escarchar

Portuguese

Etymology

Etymology tree

Spanish escarcha

Proto-Indo-European *-h₂

Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂

Proto-Indo-European *-yéti

Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti

Proto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.

Proto-Italic *-ājō

Proto-Italic *-āō

Latin -āre

Old Spanish -ar

Spanish -ar

Spanish escarcharbor.

Portuguese escarchar

Borrowed from Spanish escarchar. By surface analysis, escarcha + -ar.

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /is.kaʁˈʃa(ʁ)/ [is.kahˈʃa(h)], /es.kaʁˈʃa(ʁ)/ [es.kahˈʃa(h)]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /is.kaʁˈʃa(ʁ)/ [is.kahˈʃa(h)], /es.kaʁˈʃa(ʁ)/ [es.kahˈʃa(h)]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /is.kaɾˈʃa(ɾ)/, /es.kaɾˈʃa(ɾ)/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /iʃ.kaʁˈʃa(ʁ)/ [iʃ.kaχˈʃa(χ)], /eʃ.kaʁˈʃa(ʁ)/ [eʃ.kaχˈʃa(χ)]
  • (Caipira) IPA^(key): /is.kaɻˈʃa(ɻ)/, /es.kaɻˈʃa(ɻ)/

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /(i)ʃ.kɐɾˈʃaɾ/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /(i)ʃ.kɐɾˈʃaɾ/
  • (Northern Portugal) IPA^(key): /(i)ʃ.kɐɾtˈʃaɾ/
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /(i)ʃ.kɐɾˈʃa.ɾi/

• Hyphenation: es‧car‧char

Verb

escarchar (first-person singular present escarcho, first-person singular preterite escarchei, past participle escarchado)

1. to frost (to cover with frost)

Conjugation

    Conjugation of escarchar (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	escarchar
Personal	escarchar	escarchares	escarchar	escarcharmos	escarchardes	escarcharem
Gerund
	escarchando
Past participle
Masculine	escarchado			escarchados
Feminine	escarchada			escarchadas
Indicative
Present	escarcho	escarchas	escarcha	escarchamos	escarchais	escarcham
Imperfect	escarchava	escarchavas	escarchava	escarchávamos	escarcháveis	escarchavam
Preterite	escarchei	escarchaste	escarchou	escarchamos1, escarchámos2	escarchastes	escarcharam
Pluperfect	escarchara	escarcharas	escarchara	escarcháramos	escarcháreis	escarcharam
Future	escarcharei	escarcharás	escarchará	escarcharemos	escarchareis	escarcharão
Conditional	escarcharia	escarcharias	escarcharia	escarcharíamos	escarcharíeis	escarchariam
Subjunctive
Present	escarche	escarches	escarche	escarchemos	escarcheis	escarchem
Imperfect	escarchasse	escarchasses	escarchasse	escarchássemos	escarchásseis	escarchassem
Future	escarchar	escarchares	escarchar	escarcharmos	escarchardes	escarcharem
Imperative
Affirmative		escarcha	escarche	escarchemos	escarchai	escarchem
Negative (não)		não escarches	não escarche	não escarchemos	não escarcheis	não escarchem

¹Brazilian Portuguese.
²European Portuguese.

Further reading

• “escarchar”, in Dicionário Aulete Digital (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2026

Spanish

Etymology

Etymology tree

Spanish escarcha

Proto-Indo-European *-h₂

Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂

Proto-Indo-European *-yéti

Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti

Proto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.

Proto-Italic *-ājō

Proto-Italic *-āō

Latin -āre

Old Spanish -ar

Spanish -ar

Spanish escarchar

From escarcha + -ar.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /eskaɾˈt͡ʃaɾ/ [es.kaɾˈt͡ʃaɾ]
• Rhymes: -aɾ
• Syllabification: es‧car‧char

Verb

escarchar (first-person singular present escarcho, first-person singular preterite escarché, past participle escarchado)

1. (transitive) to frost

   Synonym: helar

Conjugation

    Conjugation of escarchar (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

infinitive			escarchar
gerund			escarchando
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		escarchado		escarchada
		plural		escarchados		escarchadas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	escarcho	escarchastú escarchásvos	escarcha	escarchamos	escarcháis	escarchan
	imperfect	escarchaba	escarchabas	escarchaba	escarchábamos	escarchabais	escarchaban
	preterite	escarché	escarchaste	escarchó	escarchamos	escarchasteis	escarcharon
	future	escarcharé	escarcharás	escarchará	escarcharemos	escarcharéis	escarcharán
	conditional	escarcharía	escarcharías	escarcharía	escarcharíamos	escarcharíais	escarcharían
subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	escarche	escarchestú escarchésvos2	escarche	escarchemos	escarchéis	escarchen
	imperfect (ra)	escarchara	escarcharas	escarchara	escarcháramos	escarcharais	escarcharan
	imperfect (se)	escarchase	escarchases	escarchase	escarchásemos	escarchaseis	escarchasen
	future1	escarchare	escarchares	escarchare	escarcháremos	escarchareis	escarcharen
imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		escarchatú escarchávos	escarche	escarchemos	escarchad	escarchen
	negative		no escarches	no escarche	no escarchemos	no escarchéis	no escarchen

¹Rare; now chiefly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tuteo-form for the present subjunctive.

Derived terms

• escarchado
• escarche
• murciélago escarchado

Descendants

• → Portuguese: escarchar

Further reading

• “escarchar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8.1, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 15 December 2025