lever

See also: Lever

English

English Wikipedia has an article on:

lever

Wikipedia

Pronunciation

(Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ˈliː.və/^[1]
Audio (Gloucestershire): (file)

Hyphenation: le‧ver
(General American, Canada) IPA^(key): /ˈlɛv.ɚ/, /ˈli.vɚ/,^[2]^[3]
Audio (General American): (file)
(General Australian) IPA^(key): /ˈliː.və/
Hyphenation: lev‧er, le‧ver
Rhymes: -iːvə(ɹ), -ɛvə(ɹ)
Homophones: leaver, Lever

Etymology 1

From Middle English lever, levore, levour, from Old French leveor, leveur (“a lifter, lever (also Old French and French levier)”), from Latin levātor (“a lifter”), from levō (“to raise”). Doublet of levator.

Noun

lever (plural levers)

(mechanics) A rigid piece which is capable of turning about one point, or axis (fulcrum), and in which are two or more other points where forces are applied; — used for transmitting and modifying force and motion.
1. Specifically, a bar of metal, wood or other rigid substance, used to exert a pressure, or sustain a weight, at one point of its length, by receiving a force or power at a second, and turning at a third on a fixed point called a fulcrum. It is usually named as the first of the six mechanical powers, and is of three kinds, according as either the fulcrum F, the weight W, or the power P, respectively, is situated between the other two, as in the figures.
  - 1952 September, “Modernised Pull-and-Push Trains”, in Railway Magazine, page 617:
    Retractable steps and handrails are provided on each side of the cars. The steps, which are under the control of the guard, are operated by hand levers in the entrance vestibule.
A small such piece to trigger or control a mechanical device (like a switch or a button).
(mechanics) A bar, as a capstan bar, applied to a rotatory piece to turn it.
- 2012 March, Henry Petroski, “Opening Doors”, in American Scientist‎^[1], volume 100, number 2, pages 112–3:
  A doorknob of whatever roundish shape is effectively a continuum of levers, with the axis of the latching mechanism—known as the spindle—being the fulcrum about which the turning takes place.
(mechanics) An arm on a rock shaft, to give motion to the shaft or to obtain motion from it.
(obsolete, except in generalized senses below) A crowbar.
- 1613, John Marston, William Barksted, The Insatiate Countess, IV.1:
  My lord, I brained him with a lever my neighbour lent me, and he stood by and cried, ‘Strike home, old boy!’

Synonyms

jimmy

Derived terms

Related terms

Translations

rigid piece

Afrikaans: hefboom
Albanian: lloz (sq) m, levë (sq) f
Arabic: مُخْل m (muḵl), مُحْل m (muḥl), عَتَلَة f (ʕatala), رَافِعَة f (rāfiʕa)
Armenian: լծակ (hy) (lcak)
Azerbaijani: ling
Bashkir: һалмауыр (halmawır)
Basque: palanka, altxaprima
Belarusian: падва́жнік m (padvážnik), вага́р m (vahár), рыча́г m (ryčáh)
Bengali: লিভার (bn) (libhar)
Bulgarian: лост (bg) m (lost)
Burmese: ကုတ် (my) (kut)
Catalan: alçaprem (ca) m, palanca (ca) f
Chinese:
Mandarin: 槓桿 / 杠杆 (zh) (gànggǎn)
Czech: páka (cs) f
Danish: vægtstang (da) c
Dutch: hefboom (nl) m
Esperanto: baskulo, levstango (eo), levilo
Estonian: kang (et)
Finnish: vipu (fi)
French: levier (fr) m
Frisian:
West Frisian: hefbeam c, hefaerm c
Galician: cambón (gl) m, panca (gl) f, perpau m, palferro m, alzaprema f, palastra f, mourón (gl) m, gurra f, bimbarra f
Georgian: ბერკეტი (berḳeṭi)
German: Hebel (de) m
Greek: μοχλός (el) m (mochlós)
Ancient Greek: μοχλός m (mokhlós)
Gujarati: ઉચ્ચાલક (uccālak)
Hebrew: מָנוֹף (he) m (manóf)
Hindi: उत्तोलक m (uttolak), लीवर (hi) m (līvar)
Hungarian: emelő (hu), emelőrúd (hu)
Icelandic: vogarstöng f, lyftistöng f
Indonesian: tuas (id), pengungkit (id)
Irish: luamhán m
Italian: leva (it) f
Japanese: 梃子 (ja) (てこ, teko)
Kazakh: иінтірек (iıntırek)
Khmer: គម្នាស់ (kumnŏəh), ដងថ្លឹង (dɑngthləng)
Korean: 지레 (ko) (jire)
Kyrgyz: рычаг (rıcag)
Lao: ລີ້ນ (lo) (līn), ຊະແລງ (sa lǣng), ໄມ້ງັດ (mai ngat)
Latin: vectis (la) m
Latvian: svira f
Lithuanian: svirtis m, svertas m
Macedonian: лост m (lost)
Malay: tuil (ms), tuas, pengumpil, pengungkil, pengungkit
Malayalam: ഉത്തോലകം (ml) (uttōlakaṁ)
Māori: hua (mi), tūwhiti, kauwhiti
Melanau:
Central Melanau: tuwaih, suwil
Mongolian:
Cyrillic: хөшүүрэг (mn) (xöšüüreg)
Nahuatl:
Classical Nahuatl: cuammītl
Newar: थिँभः (thĩbha:)
Norwegian:
Bokmål: vektstang m or f

