Huile de riz
L’huile de riz, populaire en Asie, est extraite du son du riz. Raffinée, elle s’emploie en cuisine comme huile de cuisson. Son point de fumée est en effet très élevé : 254 °C.
Obtention
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L’huile de son de riz est aussi connue sous l’appellation RBO (Rice Bran Oil). Elle est obtenue par pression à froid de l’enveloppe du grain de riz complet. Cette enveloppe, qu’on appelle le son, renferme l'essentiel des substances nutritives du riz (65 %). Le pressage à froid du son de riz permet d'obtenir une huile parfaitement digeste et assimilable.
Composition
[modifier | modifier le code]L’huile de son de riz contient une gamme de graisses, dont 47 % sont monoinsaturées, 33 % polyinsaturées et 20 % saturées. Sa composition en acides gras est[1] :
| Acide gras | % |
|---|---|
| Palmitique (C16:0 saturé) | 15,0 |
| Stéarique (C18:0 saturé) | 1,9 |
| Oléique (C18:1 ω-9 monoinsaturé) | 42,5 |
| Linoléique (C18:2 ω-6 polyinsaturé) | 39,1 |
| α-linolénique (ALA) (C18:3 ω-3 polyinsaturé) | 1,1 |
| Arachidique (C20:0 saturé) | 0,5 |
| Béhénique (C22:0 saturé) | 0,2 |
L’huile de son de riz se distingue par la richesse de sa composition : vitamine E naturelle sous forme tocotriénols et tocophérols, vitamines B (thiamine, riboflavine, niacine, acide pantothénique, biotine, pyridoxine), acides aminés (tryptophane, cystine, arginine, cystéine, etc.), polyphénols, caroténoïdes (bêta-carotène, lycopène, etc.), minéraux (magnésium, calcium, phosphore), enzymes (superoxyde dismutase (SOD), glutathion, méthionine, coenzyme Q10, etc.). De cette composition découlent trois actions majeures :
Actions
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Les informations figurant dans cet article ou cette section doivent être reliées aux sources mentionnées dans les sections « Bibliographie », « Sources » ou « Liens externes » ().
Action sur la glycémie
[modifier | modifier le code]L’acide alpha-lipoïque, polyphénol contenu dans l’huile de son de riz, favorise un meilleur équilibre de la glycémie. Son action « insulin-like » permet de soulager le pancréas (production d’insuline). L’action de l’acide alpha-lipoïque est potentialisée par les tocophérols. Son intérêt thérapeutique est tel qu’aux États-Unis, pays où le diabète est extrêmement répandu, l’association Diabetes Ressources Center a reconnu l’huile de son de riz pour son action sur la régulation du sucre dans le sang.
Références
[modifier | modifier le code]- ↑ (en) « Rice Bran Oil », sur biodieseltechnologiesindia.com
Publications
[modifier | modifier le code]Kahlon, T.S., F.I. Chow, M.M. Chiu, C.A. Hudson et R.N. Sayre. 1996.
Cholesterol-Lowering by Rice Bran and Rice Bran Oil Unsaponifiable Matter in Hamsters, Cereal Chemistry 73(1): 69-74.
Dunford, N.T., Health Benefits and Processing of Lipid-Based Nutritionals, 2001, Food Technol. 55 (11): 38-44.
Eitenmiller, R. R., 1997, Vitamin E Content of Fats and Oils: Nutritional Implications, Food Technol. 51(5): 78-81.
Fry, A.C., E. Bonner, D.L. Lewis, R.L. Johnson, M.H. Stone et W.J. Kraemer, 1997, The Effects of Gamma-Oryzanol Supplementation During Resistance Exercise Training, International Journal of Sport Nutrition 7(4): 318-329.
Gould, M.N., J.D. Haag, W.S. Kennan et al., 1991, A Comparison of Tocopherol and Tocotrienol for the Chemoprevention of Chemically Induced Rat Mammary Tumors, Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 53: 1068S.
Haque, M.H. et A.U. Haque, 1999, Compositions for the Prevention and Treatment of Warts, Skin Blemishes and Other Viral-Induced Tumors, brevet américain no 05945116.
Hata, A., S. Koga, H. Shigematsu, S. Kato et al., 1981. Study on Effects of Gamma-Oryzanol on Hyperlipemia – Multicenter Cooperative Pilot Study for Dosage Finding. Geriat. Med. 19: 1813-1840.
Hiramitsu, T. et D. Armstrong. 1991. Preventive Effect of Antioxidants on Lipid Peroxidation in the Retina. Ophthalmic Res. 23: 196-203.
Hirose, M., K. Ozaki, K. Takaba, L. Fukushima, T. Shirai et N. Ito. 1991. Modifying Effects of the Naturally Occurring Antioxidants g-Oryzanol, Phytic Acid, Tannic Acid, and n-Tritriacontane-16, 18-Dione in a Rat Wide-Spectrum Organ Carcinogenesis Model. Carcinogenesis 12(10): 1917-1921.
