302 on the corner of Atlantic Avenue and Warwick Street.
  • PS 7 sits between Crescent Street and Hemlock Street.
  • PS 65 "The Little Red School House" serves 549 students in grades K–5. The school moved to Jamaica Avenue in 2009, so space could be made for a charter school.
  • PS 290 sits on the corner of Fulton Street and Schenck Avenue.
  • Followers of Jesus School is a private Christian school that sits on Atlantic Avenue, between Shepherd Avenue and Essex Street.

For all elementary and middle school listings in East New York see,[89] high schools and secondary schools see,[90] and charter schools see,.[105]

Libraries

[edit]

The Brooklyn Public Library (BPL) has four branches in East New York:

  • The Arlington branch at 203 Arlington Avenue near Warwick Street, a Carnegie library.[106]
  • The Cypress Hills branch at 1197 Sutter Avenue near Crystal Street. It was founded in 1955 and the current building opened in 1995.[107]
  • The New Lots branch and New Lots Learning Center at 665 New Lots Avenue near Barbey Street. It was founded in 1942 and became a BPL branch in 1949.[108] MASS Design Group and Marble Fairbanks were hired to redesign the library in 2024.[109][110]
  • The Spring Creek branch at 12143 Flatlands Avenue near New Jersey Avenue, which opened in 1977.[111]

Transportation

[edit]
Broadway Junction station

East New York is well-served by public transportation, including these New York City Subway services:[112]

The following MTA Regional Bus Operations routes serve the neighborhood:[113]

In addition, the neighborhood contains the East New York station on the Long Island Rail Road's Atlantic Branch. The New York City Subway's East New York Yard, Livonia Yard, and Pitkin Yard, as well as New York City Bus' East New York Bus Depot and MTA Bus Company’s Spring Creek Bus Depot, are all in the neighborhood, but none of these are open to the public. The freight-only Bay Ridge Branch demarcates the western border of East New York.

Avenues and other major highways and roadways designed for automobiles include:

[edit]

In October 2022, CBS series debuted a TV drama serial show simply called East New York with storylines about the fictional 74th Police Precinct showing the lives of their NYPD officers patrolling the East New York neighborhood and responding to crime scenes and investigations that take place in the neighborhood.[114]