Nynorsk: vektstong f
Pashto: رافعه (ps) f (rāfe'á), اړم m (aṛám), اړمی m (aramáy), خريز m (xriz), دغری m (daǧǝ́ray), دورسي m (duresí)
Persian: اهرم (fa) (ahrom)
Polish: dźwignia (pl) f, drążek (pl) m, lewar (pl) m, wajcha (pl) f
Portuguese: alavanca (pt) f
Romanian: pârghie (ro) f
Russian: рыча́г (ru) m (ryčág)
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: по̀луга f

Latin: pòluga (sh) f
Slovak: páka f
Slovene: vzvod (sl) m
Spanish: palanca (es) f
Swedish: hävstång (sv) c
Tagalog: dalawit
Tajik: фашанг (fašang), фишанг (fišang), дастак (dastak)
Tamil: நெம்புகோல் (ta) (nempukōl)
Telugu: తులాదండము (te) (tulādaṇḍamu)
Thai: คาน (th) (kaan)
Turkish: kaldıraç (tr)
Turkmen: leňňer
Ukrainian: ва́жіль (uk) m (vážilʹ), підо́йма f (pidójma), підва́га f (pidváha)
Urdu: لیور m (līvar)
Uzbek: pishang (uz), dastak (uz), richag (uz)
Vietnamese: đòn bẩy (vi)
Walloon: djîsse (wa) f, levî (wa) m

small such piece to trigger or control a mechanical device

Bulgarian: ръ́чка (bg) f (rǎ́čka)
Catalan: palanca (ca) f
Chinese:
Mandarin: 槓桿 / 杠杆 (zh) (gànggǎn)
Czech: páka (cs) f
Dutch: hendel (nl)
Esperanto: baskulo
Finnish: vipu (fi)
French: levier (fr) m, manette (fr) f
Galician: travón m
Georgian: ბერკეტი (berḳeṭi)
German: Hebel (de) m
Greek: μοχλός (el) m (mochlós)
Hungarian: kar (hu), fogantyú (hu)
Italian: levetta (it)
Korean: 지레 (ko) (jire)
Norwegian: spak
Nynorsk: spak
Portuguese: alavanca (pt) f
Slovak: páka f
Spanish: palanca (es) f, maneta f (bicycle brake)
Swedish: spak (sv) c

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

Afrikaans: ^{(please verify)} hefboom
Ido: ^{(please verify)} levero (io)

Verb

lever (third-person singular simple present levers, present participle levering, simple past and past participle levered)