Ichimaru, Y., M. Moriyama, M. Ichimaru et Y. Gomita. 1984. Effects of Gamma-Oryzanol on Gastric Lesions and Small Intestinal Propulsive Activity in Mice. Nippon Yakurigaku Zasshi 84(6): 537-542.
Imai, Y., T. Ogawa, C. Tsurmi, M. Kitagawa et H. Tanaka. 1994. Food Additive and Use Thereof. PCT Int’l. Patent Application WO 94/07378A1.
Itaya, K. et J. Kiyonaga. 1976. Studies of Gamma-Oryzanol (1). Effects on Stress- Induced Ulcer. Nippon Yakurigaku Zasshi 72(4): 475-481.
Itaya, K., J. Kiyonaga et M. Ishikawa. 1976. Studies of Gamma-Oryzanol (2). The Antiulcerogenic Action. Nippon Yakurigaku Zasshi 72(8): 1001-1011.
Kahlon, T.S. et F.I. Chow. 1997. Hypocholesterolemic Effects of Oat, Rice, and Barley Dietary Fibers and Fractions. Cereal Foods World 42(2): 86-92.
Kahlon, T.S., R.M. Saunders, R.N. Sayre et F.I Chow. 1992b. Cholesterol-
Lowering Effects of Rice Bran and Rice Bran Oil Fractions in Hypercholesterolemic Hamsters. Cereal Chemistry 69: 485-489.
Kim, J.S., J.S. Godber, J.M. King, W. Prinyawiwatkul et H.Y. Chung. 2000. Vitamin E Vitamers and g-Oryzanol from Rice Bran Inhibit the Formation of 7-Ketocholesterol in Aqueous Dispersion System. (51E-1). Book of Abstracts: IFT Annual Meeting, Dallas, Texas. June 10-14.
Koba, K., J. W. Liu, E. Bobik, M, Sugano et Y. S. Huang. 2000. Cholesterol Supplementation Attenuates the Hypocholesterolemic Effect of Rice Bran Oil in Rats. J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminology (Tokyo) 46(2): 58-64.
Lichenstein, A.H., L.M. Ausman, W. Carrasco, L.J. Gualtieri, J.L. Jenner, J.M. Ordovas, R.J. Nicolosi, B.R. Goldin et E.J. Schaefer. 1994. Rice Bran Oil Consumption and Plasma Lipid Levels in Moderately Hypercholesterolemic Humans. Arteriosclerosis and Thrombosis 14(4): 549-556.
Ling, W.H. et P.J.H. Jones. 1995. Minireview Dietary Phytosterols: A Review of Metabolism, Benefits and Side Effects. Life Sci. 57: 195-206.
Mizuta, K., H. Kaneta et K. Itaya. 1978. Effects of Gamma-Oryzanol on Gastric Secretions in Rats (Author’s Tranl). Nippon Yakurigaku Zasshi 74(2): 285-295.
Nakayama, S., A. Manabe, J. Suzuki, K. Sakamoto et T. Inagake. 1987. Comparative Effects of Two Forms of g-Oryzanol in Different Sterol Compositions on Hyperlipidemia Induced by Cholesterol Diet in Rats. Japan Journal of Pharmacology 44(2): 135-143.
Nesaretnam, K., R. Stephen, R. Dils et P. Darbre. 1998. Tocotrienols Inhibit the Growth of Human Breast Cancer Cells Irrespective of Estrogen Receptor Status. Lipids 33: 461-469.
Nicolosi, R.J. 1991. Health Benefits Attributed to Derivatives of Rice Bran. Cereal Foods World 36(8): 720.
Nicolosi, R.J., L.M. Ausman et D.M. Hegsted. 1991. Rice Bran Oil Lowers
Serum Total and Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Apo B Levels in Nonhuman Primates. Atherosclerosis 88: 133-142.
Nicolosi, R.J. et S. Liang. 1991. Comparative Effects of Rice Bran Oil, Soybean Oil and Coconut Oil on Lipoprotein Levels, Low Density Lipoprotein Oxidizability and Fatty Streak Formulation in Hypercholesterolemic Hamsters. Arteriosclerosis 11: 1603a.
Papas, A. et A. Moore. 1998. Tocotrienols: A New Dietary Supplement. (NPT1-9). Book of Abstracts: IFT Annual Meeting, Atlanta, Georgia. June 20-24.
Qureshi, A.A., N. Qureshi, J.O. Hasler-Rapacz, F.E. Weber, V. Chaudhary, T.D. Crenshaw, A. Gapor, A.S.H Ong, Y.H. Chong, D. Peterson et J. Rapacz. 1991. Dietary Tocotrienols Reduce Concentrations of Plasma Cholesterol, Apolipoprotein B. Thromboxane B2, and Platelet Factor 4 in Pigs with Inherited Hyperlipidemia. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 53: 1042S-1046S.
