enrugar

Portuguese

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₁én

Proto-Italic *en

Proto-Italic *en-

Latin in-

Old Galician-Portuguese en-

Portuguese en-

Proto-Indo-European *h₁roug-h₂-der.

Proto-Italic *rougā

Latin rugader.

Portuguese ruga

Portuguese -ar

Portuguese enrugar

From en- + ruga (“wrinkle”) + -ar.

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): (careful) /ẽ.ʁuˈɡa(ʁ)/ [ẽ.huˈɡa(h)], /ĩ.ʁuˈɡa(ʁ)/ [ĩ.huˈɡa(h)]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): (careful) /ẽ.ʁuˈɡa(ʁ)/ [ẽ.huˈɡa(h)], /ĩ.ʁuˈɡa(ʁ)/ [ĩ.huˈɡa(h)]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): (careful) /ẽ.ʁuˈɡa(ɾ)/ [ẽ.huˈɡa(ɾ)], /ĩ.ʁuˈɡa(ɾ)/ [ĩ.huˈɡa(ɾ)]
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): (careful) /ẽ.ʁuˈɡa(ʁ)/ [ẽ.χuˈɡa(χ)], /ĩ.ʁuˈɡa(ʁ)/ [ĩ.χuˈɡa(χ)]
  • (Caipira) IPA^(key): (careful) /ẽ.ʁuˈɡa(ɻ)/ [ẽ.huˈɡa(ɻ)], /ĩ.ʁuˈɡa(ɻ)/ [ĩ.huˈɡa(ɻ)]

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ẽ.ʁuˈɡaɾ/ [ẽ.ʁuˈɣaɾ]

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ẽ.ʁuˈɡaɾ/ [ẽ.ʁuˈɣaɾ]
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /ẽ.ʁuˈɡa.ɾi/

• Hyphenation: en‧ru‧gar

Verb

enrugar (first-person singular present enrugo, first-person singular preterite enruguei, past participle enrugado)

1. (ambitransitive) to wrinkle (to make wrinkles in; to cause to have wrinkles)

   Synonyms: encarquilhar, engruvinhar

   Antonyms: desenrugar, desencarquilhar

Conjugation

    Conjugation of enrugar (g-gu alternation) (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	enrugar
Personal	enrugar	enrugares	enrugar	enrugarmos	enrugardes	enrugarem
Gerund
	enrugando
Past participle
Masculine	enrugado			enrugados
Feminine	enrugada			enrugadas
Indicative
Present	enrugo	enrugas	enruga	enrugamos	enrugais	enrugam
Imperfect	enrugava	enrugavas	enrugava	enrugávamos	enrugáveis	enrugavam
Preterite	enruguei	enrugaste	enrugou	enrugamos1, enrugámos2	enrugastes	enrugaram
Pluperfect	enrugara	enrugaras	enrugara	enrugáramos	enrugáreis	enrugaram
Future	enrugarei	enrugarás	enrugará	enrugaremos	enrugareis	enrugarão
Conditional	enrugaria	enrugarias	enrugaria	enrugaríamos	enrugaríeis	enrugariam
Subjunctive
Present	enrugue	enrugues	enrugue	enruguemos	enrugueis	enruguem
Imperfect	enrugasse	enrugasses	enrugasse	enrugássemos	enrugásseis	enrugassem
Future	enrugar	enrugares	enrugar	enrugarmos	enrugardes	enrugarem
Imperative
Affirmative		enruga	enrugue	enruguemos	enrugai	enruguem
Negative (não)		não enrugues	não enrugue	não enruguemos	não enrugueis	não enruguem

¹Brazilian Portuguese.
²European Portuguese.

Related terms

• enrugado
• enrugamento
• ruga

Further reading

• “enrugar”, in Dicionário Aulete Digital (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2026
• “enrugar”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2026