(transitive) To move with a lever.
With great effort and a big crowbar I managed to lever the beam off the floor.
- 1938 April, George Orwell [pseudonym; Eric Arthur Blair], chapter VII, in Homage to Catalonia, London: Secker & Warburg, →OCLC:
  Someone found a pick and levered a burst plank out of the floor, and in a few minutes we had got a fire alight and our drenched clothes were steaming.
(figuratively, transitive) To use, operate or move (something) like a lever (physically).
- 1950, Norman Lindsay, Dust or Polish?, Sydney: Angus and Robertson, page 150:
  Sullen now, with stultified spleen, Mrs Dibble grappled her crutches and levered herself upright after an ungainly struggle.
- 1961, V. S. Naipaul, A House for Mr Biswas, Vintage International, published 2001, Part Two, Chapter 1:
  Suddenly he had levered himself up from the sofa, rocking the lame man violently, and was walking towards the receptionist.
- 2023 October 12, HarryBlank, “Fire in the Hole”, in SCP Foundation‎^[2], archived from the original on 22 May 2024:
  The guard at the door coughed up blood, and died instantly. Fina was carrying an empty rifle with a sharpened bayonet, and she'd thrust it straight up through his neck, severing the spinal cord. She levered him off the front stoop and into the bushes, then stood up on the tips of her toes to peer through the window in the door.
(figuratively, transitive) To use (something) like a lever (in an abstract sense).
- 2001 April 9, Joshua Cooper Ramo, “Bagging the Butcher”, in Time:
  He was a man who levered his way from small-time communist hack to political power by tapping into the most potent vein of historical juice in the Balkans: nationalism.
- 2013 December 8, Robert McCrum, “Biographies of the year — review”, in The Guardian:
  Credited with pioneering the detective novel, Collins has attracted many biographers over the years, drawn to his extraordinary life and work in the hope of levering open a new understanding of the Victorian psyche.
(chiefly UK, finance) To increase the share of debt in the capitalization of a business.
- 1989 June 26, “Corporate America wants its privacy”, in Minneapolis Star-Tribune:
  "The equity holders want you to 'lever up,' use as much debt as you can," said David Stanley, chairman of Kansas City-based Payless Cashways,

Derived terms

Translations

to move with a lever

Finnish: vivuta (fi)
German: hebeln (de)
Hungarian: megemel (hu), felemel (hu)
Māori: huaranga, rangahua
Naga:
Khiamniungan Naga: ngàu
Portuguese: alavancar
Spanish: apalancar (es), palanquear (es)

to use like a lever

Finnish: vivuttaa
Spanish: centrarse en

finance: to increase the share of debt

Finnish: vivuttaa
Spanish: ampliar capital

Etymology 2

From Middle English lever, comparative of leve, leef (“dear, beloved, lief”), equivalent to lief +‎ -er. Related to German lieber (“rather”).

Alternative forms

liever

Adverb

lever (not comparable)

(obsolete) Rather.
- [1531, William Tyndale, transl.], The prophete Ionas […], [Antwerp: Merten de Keyser], chapter iiij:[3]:
  Now therfore take my life from me / for I had leuer dye then liue.
- [1545?], John Heywood, The Playe Called The Foure PP […], London: […] Wyllyam Myddylton, →OCLC; reprinted as John S. Farmer, editor, The Play Called The Four PP […] (The Tudor Facsimile Texts), London; Edinburgh: […] T. C. & E. C. Jack, […], 1908, →OCLC, signature [E.ii.], verso:
  The wolde ſome mayſter perhappes clowt ye / But as for me ye nede nat doute ye / For I had leuer be without ye / Then haue ſuche beſyneſſe aboute ye.
- 1571, John Calvin, “Iohn Calvin to the Godly Readers Sendeth Greeting”, in Arthur Golding, transl., The Psalmes of Dauid and Others. With M. Iohn Caluin’s Commentaries, London: […] Thomas East and Henry Middelton; for Lucas Harison, and G[e]orge Byshop, →OCLC, 1st part:
  For although they were worthy of any puniſhment: yit had I leuer they might haue flooriſhed in welfare and ſafetie: […]
- 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book I, Canto IX”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, page 128:
  For leuer had I die, then ſee his deadly face.