Notable residents

[edit]
Lloyd Blankfein

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. 1 2 "NYC Planning | Community Profiles". communityprofiles.planning.nyc.gov. New York City Department of City Planning. Retrieved March 18, 2019.
  2. 1 2 3 Table PL-P5 NTA: Total Population and Persons Per Acre - New York City Neighborhood Tabulation Areas*, 2010, Population Division - New York City Department of City Planning, February 2012. Accessed June 16, 2016.
  3. 1 2 Table PL-P3A NTA: Total Population by Mutually Exclusive Race and Hispanic Origin - New York City Neighborhood Tabulation Areas*, 2010, Population Division - New York City Department of City Planning, March 29, 2011. Accessed June 14, 2016.
  4. 1 2 "NYPD – 75th Precinct". www.nyc.gov. New York City Police Department. Retrieved October 3, 2016.
  5. ↑ Current City Council Districts for Kings County, New York City. Accessed May 5, 2017.
  6. 1 2 3 AKRF, Inc., Eng-Wong Taub & Associates, Langan Engineering and Environmental Services, Inc. (February 4, 2009). "Final Environmental Impact Statement for Gateway Estates II". nyc.gov. New York City Department of Housing Preservation and Development. Archived from the original (ZIP) on November 20, 2015. Retrieved November 16, 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  7. ↑ "Spring Creek Park: History". New York City Parks Department. Retrieved November 18, 2015.
  8. ↑ Natural Resources Group. "Natural Area Mapping and Inventory of Spring Creek 1988 Survey" (PDF). New York City Parks Department. Retrieved November 18, 2015.
  9. 1 2 French, John Homer (1860). Gazetteer of the State of New York: Embracing a Comprehensive View of the Geography, Geology, and General History of the State, and a Complete History and Description of Every County, City, Town, Village and Locality: With Full Table of Statistics. R. Pearsall Smith. p. 372.
  10. 1 2 3 4 5 "Broadway Junction Transportation Study: NYC Department of City Planning Final Report-November 2008" (PDF). nyc.gov. New York City Department of City Planning. November 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 6, 2010. Retrieved October 27, 2015.
  11. 1 2 3 4 Kenneth T. Jackson; Lisa Keller; Nancy Flood (December 1, 2010). The Encyclopedia of New York City: Second Edition. Yale University Press. p. 5716. ISBN 978-0-300-18257-6.
  12. ↑ "THE BROOKLYN & JAMAICA RAIL ROAD THE LONG ISLAND RAIL ROAD and ATLANTIC AVENUE PART ONE". ARRT'S ARRCHIVES.
  13. ↑ "Early History of the LIRR". lirrhistory.com. Archived from the original on March 4, 2000.
  14. ↑ "All Books". The New Press. Retrieved May 28, 2015.
  15. ↑ Thabit, Walter (2003). How East New York Became a Ghetto. New York: NYU Press. ISBN 0-814-78266-3.
  16. ↑ Thabit, Walter. How East New York Became a Ghetto (PDF). New York University Press. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 6, 2023. Retrieved March 6, 2023. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)
  17. ↑ Manville, Michael. "Look Back in Anger: An urban scholar lets fly". New York Press. Vol. 16, no. 34. Archived from the original on December 27, 2005.
  18. ↑ "A Tale of Two Neighborhoods: Brownsville and Bay Ridge". Vital City. March 28, 2023. Retrieved August 16, 2026.
  19. ↑ "73rd Precinct CompStat Report" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on May 24, 2011. Retrieved January 24, 2011.
  20. 1 2 "East New York and Cypress Hills – DNAinfo.com Crime and Safety Report". www.dnainfo.com. Archived from the original on March 6, 2019. Retrieved October 6, 2016.
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  22. ↑ "Designed Harm, Designed Repair: East New York - YouTube". www.youtube.com. Retrieved September 1, 2026.
  23. 1 2 3 Roberts, Sam (September 24, 1987). "Metro Matters; Despite Success, Housing Effort Still Struggling". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 18, 2017.
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  29. ↑ Edwards, Christopher (April 15, 2022). "East NY Cypress Hills residents of color face highest risk of displacement in the city". BKReader.com. Archived from the original on April 16, 2022. Retrieved March 6, 2023.
  30. ↑ Brand, David (January 3, 2022). "House Flippers Continue to Target East New York. Residents Blame the 2016 Rezoning". City Limits.
  31. ↑ "Brooklyn homeowners push back against gentrification". YouTube. PIX11 News. March 5, 2020.
  32. ↑ "Fighting to Protect Cypress Hills & East New York from Gentrification". YouTube. December 16, 2015.
  33. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 "East New York and Starrett City (Including Broadway Junction, City Line, Cypress Hills, East New York, New Lots, Spring Creek and Starrett City)" (PDF). nyc.gov. NYC Health. 2018. Retrieved March 2, 2019.