Quershi, A.A., N. Quershi, J.J.K. Wright, Z. Shen, A. Kramer, A. Gapor, Y.H. Chong, G. DeWitt, A.S.H. Ong, D.M. Peterson et B.A. Bradlow. 1991. Lowering of Serum Cholesterol in Hypercholesterolemic Humans by Tocotrienols (palmvitee). Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 53: 1021S-1026.
Quershi, A.A., W.A. Salser, R. Parmer et E.E. Emerson. 2001. Novel Tocotrienols of Rice Bran Inhibit Atherosclerotic Lesions in C57BL/6 ApoE-Deficient Mice. J. of Nutrition 131(10): 2606-2618.
Raghuram, T.C., U.B. Rao et C. Rukmini. 1989. Studies on Hypolipidemic Effects of Dietary Rice Bran Oil in Human Subjects. Nutr. Rep. Intl. 39: 889.
Rogers, E.J., S.M. Rice, R.J. Nicolosi, D.R. Carpenter, C.A. McClelland et L.J. Romanczyk, Jr. 1993. Identification and Quantitation of g-Oryzanol Components and Simultaneous Assessment of Tocols in Rice Bran Oil. J. AOCS 70(3): 301-307.
Rong, N., L.M. Ausman et R.J. Nicolosi. 1997. Oryzanol Decreases Cholesterol Absorption and Aortic Fatty Steaks in Hamsters. Lipids 32(3): 303-309.
Rukmini, C. 1988. Chemical, Nutritional, and Toxicological Studies of Rice Bran Oil. Food Chemistry 30: 257-268.
Rukmini, C. et T. C. Raghuram. 1991. Nutritional and Biochemical Aspects of the Hypolipidemic Action of Rice Bran Oil: A Review. Journal of the American College of Nutrition 10(6): 593-601.
Sasaki, J., Y. Takada, K. Handa, M. Kusuda, Y. Tanabe, A. Matsunaga et K. Arakawa. 1990. Effects of Gamma-Oryzanol on Serum Lipids and Apolipoproteins in Dyslipidemic Schizophrenics Receiving Major Tranquilizers. Clinical Therapeutics 12(3): 263-268.
Seetharamaiah, G.S. et N. Chandrasekhara. 1988. Hypocholesterolemic Activity of Oryzanol in Rats. Nutr. Rep. Intl. 38(5): 927-935.
Seetharamaiah, G.S. et N. Chandrasekhara. 1989. Studies on Hypocholesterolemic Activity of Rice Bran Oil. Atherosclerosis 78: 219-223.
Seetharamaiah, G.S. et N. Chandrasekhara. 1990. Effect of Oryzanol on Cholesterol Absorption and Biliary and Fecal Bile Acids in Rats. Indian J. Med. Res. 92: 471-475.
Seetharamaiah, G.S., T.P. Krishnakantha et N. Chandrasekhara. 1990. Influence of Oryzanol on Platelet Aggregation in Rats. J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol. 36(3): 291-297.
Sharma, R.D. et C. Rukmini. 1986. Rice Bran Oil and Hypocholesterolemia in Rats. Lipids 21: 715-717.
Sugano, M. et E. Tsuji. 1997. Rice Bran Oil and Cholesterol Metabolism. Journal of Nutrition 127(3): 521S-524S.
Tamagawa, M., Y. Otaki, T. Takahashi, T. Otaka, S. Kimura et T. Miwa. 1992. Carcinogenicity Study of g-Oryzanol in B6C3F1 Mice. Food & Chemical Toxicology 30(1): 49-56.
Tamagawa, M., Y. Shimizu, T. Takahashi, T. Otaka, S. Kimura, H. Kadowaki, F. Uda et T. Miwa. 1992. Carcinogenicity Study of g-Oryzanol in F344 Rats. Food & Chemical Toxicology 30(1): 41-48.
Taylor, J.B., T.M. Richard, C.L. Wilhelm, M.M. Chrysam, M. Otterburn et G.A. Leveille. 1996. Rice Bran Oil Antioxidant. U.S. Patent No. 5,552,167.
Tomeo, A.C., M. Geller, T.R. Watkins, A. Gapor et M.L. Bierenbaum. 1995. Antioxidant Effects of Tocotrienols in Patients with Hyperlipidemia and Carotid Stenosis. Lipids 30(12): 1179-1183
Vissers, M.N., P.L. Zock, G.W. Meijer et M.B. Katan. 2000. Effect of Plant Sterols from Rice Bran Oil and Triterpene Alcohols from Sheanut Oil on Serum Lipoprotein Concentrations in Humans. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 72: 1510-1515.
Wheeler, K.B. et K.A. Garleb. 1991. g-Oryzanol-Plant Sterol Supplementation: Metabolic, Endocrine, and Physiologic Effects. Int’l. J. Sport Nutr. 1: 170-177.
Yoshino, G. et al., 1989. Effects of Gamma-Oryzanol on Hyperlipidemic Subjects. Current Therapeutic Res. 45(4): 543-552.
Articles connexes
[modifier | modifier le code]- Cire de son de riz (numéro E908)