Translations

rather — see rather

Etymology 3

Borrowed from French lever.

Noun

lever (plural levers)

(rare) A levee.
- 1742, Miss Robinson, Mrs. Delany's Letters, II.191:
  We do not appear at Phœbus's Levér.
- 2011 September 21, Tim Blanning, “The reinvention of the night”, in Times Literary Supplement:
  Louis XIV’s day began with a lever at 9 and ended (officially) at around midnight.

References

^ “lever”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
^ “lever”, in Merriam-Webster.com Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.
^ “lever”, in The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 5th edition, Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2016, →ISBN.

Anagrams

Revel, elver, revel

Danish

Danish Wikipedia has an article on:

lever

Wikipedia ^da

Etymology 1

From Old Danish liuær, from Old Norse lifr, from Proto-Germanic *librō, cognate with English liver and German Leber. The Germanic word may be an irregular remodelling of the Proto-Indo-European word for "liver", *yókʷr̥, cf. Ancient Greek ἧπαρ (hêpar) and Latin iecur.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈlewˀɐ]

Noun

lever c (singular definite leveren, plural indefinite levere)

liver

Inflection

Declension of *lever*
common gender	singular		plural
common gender	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	lever	leveren	levere	leverne
genitive	levers	leverens	leveres	levernes

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈleːʋɐ], [ˈleːwɐ]

Verb

lever

present of leve

Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [leˈʋeɐ̯ˀ]

Verb

lever or levér

imperative of levere

Dutch

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈleːvər/
Audio: (file)
Hyphenation: le‧ver
Rhymes: -eːvər

Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch lēvere, from Old Dutch *levara, from Proto-West Germanic *libru, from Proto-Germanic *librō.

Noun

lever f (plural levers, diminutive levertje n)

liver
edible animal liver as a dish or culinary ingredient

Derived terms

Descendants

Afrikaans: lewer
Berbice Creole Dutch: lefre
Negerhollands: leber
→ Aukan: lebii
→ Indonesian: lever
→ Saramaccan: lebèn
→ Sranan Tongo: lefre
- → Caribbean Javanese: léfer

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

lever

inflection of leveren:
1. first-person singular present indicative
2. (in case of inversion) second-person singular present indicative
3. imperative

French

Etymology

Inherited from Middle French lever, from Old French lever, from Latin levāre (“to lift; to lighten, relieve”), from levis (“light, not heavy”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /lə.ve/
Audio (France); “se lever” [sø lø.ve]: (file)
Audio (France (Agen)): (file)
Audio (France (Toulouse)): (file)
Audio (France (Vosges)): (file)
Audio (France (Brétigny-sur-Orge)): (file)
Audio (France (Vosges)): (file)
Audio (France (Lyon)): (file)
Audio (France (Somain)): (file)
Homophones: levai, levé, levée, levées, levés, levez

Verb

lever

(transitive) to raise, lift
Antonym: baisser
(reflexive) to rise, stand up
Antonym: s'abaisser
(reflexive, of celestial bodies) to rise, come up
Antonym: se coucher

Le Soleil se lève à l'est et se couche à l'ouest. ― The Sun rises in the East and sets in the West.
(reflexive) to get up (out of bed)
Antonyms: se coucher, s'allonger

Je me lève, je me lave. ― I get up, I wash.
(reflexive, of fog, rain, etc.) to clear, lift

Conjugation

This verb is conjugated like parler, except the -e- /ə/ of the second-to-last syllable becomes -è- /ɛ/ when the next vowel is a silent or schwa -e-, as in the third-person singular present indicative il lève and the third-person singular future indicative il lèvera.