  34. ↑ "2016-2018 Community Health Assessment and Community Health Improvement Plan: Take Care New York 2020" (PDF). nyc.gov. New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene. 2016. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 9, 2017. Retrieved September 8, 2017.
  35. ↑ Short, Aaron (June 4, 2017). "New Yorkers are living longer, happier and healthier lives". New York Post. Retrieved March 1, 2019.
  36. ↑ "NYC-Brooklyn Community District 5--East New York & Starrett City PUMA, NY". Archived from the original on March 6, 2019. Retrieved July 17, 2018.
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  45. ↑ "45 Years of GreenThumb : NYC Parks". www.nycgovparks.org. Retrieved August 18, 2026.
  46. ↑ Tortorello, Michael (October 18, 2012). "The Seeds They Carried". The New York Times. Retrieved April 25, 2016.
  47. ↑ "Citywide African Burial Grounds Gain Recognition", Our Time Press, October 31 – November 6, 2013, p.10.
  48. ↑ Bailey, Jerome (October 17, 2013). "East New York African Burial Ground officially recognized". amsterdamnews.com. Retrieved January 20, 2016.
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  50. ↑ Hays, Elizabeth (March 9, 2003). "Thriving City Line Draws Hard Workers". Daily News. New York. Retrieved August 22, 2009.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
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  52. ↑ "Asian American Federation: Census Information Center". aafny.org. Archived from the original on August 20, 2008. Retrieved May 28, 2015.
  53. ↑ Croghan, Lore (January 20, 2016). "Preservation advocates call for landmarking in East New York's rezoning area". Brooklyn Eagle. Retrieved December 29, 2017.
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  56. ↑ Sheftell, Jason (July 27, 2012). "Spring Creek Nehemiah is an affordable housing success story in East New York". Daily News. New York. Archived from the original on June 21, 2023. Retrieved November 14, 2013.
  57. ↑ Fioravante, Janice (April 28, 1996). "If You're Thinking of Living In/Cypress Hills - An Evolving Northeast Brooklyn Enclave". The New York Times. Retrieved April 25, 2016.
  58. ↑ Beyer, Gregory (December 2, 2010). "Where Prices Are Practical, and Cuisines Colorful - Living in Cypress Hills, Brooklyn". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved February 18, 2016.
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  60. ↑ "Analysis: NYC 2000 to 2010 demographic change". Archived from the original on October 13, 2015. Retrieved April 25, 2016.
  61. 1 2 Mironova, Oksana (February 6, 2014). "The Lesson of Starrett City: At the edge of East New York, a model of affordable housing endures". BKLYNR. Retrieved November 18, 2015.
  62. ↑ Oser, Alan S. (November 5, 1989). "Perspectives: The Starrett Proposal; Giving Housing a Push in Spring Creek". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved November 16, 2015.
  63. ↑ Oser, Alan S. (September 25, 1994). "Perspectives; Revising the Script for a Starrett Plan in Brooklyn". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved November 16, 2015.
  64. ↑ Bagli, Charles V. (August 3, 2007). "With Starrett City Deal Nearly Dead, Developer Tries Again". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved September 2, 2010.
  65. 1 2 "Starrett City-A City Within Brooklyn" (PDF). Home Reporter and Sunset News. January 28, 1977. p. 16. Retrieved December 14, 2017 – via Fultonhistory.com.
  66. ↑ Goodwin, Michael (September 18, 1979). "Starrett City Lone Concern: Rent". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 10, 2018.
  67. ↑ "Starrett City (Spring Creek Towers)". Recap Real Estate Advisors. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 26, 2019. Retrieved December 15, 2017.
  68. ↑ Hellman, Peter (October 17, 1988). "A Dilemma Grows in Brooklyn: Starrett City Fights to Keep Its Quotas and Its Racial Mix". New York. Vol. 21, no. 41. New York Media, LLC. pp. 54–58. ISSN 0028-7369. Retrieved December 13, 2017.
  69. ↑ Lichtenstein, Grace (October 14, 1974). "5,881 Unit Project Is Dedicated Here; Became and Wilson Attend Ceremony at Starrett City in the Canarsie Section" (PDF). The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved December 14, 2017.
  70. ↑ Markowitz, Marty (February 1, 2007). "Borough President's Letter To Residents Of Spring Creek Towers". Canarsie Courier. Archived from the original on October 7, 2015. Retrieved December 14, 2017.
  71. ↑ Carlson, Tucker (Summer 1995). "Safe Zone". City Journal. Archived from the original on June 5, 2015. Retrieved May 28, 2015.
  72. ↑ Dorr, Nate (July 22, 2009). "In the Hole". Impose Magazine. Retrieved September 26, 2012.
  73. ↑ Asch, Mark (October 27, 2010). "Brooklyn's Lost Neighborhood: The Hole". The L Magazine. Archived from the original on September 28, 2012. Retrieved September 26, 2012.
  74. ↑ Fisher, Janon (October 17, 2004). "Echoes of the Wild West Mark an Urban Frontier". The New York Times. Retrieved September 26, 2012.
