temel

See also: Temel

Old Irish

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *temeslos, from Proto-Indo-European *témHeslo- (“darkness”) (compare Sanskrit तमिस्रा (támisrā, “dark night”), Old High German demar (“twilight”), Latin tenebrae (“darkness”), from *temH-).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈt̠ʲe.β̃ʲəl/
  • (Blasse) [ˈt̠ʲe.β̃ʲel]
  • (Griffith) [ˈt̠ʲe.β̃ʲəl]

Noun

temel m (genitive temil)

1. darkness
   • c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 30^a3

     Amal nád n-airigther ⁊ nád fintar a ndu·gníther hi suidi, sic ba in ḟortgidiu ⁊ ba hi temul du·gníth Saul cona muntair intleda ⁊ erelca fri Dauid.

     As what is done in this is not perceived and discovered, so it was covertly and it was in darkness that Saul with his people was making snares and ambushes against David.

Declension

Masculine o-stem

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	temel	—	—
vocative	temil	—	—
accusative	temelN	—	—
genitive	temilL	—	—
dative	temulL	—	—

Initial mutations of a following adjective:

• ^H = triggers aspiration
• ^L = triggers lenition
• ^N = triggers nasalization

Descendants

• Middle Irish: teimel
  • Irish: teimheal

Mutation

Mutation of temel

radical	lenition	nasalization
temel	themel	temel pronounced with /d̪̠ʲ-/

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “teimel”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Turkish

Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish تمل (temel), from Greek θεμέλιο (themélio, “foundation, base”), from Ancient Greek θεμέλιος (themélios, “belonging to the foundation”).

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

temel (definite accusative temeli, plural temeller)

1. fundament, basics
2. ground, foundation

   Evin temelleri sökülüyor gibi sarsılıyor.

   (please add an English translation of this usage example)

3. background

Declension

Declension of temel

singular plural nominative temel temeller definite accusative temeli temelleri dative temele temellere locative temelde temellerde ablative temelden temellerden genitive temelin temellerin Possessive forms nominative singular plural 1st singular temelim temellerim 2nd singular temelin temellerin 3rd singular temeli temelleri 1st plural temelimiz temellerimiz 2nd plural temeliniz temelleriniz 3rd plural temelleri temelleri definite accusative singular plural 1st singular temelimi temellerimi 2nd singular temelini temellerini 3rd singular temelini temellerini 1st plural temelimizi temellerimizi 2nd plural temelinizi temellerinizi 3rd plural temellerini temellerini dative singular plural 1st singular temelime temellerime 2nd singular temeline temellerine 3rd singular temeline temellerine 1st plural temelimize temellerimize 2nd plural temelinize temellerinize 3rd plural temellerine temellerine locative singular plural 1st singular temelimde temellerimde 2nd singular temelinde temellerinde 3rd singular temelinde temellerinde 1st plural temelimizde temellerimizde 2nd plural temelinizde temellerinizde 3rd plural temellerinde temellerinde ablative singular plural 1st singular temelimden temellerimden 2nd singular temelinden temellerinden 3rd singular temelinden temellerinden 1st plural temelimizden temellerimizden 2nd plural temelinizden temellerinizden 3rd plural temellerinden temellerinden genitive singular plural 1st singular temelimin temellerimin 2nd singular temelinin temellerinin 3rd singular temelinin temellerinin 1st plural temelimizin temellerimizin 2nd plural temelinizin temellerinizin 3rd plural temellerinin temellerinin

Derived terms

• temel almak
• temel atmak, temelatmak
• temelli

Adjective

temel

1. basic, fundamental

   Devletin temel kanununun adı Anayasa'dır.

   The state's fundamental law is called the constitution.

Declension

Predicative forms of temel

present tense
	positive declarative	positive interrogative
ben (I am)	temelim	temel miyim?
sen (you are)	temelsin	temel misin?
o (he/she/it is)	temel / temeldir	temel mi?
biz (we are)	temeliz	temel miyiz?
siz (you are)	temelsiniz	temel misiniz?
onlar (they are)	temel(ler)	temel(ler) mi?
past tense
	positive declarative	positive interrogative
ben (I was)	temeldim	temel miydim?
sen (you were)	temeldin	temel miydin?
o (he/she/it was)	temeldi	temel miydi?
biz (we were)	temeldik	temel miydik?
siz (you were)	temeldiniz	temel miydiniz?
onlar (they were)	temeldiler	temel miydiler?
indirect past
	positive declarative	positive interrogative
ben (I was)	temelmişim	temel miymişim?
sen (you were)	temelmişsin	temel miymişsin?
o (he/she/it was)	temelmiş	temel miymiş?
biz (we were)	temelmişiz	temel miymişiz?
siz (you were)	temelmişsiniz	temel miymişsiniz?
onlar (they were)	temelmişler	temel miymişler?
conditional
	positive declarative	positive interrogative
ben (if I)	temelsem	temel miysem?
sen (if you)	temelsen	temel miysen?
o (if he/she/it)	temelse	temel miyse?
biz (if we)	temelsek	temel miysek?
siz (if you)	temelseniz	temel miyseniz?
onlar (if they)	temelseler	temel miyseler?

For negative forms, use the appropriate form of değil.

Derived terms

• temel bakım
• temel bilimler
• temel eğitim