Conjugation of lever (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	compound	avoir + past participle
infinitive	simple	lever
present participle or gerund¹	simple	levant /lə.vɑ̃/
present participle or gerund¹	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		levé /lə.ve/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	lève /lɛv/	lèves /lɛv/	lève /lɛv/	levons /lə.vɔ̃/	levez /lə.ve/	lèvent /lɛv/
	imperfect	levais /lə.vɛ/	levais /lə.vɛ/	levait /lə.vɛ/	levions /lə.vjɔ̃/	leviez /lə.vje/	levaient /lə.vɛ/
	past historic²	levai /lə.ve/	levas /lə.va/	leva /lə.va/	levâmes /lə.vam/	levâtes /lə.vat/	levèrent /lə.vɛʁ/
	future	lèverai /lɛ.vʁe/ or /le.vʁe/	lèveras /lɛ.vʁa/ or /le.vʁa/	lèvera /lɛ.vʁa/ or /le.vʁa/	lèverons /lɛ.vʁɔ̃/ or /le.vʁɔ̃/	lèverez /lɛ.vʁe/ or /le.vʁe/	lèveront /lɛ.vʁɔ̃/ or /le.vʁɔ̃/
	conditional	lèverais /lɛ.vʁɛ/ or /le.vʁɛ/	lèverais /lɛ.vʁɛ/ or /le.vʁɛ/	lèverait /lɛ.vʁɛ/ or /le.vʁɛ/	lèverions /lɛ.və.ʁjɔ̃/ or /le.və.ʁjɔ̃/	lèveriez /lɛ.və.ʁje/ or /le.və.ʁje/	lèveraient /lɛ.vʁɛ/ or /le.vʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior²	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	lève /lɛv/	lèves /lɛv/	lève /lɛv/	levions /lə.vjɔ̃/	leviez /lə.vje/	lèvent /lɛv/
(simple tenses)	imperfect²	levasse /lə.vas/	levasses /lə.vas/	levât /lə.va/	levassions /lə.va.sjɔ̃/	levassiez /lə.va.sje/	levassent /lə.vas/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
(compound tenses)	pluperfect²	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	~~nous~~	~~vous~~	–
simple		—	lève /lɛv/	—	levons /lə.vɔ̃/	levez /lə.ve/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
¹ The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
² In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Derived terms

Descendants

Haitian Creole: leve

Noun

lever m (plural levers)

the act of getting up in the morning

Anagrams

lèvre

Hungarian

Etymology

le- +‎ ver

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈlɛvɛr]
Hyphenation: le‧ver
Rhymes: -ɛr

Verb

lever

(transitive) to knock down

Conjugation

Conjugation of *lever*
other forms	verbal noun		present part.	past part.	future part.	adverbial participle		causative
Click for archaic forms			1st person sg	2nd person sg informal	3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal	1st person pl	2nd person pl informal	3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal
indicative	indicative	present	indef.	leverek	leversz	lever	leverünk	levertek	levernek
			def.	leverem	levered	leveri	leverjük	leveritek	leverik
			2nd obj	leverlek
		past	indef.	levertem	levertél	levert	levertünk	levertetek	levertek
			def.	levertem	leverted	leverte	levertük	levertétek	leverték
			2nd obj	levertelek
		future		Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. le fog verni.
archaic preterite		indef.	leverék	leverél	levere	leverénk	leverétek	leverének
		def.	leverém	leveréd	leveré	leverénk	leverétek	leverék
		2nd obj	leverélek
archaic past		Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. lever vala, levert vala/volt.
archaic future		indef.	leverendek	leverendesz	leverend	leverendünk	leverendetek	leverendenek
		def.	leverendem	leverended	leverendi	leverendjük	leverenditek	leverendik
		2nd obj	leverendelek

conditional		present	indef.	levernék	levernél	leverne	levernénk	levernétek	levernének
	def.		leverném	levernéd	leverné	levernénk (or levernők)	levernétek	levernék
	2nd obj		levernélek
	past		Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. levert volna

subjunctive	subjunctive	present	indef.	leverjek	leverj or leverjél	leverjen	leverjünk	leverjetek	leverjenek
			def.	leverjem	leverd or leverjed	leverje	leverjük	leverjétek	leverjék
			2nd obj	leverjelek
(archaic) past		Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. levert légyen

infinitive		leverni		levernem	leverned	levernie	levernünk	levernetek	leverniük
other forms	leverés		leverő	levert	leverendő	leverve (levervén)		leveret
The archaic passive conjugation had the same -(t)at/-(t)et suffix as the causative, followed by -ik in the 3rd-person singular (and the concomitant changes in conditional and subjunctive mostly in the 1st- and 3rd-person singular like with other traditional -ik verbs).