  75. ↑ Kilgannon, Corey (October 10, 2006). "Black Cowboys Ride the Range in Queens, and Keep a Sharp Lookout for Traffic". The New York Times. Retrieved September 26, 2012.
  76. ↑ Waddell, Robert (August 6, 1995). "THE FRESH AIR FUND; Black Cowboys Share Their Art With Urban Children". The New York Times. Retrieved September 26, 2012.
  77. ↑ "Tracking crime and safety in your neighborhood". ABC7 New York. Retrieved January 7, 2024.
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  82. ↑ "Engine Company 236". FDNYtrucks.com. Retrieved March 2, 2019.
  83. ↑ "Engine Company 225/Ladder Company 107/Battalion 39". FDNYtrucks.com. Retrieved March 2, 2019.
  84. 1 2 New York City Health Provider Partnership Brooklyn Community Needs Assessment: Final Report, New York Academy of Medicine (October 3, 2014).
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  86. ↑ "USPS Locations". Retrieved June 20, 2018.
  87. ↑ "2024-2025 Data Summaries". web. Retrieved September 1, 2026.
  88. 1 2 "2024-2025 Data Summaries". web. Retrieved September 1, 2026.
  89. 1 2 3 "District 19 Website - Our Schools". district19.strongschools.nyc. Retrieved September 1, 2026.
  90. 1 2 County, Schools By (June 10, 2026). "NEW YORK CITY GEOGRAPHIC DISTRICT #19 Schools | Kings County, NY". Schools By County. Retrieved September 1, 2026.
  91. 1 2 "Search for Public Schools". nces.ed.gov. Retrieved September 1, 2026.
  92. ↑ "Learn About Charter Schools". web. Retrieved September 1, 2026.
  93. ↑ "Search for Public Schools". nces.ed.gov. Retrieved September 1, 2026.
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  95. ↑ "National Center for Education Statistics (NCES)". nces.ed.gov.
  96. ↑ "National Center for Education Statistics (NCES)". nces.ed.gov.
  97. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Best Brooklyn Schools | Brooklyn, NY School Ratings | GreatSchools". www.greatschools.org. Retrieved September 1, 2026.
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  99. 1 2 "Brooklyn Lab School - District 19 - InsideSchools". insideschools.org. Retrieved September 1, 2026.
  100. ↑ "Cypress Hills Collegiate Preparatory School - District 19 - InsideSchools". insideschools.org. Retrieved September 1, 2026.
  101. ↑ "H.S. 435 Thomas Jefferson High School profile". Archived from the original on January 6, 2006. Retrieved December 4, 2006.
  102. ↑ Considine, Austin (March 13, 2008). "Two New Schools To Open At Franklin K. Lane In Fall". Queens Chronicle. Retrieved May 5, 2018.
  103. ↑ "Injury Blogs". schoolmatters.com. Archived from the original on December 8, 2009. Retrieved May 28, 2015.
  104. ↑ "Welcome - P.S. 108 Sal Abbracciamento - K108". New York City Dept. of Education.
  105. ↑ "NYSED.gov". New York State Charter Schools Directory.
  106. ↑ "Arlington Library". Brooklyn Public Library. August 23, 2010. Retrieved February 21, 2019.
  107. ↑ "Cypress Hills Library". Brooklyn Public Library. August 19, 2011. Retrieved February 21, 2019.
  108. ↑ "New Lots Library". Brooklyn Public Library. August 22, 2011. Retrieved February 21, 2019.
  109. ↑ Yoon, Claudia (December 13, 2024). "MASS Design Group and Marble Fairbanks Architects to redesign library in Brooklyn on site of African American burial ground". The Architect’s Newspaper. Retrieved May 15, 2025.
  110. ↑ Niland, Josh (December 9, 2024). "Plans for restorative New Lots Library are unveiled in Brooklyn". Archinect. Retrieved May 15, 2025.
  111. ↑ "Spring Creek Library". Brooklyn Public Library. August 22, 2011. Retrieved February 21, 2019.
  112. ↑ "Subway Map" (PDF). Metropolitan Transportation Authority. April 2025. Retrieved April 2, 2025.
  113. ↑ "Brooklyn Bus Map" (PDF). Metropolitan Transportation Authority. October 2020. Retrieved December 1, 2020.
  114. ↑ "East New York (Official Site) Watch on CBS". CBS. Archived from the original on July 13, 2023.
  115. ↑ Cunningham, J. (March 9, 2016). "Rapper AZ Returns To Brooklyn For New BET Web Series". Bossip. Retrieved April 20, 2019.
  116. ↑ Manskar, Noah. "Ex-Goldman Sachs CEO predicts Sanders would ‘ruin our economy’", New York Post, February 12, 2020. Accessed March 26, 2020. "While Blankfein was born in the Bronx, he grew up in the Linden housing projects in East New York. Sanders grew up in the middle-class neighborhood of Midwood."
  117. ↑ Wallis, David (August 11, 2015). "Mr. Think: Steve Buscemi on Self-Acceptance, Sibling Rivalry and His Heady Talk Show". Observer. Archived from the original on August 12, 2015. Retrieved December 28, 2021.
  118. 1 2 Okon, May. "Talent will out; Sylvia Fine spotted Danny Kaye's 'by radar' and they teamed up maritally and professionally",New York Daily News, August 9, 1959. Accessed July 27, 2022, via Newspapers.com. "Although Danny and Sylvia were born and grew up just a few blocks from each other in the East New York section of Brooklyn, they didn't meet each other until both were reaching for a handhold in show business."