The prefix can split from the verb stem, e.g. nem ver le or le is ver.

Potential conjugation of *lever*
other forms	positive adjective			negative adjective		adverbial participle
Click for archaic forms			1st person sg	2nd person sg informal	3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal	1st person pl	2nd person pl informal	3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal
indicative	indicative	present	indef.	leverhetek	leverhetsz	leverhet	leverhetünk	leverhettek	leverhetnek
			def.	leverhetem	leverheted	leverheti	leverhetjük	leverhetitek	leverhetik
			2nd obj	leverhetlek
		past	indef.	leverhettem	leverhettél	leverhetett	leverhettünk	leverhettetek	leverhettek
			def.	leverhettem	leverhetted	leverhette	leverhettük	leverhettétek	leverhették
			2nd obj	leverhettelek
archaic preterite		indef.	leverheték	leverhetél	leverhete	leverheténk	leverhetétek	leverhetének
		def.	leverhetém	leverhetéd	leverheté	leverheténk	leverhetétek	leverheték
		2nd obj	leverhetélek
archaic past		Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. leverhet vala, leverhetett vala/volt.
archaic future		indef.	leverhetendek or leverandhatok	leverhetendesz or leverandhatsz	leverhetend or leverandhat	leverhetendünk or leverandhatunk	leverhetendetek or leverandhattok	leverhetendenek or leverandhatnak
		def.	leverhetendem or leverandhatom	leverhetended or leverandhatod	leverhetendi or leverandhatja	leverhetendjük or leverandhatjuk	leverhetenditek or leverandhatjátok	leverhetendik or leverandhatják
		2nd obj	leverhetendelek or leverandhatlak

conditional		present	indef.	leverhetnék	leverhetnél	leverhetne	leverhetnénk	leverhetnétek	leverhetnének
	def.		leverhetném	leverhetnéd	leverhetné	leverhetnénk (or leverhetnők)	leverhetnétek	leverhetnék
	2nd obj		leverhetnélek
	past		Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. leverhetett volna

subjunctive	subjunctive	present	indef.	leverhessek	leverhess or leverhessél	leverhessen	leverhessünk	leverhessetek	leverhessenek
			def.	leverhessem	leverhesd or leverhessed	leverhesse	leverhessük	leverhessétek	leverhessék
			2nd obj	leverhesselek
(archaic) past		Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. leverhetett légyen

infinitive		(leverhetni)		(leverhetnem)	(leverhetned)	(leverhetnie)	(leverhetnünk)	(leverhetnetek)	(leverhetniük)
other forms	leverhető			leverhetetlen		(leverhetve / leverhetvén)

The prefix can split from the verb stem, e.g. nem verhet le or le is verhet.

Derived terms

leverés

Indonesian

Pronunciation

(Standard Indonesian) IPA^(key): /ˈlevər/ [ˈle.fər]
Rhymes: -evər
Syllabification: le‧ver

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Dutch lever (“liver”), from Middle Dutch lēvere, from Old Dutch *levara, from Proto-West Germanic *libru, from Proto-Germanic *librō.

Alternative forms

liver

Noun

lèvêr (plural lever-lever)

liver
Synonym: (more common) hati

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Dutch lever, first-person singular present indicative of leveren (“to deliver”), from Middle Dutch leveren, from Old French livrer, from Latin līberāre.

Noun

lever (active melever, passive dilever)

(colloquial, rare) to send goods; to deliver

Latin

Verb

lēver

first-person singular present passive subjunctive of lēvō

Middle English

Etymology 1

Comparative of leve (“dear”) of Germanic origin (compare German lieb) or lief.

Adverb

lever

Rather.
For him was lever have at his bed's head
Twenty bookes, clad in black or red,
. . . Than robes rich, or fithel, or gay sawtrie. —The Canterbury Tales, Geoffrey Chaucer

But lever than this worldés good
She would have wist how that it stood —Tales of the Seven Deadly Sins, John Gower.

Etymology 2

Noun

lever

alternative form of lyvere (“liver”)

Etymology 3

Noun

lever

alternative form of lyvere (“living being”)

Middle French

Etymology

From Old French lever.

Verb

lever

to lift

Conjugation

Middle French conjugation varies from one text to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.

Conjugation of lever

infinitive	compound	avoir + past participle
infinitive	simple	lever
present participle¹ or gerund²	simple	levant
present participle¹ or gerund²	compound	present participle or gerund of avoir + past participle
past participle		levé
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		ie (i’)	tu	il, elle	nous	vous	ilz, elles
(simple tenses)	present	leve	leves	leve	levons	levez	levent
	imperfect	levois, levoys	levois, levoys	levoit, levoyt	levions, levyons	leviez, levyez	levoient, levoyent
	past historic	leva	levas	leva	levasmes	levastes	leverent
	future	leverai, leveray	leveras	levera	leverons	leverez	leveront
	conditional	leverois, leveroys	leverois, leveroys	leveroit, leveroyt	leverions, leveryons	leveriez, leveryez	leveroient, leveroyent
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que ie (i’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ilz, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	leve	leves	leve	levons	levez	levent
(simple tenses)	imperfect	levasse	levasses	levast	levassions	levassiez	levassent
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
(compound tenses)	pluperfect	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	~~nous~~	~~vous~~	–
simple		—	leve	—	levons	levez	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
¹ The present participle was variable in gender and number until the 17th century (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], Une esthétique nouvelle: Honoré d'Urfé, correcteur de l'Astrée, p. 179). The French Academy would eventually declare it not to be declined in 1679.
² The gerund was held to be invariable by grammarians of the early 17th century, and was usable with preposition en, as in Modern French, although the preposition was not mandatory (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], op. cit., p. 180).

Descendants

French: lever

References

Frédéric Godefroy (1880–1902), “lever”, in Dictionnaire de l’ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IX^e au XV^e siècle […], Paris: F[riedrich] Vieweg; Émile Bouillon, →OCLC.

Norwegian Bokmål

Norwegian Wikipedia has an article on:

lever

Wikipedia ^no

Pronunciation

This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

Etymology 1

From Old Norse lifr, from Proto-Germanic *librō, from Proto-Indo-European *leyp- (“to smudge, stick”), from *ley- (“to be slimy, be sticky, glide”).

Noun

lever m or f (definite singular leveren or levra, indefinite plural levere or levre or levrer, definite plural leverne or levrene)

(anatomy) a liver
liver (eaten as food)

Derived terms

skrumplever

Etymology 2

Verb

lever

present tense of leve
imperative of levere

References

“lever” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology 1

Norwegian Nynorsk Wikipedia has an article on:

lever

Wikipedia ⁿⁿ

From Old Norse lifr, from Proto-Germanic *librō, from Proto-Indo-European *leyp- (“to smudge, stick”), from *ley- (“to be slimy, be sticky, glide”). Akin to English liver.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈleʋːər/

Noun

lever f (definite singular levra, indefinite plural levrar or levrer, definite plural levrane or levrene)

(anatomy) a liver
liver (eaten as food)

Alternative forms

livr (superseded)

Derived terms

skrumplever

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /²leːʋɛr/

Verb

lever

present of leve

Old French

Etymology

From Latin lēvāre.

Verb

lever

to lift (up)
(reflexive, se lever) to get up (get out of bed)

Conjugation

This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. The forms that would normally end in *-v, *-vs, *-vt are modified to f, s, t. This verb has a stressed present stem liev distinct from the unstressed stem lev. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.