  119. ↑ Cutler, Jacqueline. "Gotti and his goons, how the man became a myth and a legend", New York Daily News, August 4, 2019. Accessed March 26, 2020. "Gotti’s beginnings were humble. Born in the Bronx in 1940, he grew up in East New York, the whole family of 15 crowded into one apartment."
  120. ↑ Dodero, Camille. "Henry Hill, Goodfellas Gangster, on Art, the Witness Protection Program, and His Adult Circumcision", The Village Voice, June 13, 2012. Accessed March 26, 2020. "Henry Hill was best known by Ray Liotta’s face. An East New York native famously mentored by the Lucchese crime family, Hill was the Lufthansa-heisting mobster whose 1986 memoir, the Nicholas-Pileggi-shaped Wiseguy, served as the inspiration for Martin Scorsese’s modern classic Goodfellas."
  121. ↑ Danny Kaye, Museum of the City of New York. Accessed July 27, 2022. "Photographs of Danny Kaye in East New York, Brooklyn, where he grew up."
  122. ↑ Fox, Margalit. "Joe Kubert Dies at 85; Influential Comic-Book Artist", The New York Times, August 13, 2012. Accessed March 26, 2020. "Joseph Kubert was born on Sept. 18, 1926, in the shtetl of Yzeran (also known as Jezierzany), then in Poland and now in Ukraine. He came to the United States with his family as an infant and grew up in the East New York section of Brooklyn, where his father was a kosher butcher."
  123. ↑ Moore, Judy. "Opinion — A garment worker’s fight for fairness", The Charlotte Gazette, January 28, 2022. Accessed July 27, 2022. "Lemlich found time for a personal life marrying Joe Shavelson in 1913 bearing him three children Irving, Martha and Rita. The family relocated to East New York and later Brighton Beach and Lemlich continued her activist work."
  124. ↑ Yaakov Litzman (1948-), Jewish Virtual Library. Accessed March 26, 2020. "Litzman was born in 1948 to Polish survivors of the Holocaust, in a displaced persons camp in Germany. When he was two years old, the family immigrated to the East New York section of Brooklyn, & then to the Borough Park section of Brooklyn, where he grew up."
  125. ↑ Brown, Preezy. "10 Things We Learned From Showtime's 'Wu-Tang Clan: Of Mics And Men'", Vibe, July 4, 2019. Accessed March 26, 2020. "Of all of the Wu-Tang Clan members, the most mysterious is Masta Killa, one of the last artists to join the Wu family. A native of Brooklyn's East New York section, Masta Killa's love for music can be traced back to his youth, where his father introduced him to R&B."
  126. ↑ Wallace, Riley. "Uncle Murda Wants His Kids To Listen To Kendrick Lamar & J. Cole Over His Own Music", HipHopDX, December 13, 2017. "After a mounting buzz from a handful of high-profile singles and a new contract with 50 Cent's G-Unit Records to celebrate the end of 2016, East New York rapper Uncle Murda dropped his new mixtape, Don't Come Outside Vol. 1 last month."
  127. ↑ Agnew, Harriet; and Fontanella-Khan, James. "Nelson Peltz: the activist investor hot on Unilever's heels",Financial Times, January 28, 2022. Accessed July 27, 2022. "'He always prefers to win you over through his enthusiasm and optimism,' says one friend. 'But as any true East New York kid, he won't shy from a fight if it is the only way forward.'"
  128. ↑ Allah, Sha Be. "TODAY IN HIP-HOP HISTORY: THE FAT BOYS’ HUMAN BEAT BOX DIED 25 YEARS AGO", The Source, December 10, 2020. Accessed July 8, 2023. "Born Darren Robinson, but known affectionately as “Buffy” in his native East New York neighborhood, the Human Beat Box rose to fame in the early 80s performing with the Disco 3, who became known as the Fat Boys."
  129. ↑ "Schwartz, Gary". February 21, 2018.
  130. ↑ Calderone, Joe; and Robbins, Tom."Allie Way Off", New York Daily News, December 15, 1996. Accessed July 8, 2023, via Newspapers.com. "Born: Feb. 10, 1923, In East New York section of Brooklyn, where he Is raised."
  131. ↑ Schleier, Curt. "Jerry Stiller was a mensch. He could act with the best of them, too", The Times of Israel, May 12, 2020. Accessed July 9, 2023. "It started on Jerome Street in the largely poor East New York section of Brooklyn — the first of a series of brief stops on the road to adulthood."
  132. ↑ Besser, Yisroel. "Where Country And Soul Music Merge", Mishpacha, April 14, 2010. Accessed July 27, 2022. "Despite his frequent appearances in print, radio, and music albums, there’s a lot that people don’t know about Country Yossi. In a candid conversation, the popular entertainer divulges how a kid from East New York became known as 'Country Yossi,' shares his memories of Rav Shlomo Freifeld, describes his original unintended foray into children’s entertainment, and reveals the secret behind the skyrocketing popularity of his radio show ('give away free prizes!')."
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