Conjugation of lever (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)

		simple			compound
infinitive		lever			avoir levé
gerund		en levant			gerund of avoir + past participle
present participle		levant
past participle		levé
person		singular			plural
person		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	il	nos	vos	il
simple tenses	present	lief	lieves	lieve	levons	levez	lievent
	imperfect	levoie, leveie, levoe, leveve	levoies, leveies, levoes, leveves	levoit, leveit, levot, leveve	leviiens, leviens	leviiez, leviez	levoient, leveient, levoent, levevent
	preterite	levai	levas	leva	levames	levastes	leverent
	future	leverai	leveras	levera	leverons	leveroiz, levereiz, leverez	leveront
	conditional	leveroie, levereie	leveroies, levereies	leveroit, levereit	leveriiens, leveriens	leveriiez, leveriez	leveroient, levereient
compound tenses	present perfect	present tense of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect tense of avoir + past participle
	past anterior	preterite tense of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future tense of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional tense of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que jo	que tu	qu’il	que nos	que vos	qu’il
simple tenses	present	lief	lies	liet	levons	levez	lievent
simple tenses	imperfect	levasse	levasses	levast	levissons, levissiens	levissoiz, levissez, levissiez	levassent
compound tenses	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
compound tenses	pluperfect	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nos	vos	–
imperative		—	lieve	—	levons	levez	—

Descendants

Middle French: lever
- French: lever

Old Swedish

Etymology

From Old Norse hleifr, from Proto-Germanic *hlaibaz.

Noun

lēver m

loaf, bread

Declension

^{The template Template:gmq-osw-decl-noun-a-m does not use the parameter(s): gen_sg=lēfs
gen_sg_d=lēfsins
acc_sg=lēf
Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.}

Declension of *lēver* (strong a-stem)
masculine	singular		plural
masculine	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	lēver	lēvrin	lēvar	lēvanir, lēvaner
accusative	lēv	lēvin	lēva	lēvana
dative	lēvi, lēve	lēvinum, lēvenom	lēvum, lēvom	lēvumin, lēvomen
genitive	lēvs	lēvsins	lēva	lēvanna

Descendants

Swedish: lev

Swedish

Swedish Wikipedia has an article on:

lever

Wikipedia ^sv

Pronunciation

Audio: (file)

Etymology 1

From Old Norse lifr, from Proto-Germanic *librō, from Proto-Indo-European *leyp- (“to smudge, stick”), from *ley- (“to be slimy, be sticky, glide”).

Noun

lever c

(anatomy) liver
liver (as food)

Declension

Declension of **lever**
		nominative	genitive
singular	indefinite	lever	levers
singular	definite	levern	leverns
plural	indefinite	levrar	levrars
plural	definite	levrarna	levrarnas

Derived terms

Related terms

levra (“clot, coagulate”)

Etymology 2

Verb

lever

present indicative of leva

References

“lever”, in Svensk ordbok [Dictionary of Swedish] (in Swedish)
“lever”, in Svenska Akademiens ordbok [Dictionary of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish)
“lever”, in Svenska Akademiens ordlista [Wordlist of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish)
Svensk MeSH

[ODO-1] “lever”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.

[MWO-2] “lever”, in Merriam-Webster.com Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.

[AHD-3] “lever”, in The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 5th edition, Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2016, →ISBN.

[1]

[2]

[3]

English

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Noun

Synonyms

Derived terms

Related terms

Translations

Verb

Derived terms

Translations

Etymology 2

Alternative forms

Adverb

Translations

Etymology 3

Noun

Further reading

References

Anagrams

Danish

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Noun

Inflection

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Verb

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

Verb

Dutch

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Noun

Derived terms

Descendants

Etymology 2

Verb

French

Etymology

Pronunciation

Verb

Conjugation

Derived terms

Descendants

Noun

Further reading

Anagrams

Hungarian

Etymology

Pronunciation

Verb

Conjugation

Derived terms

Further reading

Indonesian

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Alternative forms

Noun

Etymology 2

Noun

Further reading

Latin

Verb

Middle English

Etymology 1

Adverb

Etymology 2

Noun

Etymology 3

Noun

Middle French

Etymology

Verb

Conjugation

Descendants

References

Norwegian Bokmål